Soyuz-2

Soyuz-2 (GRAU index 14A14) is a modernised version of the Russian Soyuz rocket. In its basic form, it is a three-stage carrier rocket for placing payloads into low Earth orbit. Compared to the previous versions of the Soyuz, the first-stage boosters and two core stages feature uprated engines with improved injection systems. Digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to be launched from a fixed launch platform, whereas the launch platforms for earlier Soyuz rockets had to be rotated as the rocket could not perform a roll to change its heading in flight.

Soyuz-2 (2.1a / 2.1b / ST-A / ST-B)

A MetOp spacecraft ready for the launch atop a Soyuz-2.1a rocket.
Function	Orbital carrier rocket
Manufacturer	TsSKB-Progress (Samara) and Chemical Automatics Design Bureau (Voronezh) [1]
Country of origin	Russia
Cost per launch	US$80 million (Arianespace) US$35-48.5 million (Roscosmos)[2][3]
Size
Height	46.3 metres (152 ft)[4]
Diameter	2.95 metres (9 ft 8 in)
Mass	312,000 kilograms (688,000 lb)[4]
Stages	2 or 3
Capacity
Payload to LEO[lower-alpha 1]	2.1a: 7,020 kg (15,480 lb) 2.1b: 8,200 kg (18,100 lb)[4]
Payload to SSO[lower-alpha 2]	ST-A: 4,230 kg (9,330 lb) ST-B: 4,900 kg (10,800 lb)[5]
Payload to GTO[lower-alpha 3]	ST-A: 2,810 kg (6,190 lb) ST-B: 3,250 kg (7,170 lb)[5]
Associated rockets
Family	R-7 (Soyuz)
Launch history
Status	Active
Launch sites	Baikonur, Site 31/6 Plesetsk, Site 43 Kourou, ELS Vostochny, Site 1S
Total launches	105 (2.1a: 46, 2.1b: 53, 2.1v: 6)
Successes	98 (2.1a: 43, 2.1b: 50, 2.1v: 5)
Failures	4 (2.1a: 2, 2.1b: 2, 2.1v: 0)
Partial failures	3 (2.1a: 1, 2.1b: 1, 2.1v: 1)
First flight	2.1a: 8 November 2004 2.1b: 27 December 2006 2.1v: 28 December 2013
Last flight	2.1a: Active 2.1b: Active 2.1v: Active
Notable payloads	CoRoT Galileo GLONASS Progress Soyuz
Boosters – Blok-B,V,G,D [6]
No. boosters	4
Length	19.6 metres (64 ft)
Diameter	2.68 metres (8 ft 10 in)
Empty mass	3,784 kilograms (8,342 lb)
Gross mass	44,413 kilograms (97,914 lb)
Propellant mass	39,160 kilograms (86,330 lb)
Engines	RD-107A
Thrust	Sea level: 839.48 kilonewtons (188,720 lbf) Vacuum: 1,019.93 kilonewtons (229,290 lbf)
Specific impulse	Sea level: 263.3 seconds (2.582 km/s) Vacuum: 320.2 seconds (3.140 km/s)
Burn time	118 seconds
Fuel	LOX / RG-1
First stage – Blok-A [6]
Length	27.10 metres (88.9 ft)
Diameter	2.95 metres (9 ft 8 in)
Empty mass	6,545 kilograms (14,429 lb)
Gross mass	99,765 kilograms (219,944 lb)
Propellant mass	90,100 kilograms (198,600 lb)
Engines	RD-108A
Thrust	Sea level: 792.41 kilonewtons (178,140 lbf) Vacuum: 921.86 kilonewtons (207,240 lbf)
Specific impulse	Sea level: 257.7 seconds (2.527 km/s) Vacuum: 320.6 seconds (3.144 km/s)
Burn time	286 seconds
Fuel	LOX / RG-1
Second stage – Blok-I [6]
Length	6.70 metres (22.0 ft)
Diameter	2.66 metres (8 ft 9 in)
Empty mass	2,355 kilograms (5,192 lb)
Gross mass	27,755 kilograms (61,189 lb)
Propellant mass	25,400 kilograms (56,000 lb)
Engines	2.1a / STA: RD-0110 2.1b / STB: RD-0124
Thrust	RD-0110: 298 kilonewtons (67,000 lbf) RD-0124: 294.3 kilonewtons (66,200 lbf)
Specific impulse	RD-0110: 326 seconds RD-0124: 359 seconds
Burn time	270 seconds
Fuel	LOX / RG-1
Upper stage (optional) – Fregat / Fregat-M / Fregat-MT [7]
Length	1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in)
Diameter	Fregat / Fregat-M: 3.35 metres (11.0 ft) Fregat-MT: 3.80 metres (12.5 ft)
Empty mass	Fregat: 930 kilograms (2,050 lb) Fregat-M: 980 kilograms (2,160 lb) Fregat-MT: 1,050 kilograms (2,310 lb)
Propellant mass	Fregat: 5,250 kilograms (11,570 lb) Fregat-M: 5,600 kilograms (12,300 lb) Fregat-MT: 7,100 kilograms (15,700 lb)
Engines	S5.92
Thrust	19.85 kilonewtons (4,460 lbf)
Specific impulse	333.2 seconds
Burn time	1100 seconds
Fuel	N2O4 / UDMH
Upper stage (optional) – Volga[8]
Length	1.025 metres (3 ft 4.4 in)
Diameter	3.2 metres (10 ft)
Empty mass	840 kilograms (1,850 lb)
Propellant mass	300–900 kilograms (660–1,980 lb)
Engines	17D64[9]
Thrust	2.94 kilonewtons (660 lbf)
Specific impulse	307 seconds
Fuel	N2O4 / UDMH

Soyuz-2 is often flown with an upper stage, which allows it to lift payloads into higher orbits, such as Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. The upper stage is equipped with independent flight control and telemetry systems from those used in the rest of the rocket. The NPO Lavochkin manufactured Fregat is the most commonly used upper stage.

Soyuz-2 rockets were first launched from Site 31 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and Site 43 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, launch facilities shared with earlier R-7 derived rockets including the Soyuz-U and Molniya. Commercial Soyuz-2 flights are contracted by Starsem and have launched from Site 31 at Baikonur Cosmodrome and ELS (Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz), which has been built at the Centre Spatial Guyanais on the northern coast of South America. The Soyuz-2 version ST-B can deliver 3,250 kilograms (7,170 lb) to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) from this equatorial site.[5] In 2016, the new Vostochny Cosmodrome started operating Soyuz-2 flights as well, from its first launch pad called Site 1S.

The Soyuz-2 has replaced the Molniya-M, Soyuz-U and Soyuz-FG since 2010, 2017 and 2019 respectively.[10][11][12] TsSKB-Progress halted production of Soyuz-U in April 2015; the final flight of a Soyuz-U rocket took place on 22 February 2017, carrying Progress MS-05 to the International Space Station. According to CNES officials interviewed in May 2018, launches of Soyuz from Guiana may be replaced by the Ariane 6 medium-lift version A62 in 2021.[13]

Variants

The Soyuz-2 family includes 2.1a, 2.1b, and 2.1v. The first two variants are modifications to the Soyuz-U launcher. The latter is a "light" version without side boosters.

When launched from the Kourou site, Soyuz-2 is always mated with the ST-type fairing; this version is called Soyuz-ST or Soyuz-STK, where additional "K" indicates special measures taken for preparing and launching the rocket in hot and humid conditions.

Soyuz-2.1a

The 2.1a version includes conversion from analog to digital flight control system and uprated engines on the booster and the first stage with improved injection systems. The new digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to launch from a fixed rather than angled launch platform and adjust its heading in flight. A digital control system also enables the launch of larger commercial satellites with wider and longer payload fairings such as the ST-type fairing. These fairings introduce too much aerodynamic instability for the old analog system to handle. This stage continues to use the RD-0110 engine.

The 2.1a/ST version is sometimes called Soyuz ST-A. The first launch, from Guiana, (17 December 2011 for Pléiades-HR 1A, SSOT, ELISA (4 satellites)) was a success.

Soyuz-2.1b

The 2.1b version adds an upgraded engine (RD-0124) which greatly increases the specific impulse of the upper stage (326 seconds to 359 seconds). First launch took place from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 on 26 July 2008 with a classified military payload.[14]

The 2.1b/ST version is sometimes called Soyuz ST-B. The first launch, from Guiana, was a success (21 October 2011), for the first two Galileo IOV satellites.

Soyuz-2.1v

Main article: Soyuz-2.1v

The first flight vehicle of the 2.1v version was finished in 2009. It is a "light" version of the Soyuz-2 without the side boosters (blocks B, V, G and D). The Block A engine was replaced by the more powerful NK-33-1, which as of 2009, was to eventually be replaced with the RD-193. The new launcher version was able to deliver up to 2.8 tonnes in low Earth orbit.[15]

Modifications for various launch sites

Further information: Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre

The Soyuz-2.1a/1b versions launched from the Vostochny Cosmodrome and the Centre Spatial Guyanais have a series of modifications over the stock units. Some of these might later be implemented on all the Soyuz-2, while some are particular requirements to the space port design.

Modifications for the Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG) version includes:

• First use of a mobile service tower at the ELS that enabled vertical payload integration.[6]
• European supplied payload adapters.[6]
• European supplied KSE (French: Kit de Sauvegarde Européenne, lit. 'European Safeguard Kit'), a system to locate and transmit a flight termination signal.[6] It would activate the engine shutdown command and leave the vehicle in a ballistic trajectory.[16]
• Adaptation of the S-Band telemetry system on all stages from the 5 TM bands available at Baikonur, and Plesetsk to the 3 allowed at the CSG range.[6]
• Adaptation of the S-Band telemetry coding and frequency to the IRIG standard used at CGS.[6]
• Adaptation of the oxygen purge system for directing to the outside the mobile gantry.[6]
• Adaptation to the tropical GSC climate including the adaptation of the air conditioning system to local specifications and protective measures to avoid icing.[6] All holes and cavities were studied and certified to be adequately protected against intrusion of insects and rodents.[16]
• The four boosters and the core stage were upgraded with pyrotechnic devices to breach the fuel tanks to assure that they would sink in the ocean. The other stages were shown to lose structural integrity on impact and thus proven to sink.[16]
• At least initially, the boosters and core stage would use the pyrotechnically ignited 14D22 (RD-107A) and 14D23 (RD-108A) rather than the chemically ignited 14D22 kHz and 14D23 kHz used on the rest of the Soyuz-2.[16]

Modifications for the Vostochny Cosmodrome version includes:[17]

• New and upgraded computer, N.A.Semikhatov NPO Automatika's Malachite-7, with six times more performance, better obsolescence protection, reduced weight.[18][19][20]
• The new computer enabled a significant reduction on the cable network complexity thanks to multiplexing lines and using common buses.[17][20][21]
• New nickel-cadmium batteries that eliminate the need for a dedicated battery charging station.[18]
• The inclusion of on-board video system, that will enable real-time views of the launch.[18]
• Since the launch pad at Vostochny also has a mobile gantry for vertical payload integration, similar to the ELS at Guiana, it has the necessary piping to direct the oxygen purges outside the gantry.[17]

On 1 October 2015, it was announced that parts of the assembly complex for the Soyuz-2 at Vostochny Cosmodrome were designed for a different modification of the rocket and are too small, so that the planned first launch in December 2015 was under question.[22] The first launch occurred on 28 April 2016 at 02:01:21 UTC.[23]

Notable missions

Suborbital test flight

On 8 November 2004, at 18:30 UTC (21:30 Moscow Time), the first Soyuz-2 carrier rocket, in the Soyuz-2.1a configuration, was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The rocket followed a sub-orbital trajectory, with the third stage and boilerplate payload re-entering over the Pacific Ocean.

Maiden launch

The first attempt at launching a Soyuz-2 to orbit, with the MetOp-A satellite, occurred on 17 July 2006. It was scrubbed two hours before the launch by an automatic sequence, after the onboard computer failed to check the launch azimuth. Fuelling of the rocket was underway at the time, and all launch complex equipment and on-board preliminary checks had proceeded without incident. The rocket was left fuelled on the launch pad, for the next attempt on 18 July 2006. Launch was eventually conducted on 19 October 2006.

First crewed mission

First crewed launch of Soyuz-2 took place at 9 April 2020, carrying Soyuz MS-16 to the ISS.

Launch statistics

Soyuz-2 rockets have accumulated 105 launches since 2006, 98 of which were successful, yielding a 93.3% success rate.

Launch outcomes

5

10

15

20

25

30

2006

2010

2015

2020

•   Failure
•   Partial failure
•   Success
•   Scheduled

Launch sites

5

10

15

20

25

30

2006

2010

2015

2020

•   Baikonur
•   Plesetsk
•   Vostochny
•   Kourou
•  

List of launches

Main article: List of R-7 launches

#	Launch date Time (UTC)	Configuration	Spaceport	Result	Payload	Remarks
N/A	8 November 2004 18:30	Soyuz-2.1a	Plesetsk Site 43	Success	Zenit-8 (boilerplate)	Suborbital test flight
01	19 October 2006 16:28	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	MetOp-A	Weather
02	24 December 2006 08:34	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat	Plesetsk Site 43	Success	Meridian 1	Military comsat
03	27 December 2006 14:28	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	CoRoT	Astronomy
04	26 July 2008 18:31	Soyuz-2.1b	Plesetsk Site 43	Success[24]	Kosmos 2441 (Persona No.1)	Reconnaissance
	Launch was successful but satellite failed after a few months of operations due to an electrical fault.
05	21 May 2009 21:53	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat	Plesetsk Site 43	Failure[25]	Meridian 2	Military comsat
	Bulging of third-stage combustion chamber led to fuel leak and automatic deactivation; satellite in unusable orbit after failed correction attempt.
06	17 September 2009 15:55	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Meteor-M No.1 BLITS IRIS Sterkh-2 SumbandilaSat UGATUSAT Universitetsky-2	Weather + 6 piggyback satellites
07	19 October 2010 17:11	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Globalstar-2 F1 (6 satellites)	Communications
08	2 November 2010 00:59	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Meridian 3	Military comsat
09	26 February 2011 03:07	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2471 (GLONASS-K 701K)	Navigation
10	4 May 2011 17:41	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Meridian 4	Military comsat
11	13 July 2011 02:27	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Globalstar-2 F2 (6 satellites)	Communications
12	2 October 2011 20:15	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2474 (GLONASS-M 742)	Navigation
13	21 October 2011 10:30	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[26]	Galileo IOV-1/2	Navigation First launch from Kourou
14	28 November 2011 08:25	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43	Success[27]	Kosmos 2478 (GLONASS-M 746)	Navigation
15	17 December 2011 02:03	Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M	Kourou ELS	Success[28]	Pleiades 1A SSOT ELISA 1/2/3/4	Imaging satellite Earth observation for Chile Signals intelligence
16	23 December 2011 12:08	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43	Failure[29]	Meridian 5	Military comsat
	Anomaly led to premature third-stage engine deactivation followed by an explosion which caused it to veer off course; satellite not deployed.
17	28 December 2011 17:09	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[30]	Globalstar-2 F3 (6 satellites)	Communications
18	17 September 2012 16:28	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	MetOp-B	Weather
19	12 October 2012 18:15	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[31]	Galileo IOV-3/4	Navigation
20	14 November 2012 11:42	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Meridian 6	Military comsat
21	2 December 2012 02:02	Soyuz ST-A Fregat	Kourou ELS	Success[32]	Pleiades 1B	Imaging Satellite
22	6 February 2013 16:04:24	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Globalstar-2 F4 (6 satellites)	Communications
23	19 April 2013 10:00:00	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Bion-M No.1 Aist 2 Beesat 2/3 Dove-2 OSSI-1 SOMP	Biological science + 5 piggyback satellites
24	26 April 2013 05:23:46	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43	Success[33]	Kosmos 2485 (GLONASS-M 747)	Navigation
25	7 June 2013 18:37:59	Soyuz-2.1b	Plesetsk Site 43	Success[34]	Kosmos 2486 (Persona No.2)	Reconnaissance
26	25 June 2013 17:28:48	Soyuz-2.1b	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[35]	Resurs-P No.1	Earth observation
27	25 June 2013 19:27:03	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[36]	O3b-1/2/3/4	Communications
28	19 December 2013 09:12:19	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[37]	Gaia	Space observatory
29	28 December 2013 12:30	Soyuz-2.1v Volga	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[38]	Aist 1, SKRL-756 #1/2	Maiden flight of Soyuz-2.1v
30	23 March 2014 22:54:03	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43	Success[39]	Kosmos 2494 (GLONASS-M 754)	Navigation
31	3 April 2014 21:02:26	Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M	Kourou ELS	Success[40]	Sentinel-1A	Earth observation
32	6 May 2014 13:49:35	Soyuz-2.1a	Plesetsk Site 43	Success[41]	Kosmos 2495 (Kobalt-M)	Reconnaissance
33	14 June 2014 17:16:48	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[42]	Kosmos 2500 (GLONASS-M 755)	Navigation
34	8 July 2014 15:58:28	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[43]	Meteor-M No.2 AISSat-2 DX-1 Relek (MKA-FKI (PN2)) SkySat 2 TechDemoSat-1 UKube-1	Weather + 6 piggyback satellites
35	10 July 2014 18:55:56	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[44]	O3b-5/6/7/8	Communications
36	18 July 2014 20:50:00	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Foton-M No.4	Microgravity and biology research
37	22 August 2014 12:27:11	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Partial failure[45]	Galileo FOC-1/2	Navigation
	Fregat upper stage guidance problem left the satellites in an incorrect elliptical orbit. Traced to a flaw in the Fregat thermal design with a heat bridge from the coolant line to fuel line causing freezing of fuel line.
38	29 October 2014 07:09:43	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Progress M-25M	ISS logistics
39	30 October 2014 01:42:52	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Meridian 7	Military comsat
40	30 November 2014 21:52:26	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2501 (GLONASS-K 702K)	Navigation
41	18 December 2014 18:37:00	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success	O3b-9/10/11/12	Communications
	Although the mission successfully placed the O3b constellation into the correct orbit, the telemetry system ceased to send telemetry data to ground controllers moments before third Fregat burn. Mission control afterwards directly relied to the satellites to confirm their condition and their position.[46]
42	25 December 2014 03:01:13	Soyuz-2.1b	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2502 (Lotos-S1 No.1)	Signals intelligence
43	26 December 2014 18:55:50	Soyuz-2.1b	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Resurs-P No.2	Earth observation
44	27 February 2015 11:01:35	Soyuz-2.1a	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2503 (Bars-M No.1)	Reconnaissance
45	27 March 2015 21:46:18	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success	Galileo FOC-3/4	Navigation
46	28 April 2015 07:09:50	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Failure	Progress M-27M	ISS logistics
	Spacecraft lost communications and attitude control soon after separation after damaged by vibration issues during launch.[47] International Space Station docking attempt cancelled.[48] Mission declared a total loss.[49]
47	5 June 2015 15:23:54	Soyuz-2.1a	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2505 (Kobalt-M)	Reconnaissance
48	23 June 2015 16:44:00	Soyuz-2.1b	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2506 (Persona No.3)	Reconnaissance
49	11 September 2015 02:08:10	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[50]	Galileo FOC-5/6	Navigation
50	17 November 2015 06:33:41	Soyuz-2.1b	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2510 (EKS)	Missile early warning
51	5 December 2015 14:09:00	Soyuz-2.1v Volga	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Partial failure[51]	Kanopus-ST 1 (Kosmos 2511) KYuA 1 (Kosmos 2512)	Earth observation Radar calibration
	Soyuz-2.1v booster performed properly, however Kanopus-ST 1 satellite failed to detach from the satellite carrier atop the Volga upper stage. The KYuA-1 radar calibration sphere was mounted in the side of the satellite carrier and was able to successfully deploy.
52	17 December 2015 11:51:56	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[52]	Galileo FOC-8/9	Navigation
53	21 December 2015 08:44:39	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Progress MS-01	ISS logistics
54	7 February 2016 00:21:07	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M 751)	Navigation
55	13 March 2016 18:56:00	Soyuz-2.1b	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Resurs-P No.3	Earth observation
56	24 March 2016 09:42	Soyuz-2.1a	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2515 (Bars-M No.2)	Reconnaissance
57	31 March 2016 16:23:57	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Progress MS-02	ISS logistics
58	25 April 2016 21:02:13	Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M	Kourou ELS	Success[53]	Sentinel-1B[54] MICROSCOPE[55] AAUSAT 4 e-st@r-II OUFTI 1	Earth observation Astrophysics research Technology
59	28 April 2016 02:01:21	Soyuz-2.1a Volga	Vostochny Site 1S	Success[23]	Mikhailo Lomonosov[56] Aist-2D[57] SamSat 218	Gamma-ray astronomy Technology demonstrations
60	24 May 2016 08:48:43	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[58]	Galileo FOC-10/11	Navigation
61	29 May 2016 08:44:37	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[59]	Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 760)	Navigation
	Third stage shut down prematurely during the launch. Fregat upper stage detected the problem and compensated with an extended firing, delivering the satellite to the correct orbit.[60]
62	28 January 2017 01:03:34	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[61]	Hispasat 36W-1 a.k.a. Hispasat AG1 Small GEO	Communications
63	18 May 2017 11:54:53	Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M	Kourou ELS	Success[62]	SES-15[63]	Communications
64	25 May 2017 06:33	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[64]	EKS-2	Missile early warning
65	14 June 2017 09:20	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Progress MS-06	ISS logistics
66	23 June 2017 18:04	Soyuz-2.1v Volga	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[65]	Kosmos 2519	Military satellite, possibly geodesy project Nivelir-ZU
67	14 July 2017 06:36:49	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Partial failure	Kanopus-V-IK Many cubesats	Earth observation Heliophysics
	At least 9 of the 72 cubesats were reported to have failed, possibly due to an issue with the Fregat upper stage.[66] Glavkosmos, the cubesat launch provider, has later confirmed upper stage anomaly.[67]
68	22 September 2017 00:02:32	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2522 (GLONASS-M 752)	Navigation
69	14 October 2017 08:46:53	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Progress MS-07	ISS logistics
70	28 November 2017 05:41:46	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S[68]	Failure[69]	Meteor-M No.2-1 Ionosfera Baumanets Several cubesats	Weather Ionospheric research
	The orbital insertion burn was conducted while upper stage was oriented in the wrong direction sending it back in to the atmosphere. Roscosmos investigation found 20 years earlier Baikonur co-ordinates had mistakenly been hardcoded in a Fregat subroutine, and the mistake only manifested itself for the first time due to launching from Vostochny. The Russian Government and independent experts however consider the conclusion as a way of escaping individual blame.[70]
71	2 December 2017 10:43:26	Soyuz-2.1b	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[71]	Kosmos 2524 (Lotos-S1 No.2)	Signals intelligence
72	1 February 2018 02:07:18[72]	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S[68]	Success[73][74]	Kanopus-V No.3, No.4 Lemur-2 74, 75, 76, 77 S-Net 1, 2, 3, 4 D-Star One v.1.1[75]	Earth observation Technology demonstrations
73	13 February 2018 08:13:33	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[76]	Progress MS-08	ISS logistics
74	9 March 2018 17:10:06	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success	O3b-13/14/15/16	Communications
75	28 March 2018 17:38:42	Soyuz-2.1v	Plesetsk	Success[77]	Kosmos 2525 (EMKA)	Military satellite
76	16 June 2018 21:30	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	Kosmos 2527 (GLONASS-M 756)	Navigation
77	9 July 2018 21:51	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[78]	Progress MS-09	ISS logistics
78	25 October 2018 00:15	Soyuz-2.1b	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[79]	Kosmos 2528 (Lotos-S1 No.4)	Signals intelligence
79	3 November 2018 20:17	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[80]	Kosmos 2529 (GLONASS-M 757)	Navigation
80	7 November 2018 00:47:27	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-M	Kourou ELS	Success	MetOp-C	Weather
81	19 December 2018 13:37	Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M	Kourou ELS	Success[81]	CSO 1	Reconnaissance for the French Armed Forces
82	27 December 2018 02:07	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	Success[81]	Kanopus-V No.5 & Kanopus-V No.6 Dove Flock-w × 12	Earth observation satellites.
83	21 February 2019 19:47	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[82]	EgyptSat A	Earth observation
84	27 February 2019 21:37	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success[83]	OneWeb × 6 + mockups × 4 (pilot flight)[84]	Communications
85	4 April 2019 11:01	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[85]	Progress MS-11	ISS logistics
86	4 April 2019 17:03:37	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	ELS Kourou	Success	O3b (x4)	Low Earth orbit communication satellites
87	27 May 2019 09:23	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[86]	GLONASS-M 758	Navigation. A lightning struck the rocket 14 seconds after start, without affecting its performance.[86]
88	5 July 2019 05:41	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	Success[87]	Meteor-M No.2-2 Microsputnik	Weather
89	10 July 2019 17:14 [88]	Soyuz-2.1v Volga	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	14F150 No.2 / Nivelir-L [89]	Geodesy
	Launch of four classified military satellites, designated Kosmos 2535–2538, speculated to be part of the Nivelir series of Russian surveillance satellites.
90	30 July 2019 05:56	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[90]	Meridian 8	Communications
91	31 July 2019 12:10	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[91]	Progress MS-12	ISS logistics
92	22 August 2019 03:38	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[92]	Soyuz MS-14 (uncrewed test)	ISS crew transport
93	26 September 2019 07:46	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[93]	Kosmos 2541	Military reconnaissance
94	25 November 2019 17:52	Soyuz-2.1v Volga	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success[94]	Kosmos 2542	Satellite inspection[95]
95	6 December 2019 09:34	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	Progress MS-13 / 74P	ISS logistics
96	11 December 2019	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Success	GLONASS-M 759	Navigation
97	18 December 2019	Soyuz ST-A Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Success	CHEOPS COSMO-SkyMed (CSG 1) OPS-SAT	Space telescope Earth observation (radar) Technical demonstration
98	6 February 2020 21:42:41	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success	OneWeb × 34 (Baikonur flight 1)[84]	Communications
99	20 February 2020 08:24:54	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/3	Success	Meridian-M 9 (19L)	Military comsat[96]
100	16 March 2020 18:28:00	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/3	Success [69]	GLONASS-M No.760 (Kosmos 2545)	Navigation
101	21 March 2020 17:06:58	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success [69][97]	OneWeb × 34 (Baikonur flight 2)	Communications
102	9 April 2020 08:05:06	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Success[69]	Soyuz MS-16	ISS crew transport
103	25 April 2020 01:51:41	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur, Site 31/6	Success [98]	Progress MS-14	ISS logistics
104	22 May 2020 06:45[99]	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk, Site 43	Success	EKS-4 (Tundra 14L)[100]	Early warning
105	23 July 2020 14:26:22	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur, Site 31/6	Success	Progress MS-15	ISS logistics

Planned launches

Link:[101]

Launch date Time (UTC)	Configuration	Spaceport	Result	Payload	Function	Remarks
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 1)	Communications
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 2)	Communications
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 3)	Communications
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 4)	Communications
Late August 2020	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned[69][102]	GLONASS-K 15	Navigation
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 3)	Communications
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 4)	Communications
1 October 2020	Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M	Kourou ELS	Planned[103][104]	FalconEye2	Reconnaissance for the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces
21 October 2020	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[69]	Soyuz MS-17	ISS crew transport
6 November 2020	Soyuz ST-A Fregat-M	Kourou ELS	Planned[103]	CSO 2	Reconnaissance for the French Armed Forces
25 November 2020	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned	GLONASS-M 761	Navigation
November 2020	Soyuz-2.1b	Baikonur Site 31/6	Scheduled[69]	Resurs-P No.4	Earth observation
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 5)	Communications
November 2020	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	Planned[69]	Meteor-M No.2-3 Ionosfera-M 1/2	Weather Ionospheric research
9 December 2020	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[69]	Arktika-M No.1	Earth observation
11 December 2020	Soyuz-2.1a	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[69]	Progress MS-16	ISS logistics
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 6)	Communications
Q4 2020	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned[69]	Gonets-M 20/21/22 (30L/31L/32L)[105]	Communications
TBD	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Planned[103][84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Kourou flight 3)	Communications
Q4 2020	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned[69]	Gonets-M 17/18/19 (27L/28L/29L)[106]	Communications
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 7)	Communications
TBD	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Planned[103][84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Kourou flight 4)	Communications
2020	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned	GLONASS-K 16	Navigation	GLONASS-K1 models will be launched as needed to replace end-of-life GLONASS-M variants.[107]
2020	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned	GLONASS-K 17	Navigation
2020	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned	GLONASS-K 18	Navigation
2020	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned[107]	GLONASS-K 19–23	Navigation
TBD	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Planned[84][103]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Kourou flight 2)	Communications
2020	Soyuz-2.1a	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned[69]	Bars-M 3L	Reconnaissance
2020	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned[69]	Neitron	?
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 5)	Communications
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Vostochny Site 1S	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Vostochny flight 6)	Communications
July 2021	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur or Vostochny[108]	Planned[69]	Luna 25 (Luna-Glob lander)	Lunar exploration
August 2021	Soyuz-2.1a Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned[69]	Kondor FKA No.1	Reconnaissance
TBD	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Planned[103][84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Kourou flight 5)	Communications
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned[107]	GLONASS-K2 No.2 (2xx)	Navigation
2021	Soyuz-2.1b	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[69]	Resurs-P No.5	Earth observation
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 8)	Communications
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 9)	Communications
TBD	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Baikonur Site 31/6	Planned[84]	OneWeb × 34–36 (Baikonur flight 10)	Communications
March 2022	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Plesetsk Site 43/4	Planned[102]	GLONASS-K2 No.1 (2xx)	Navigation
June 2022	Soyuz ST-B Fregat-MT	Kourou ELS	Scheduled[109]	EarthCARE	Climate science for ESA and JAXA
2022 (TBD)	Soyuz-2.1b Fregat-M	Kourou ELS	Planned[103]	Euclid	Cosmology
2022	Soyuz-2.1b	Baikonur Site 31/6	Scheduled[69]	Progress M-UM	ISS assembly (Uzlovoy Module)

See also

• Soyuz programme
• List of R-7 launches

Notes

Manojsuthar

1. 200 km (110 nmi) circular LEO 51.8° inclination from Baikonur
2. 820 km (440 nmi) SSO (with Fregat from Kourou)
3. 1,500 m/s (4,900 ft/s) ΔV deficit GTO (with Fregat from Kourou)

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107. Peslyak, Alexey (1 November 2017). Производитель "Глонасс": в 2021 году создадим импортонезависимый спутник [GLONASS designer: we will create a completely Russian satellite by 2021] (in Russian). TASS. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
108. Krebs, Gunter. "Luna-Glob (Luna 25)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
109. "Arianespace and ESA announce EarthCare launch contract". Arianespace (Press release). 28 October 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.

External links

• Encyclopedia Astronautica article on Soyuz 2.1
• Encyclopedia Astronautica article on Soyuz 2.1/Fregat
• European Space Agency about Soyuz-ST (Russian name Soyuz-STK)
• Soyuz User's Manual, from Starsem
• Soyuz-2 launch vehicle, Russian Federal Space Agency