Southeast Asian Games

The Southeast Asian Games, also known as the SEA Games (SEAG), is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games are under the regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA).

Southeast Asian Games
The Southeast Asian Games Federation logo
AbbreviationSEA Games
First event1959 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games in Bangkok, Thailand
Occur every2 years (every odd year)
Next event2021 Southeast Asian Games in Hanoi, Vietnam
PurposeMulti sport event for nations on the Southeast Asian subcontinent
HeadquartersBangkok, Thailand
PresidentCharouck Arirachakaran
WebsiteSEAGFOffice.org

The Southeast Asian Games is one of the five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). The others are the Central Asian Games, the East Asian Youth Games, the South Asian Games, and the West Asian Games.[1]

History

The Southeast Asian Games owes its origins to the South East Asian Peninsular Games or SEAP Games. On 22 May 1958, delegates from the countries in Southeast Asian Peninsula attending the Asian Games in Tokyo, Japan had a meeting and agreed to establish a sports organization. The SEAP Games was conceptualized by Luang Sukhum Nayaoradit, then Vice-President of the Thailand Olympic Committee. The proposed rationale was that a regional sports event will help promote co-operation, understanding, and relations among countries in the Southeast Asian region.

Six countries, Burma (now Myanmar), Kampuchea (now Cambodia), Laos, Malaya (now Malaysia), Thailand and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) were the founding members. These countries agreed to hold the Games biennially in June 1959 and the SEAP Games Federation Committee was formed thereafter.[2]

The first SEAP Games were held in Bangkok from 12–17 December 1959, more than 527 athletes and officials from Burma (now Myanmar), Laos, Malaya (now Malaysia), Singapore, South Vietnam and Thailand participated in 12 sports.

At the 8th SEAP Games in 1975, the SEAP Federation considered the inclusion of Brunei, Indonesia, and the Philippines. These countries were formally admitted in 1977, the same year when SEAP Federation changed their name to the Southeast Asian Games Federation (SEAGF), and the games were known as the Southeast Asian Games. East Timor was admitted at the 22nd Southeast Asian Games in Vietnam.

The 2009 Southeast Asian Games was the first time Laos has ever hosted a Southeast Asian Games (Laos had previously declined to host the 1965 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games citing financial difficulties). Running from 9–18 December, it has also commemorated the 50 years of the Southeast Asian Games, held in Vientiane, Laos.

The Southeast Asian Games logo was introduced during the 1959 edition in Bangkok, depicting six rings that represent the six founding members and was used until the 1997 edition in Jakarta. The number of rings increased to 10 during the 1999 edition in Brunei to reflect the inclusion of Singapore which was admitted into the Southeast Asian Games Federation in 1961 and Brunei, Indonesia, and the Philippines which joined the organization in 1977. The number of rings was again increased to 11 during the 2011 games in Indonesia to reflect the federation's newest member, East Timor which was admitted in 2003.

Participating NOCs
NOC NamesFormal NamesDebutedIOC codeOther codes used
 BruneiNation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace1977BRUBRN (ISO)
 CambodiaKingdom of Cambodia1961CAMKHM (1972–1976, ISO)
 IndonesiaRepublic of Indonesia1977INAIHO (1952), IDN (FIFA, ISO)
 LaosLao People's Democratic Republic1959LAO
 MalaysiaFederation of Malaysia1959MASMAL (1952 − 1988), MYS (ISO)
 MyanmarRepublic of the Union of Myanmar1959MYABIR (1948 – 1988), MMR (ISO)
 PhilippinesRepublic of the Philippines1977PHIPHL (ISO)
 SingaporeRepublic of Singapore1959SGPSIN (1959 – 2016)
 ThailandKingdom of Thailand1959THA
 Timor-LesteDemocratic Republic of Timor-Leste2003TLSIOA (2000)
 VietnamSocialist Republic of Vietnam1959VIEVET (1964), VNM (1968–1976, ISO)

Host nations and cities
Main article: List of Southeast Asian Games host cities

Since the Southeast Asian Games began in 1959, it has been held in 15 cities across all Southeast Asian countries except Cambodia and East Timor.

Location of the Southeast Asian Games host
Games Year Host country Host city Opened by Office of opener Date Sports Events Nations Competitors Top-ranked team Ref
Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
1 1959  Thailand Bangkok Bhumibol Adulyadej King 12–17 December 12N/A6518  Thailand (THA)
2 1961  Burma Yangon Win Maung President 11–16 December 13N/A7623  Burma (BIR)
1963 Awarded to Cambodia, cancelled due to domestic political situation
3 1965  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ismail Nasiruddin Yang di-Pertuan Agong 14–21 December 14N/A6963  Thailand (THA)
4 1967  Thailand Bangkok Bhumibol Adulyadej King 9–16 December 16N/A6984  Thailand (THA)
5 1969  Burma Yangon Ne Win President 6–13 December 15N/A6920  Burma (BIR)
6 1971  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Abdul Halim Yang di-Pertuan Agong 6–13 December 15N/A7957  Thailand (THA)
7 1973  Singapore Singapore Benjamin Sheares President 1–8 September 16N/A71632  Thailand (THA)
8 1975  Thailand Bangkok Bhumibol Adulyadej King 9–16 December 18N/A41142  Thailand (THA)
Southeast Asian Games
9 1977  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Yahya Petra Yang di-Pertuan Agong 19–26 November 18N/A7N/A  Indonesia (INA)
10 1979  Indonesia Jakarta Suharto President 21–30 September 18N/A7N/A  Indonesia (INA)
11 1981  Philippines Manila Ferdinand Marcos President 6–15 December 18N/A7≈1800  Indonesia (INA)
12 1983  Singapore Singapore Devan Nair President 28 May – 6 June 18N/A8N/A  Indonesia (INA)
13 1985  Thailand Bangkok Bhumibol Adulyadej King 8–17 December 18N/A8N/A  Thailand (THA)
14 1987  Indonesia Jakarta Suharto President 9–20 September 26N/A8N/A  Indonesia (INA)
15 1989  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Azlan Shah Yang di-Pertuan Agong 20–31 August 24N/A9≈2800  Indonesia (INA)
16 1991  Philippines Manila Corazon Aquino President 24 November – 3 December 28N/A9N/A  Indonesia (INA)
17 1993  Singapore Singapore Wee Kim Wee President 12–20 June 29N/A9≈3000  Indonesia (INA)
18 1995  Thailand Chiang Mai Vajiralongkorn Crown Prince 9–17 December 28N/A103262  Thailand (THA)
19 1997  Indonesia Jakarta Suharto President 11–19 October 36490105179  Indonesia (INA)
20 1999  Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Hassanal Bolkiah Sultan 7–15 August 21233102365  Thailand (THA)
21 2001  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Salahuddin Yang di-Pertuan Agong 8–17 September 32391104165  Malaysia (MAS)
22 2003  Vietnam Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City Phan Văn Khải Prime Minister 5–13 December 3244211≈5000  Vietnam (VIE)
23 2005  Philippines Manila Gloria Macapagal Arroyo President 27 November – 5 December 40443115336  Philippines (PHI)
24 2007  Thailand Nakhon Ratchasima Vajiralongkorn Crown Prince 6–15 December 43475115282  Thailand (THA)
25 2009  Laos Vientiane Choummaly Sayasone President 9–18 December 29372113100  Thailand (THA)
26 2011  Indonesia Jakarta and Palembang Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono President 11–22 November 44545115965  Indonesia (INA)
27 2013  Myanmar Naypyidaw Nyan Tun Vice President 11–22 December 37460114730  Thailand (THA)
28 2015  Singapore Singapore Tony Tan President 5–16 June 36402114370  Thailand (THA)
29 2017  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Muhammad V Yang di-Pertuan Agong 19–30 August 38404114709  Malaysia (MAS)
30 2019  Philippines VariousA Rodrigo Duterte President 30 November – 11 December 56530115630  Philippines (PHI)
31 2021  Vietnam Hanoi Future event 21 November — 2 December Future event
32 2023  Cambodia Phnom Penh Future event 5—15 May Future event
33 2025  Thailand Chonburi Future event

Note: A The 2019 Southeast Asian Games is the first officially decentralized games. While games were held in various cities, mostly in the Clark, Metro Manila and the Subic Bay areas, there is no designated host city for this edition alternately known as "Philippines 2019".

The 1963 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games were canceled. As the designated host, Cambodia was not able to host the event due to unsettling in-country conditions, along with a disagreement with the International Amateur Athletic Federation. The 3rd SEAP Games then passed to Laos as hosts, but they begged off the 1965 event citing financial difficulties.[3]

Sports
Main article: Southeast Asian Games sports

According to the SEAGF Charter and Rules, a host nation must stage a minimum of 22 sports: the two compulsory sports from Category 1 (athletics and aquatics), in addition to a minimum of 14 sports from Category 2 (olympic and asian games mandatory sports), and a maximum of 8 sports from Category 3 (shaded grey in the table below). Each sport shall not offer more than 5% of the total medal tally, except for athletics, aquatics and shooting (the shot was elevated for this category in 2013). For each sport and event to be included, a minimum of four countries must participate in it. Sports competed in the Olympic Games and Asian Games must be given priority.[2][4]

SportYears
Archery1977–1997, since 2001
Arnis1991, 2005, 2019
AthleticsAll
BadmintonAll
Baseball2005–2007, 2011, since 2019
Basketball1979–2003, 2007, since 2011
Billiards and snookerSince 1991
Bodybuilding1987–1993, 1997, 2003–2007,
2013
Bowling1977–1979, 1983–2001,
2005–2007, 2011, since 2015
BoxingAll
Canoeing1985, 1995, 2001, 2005–2007,
2011–2015, since 2019
Chess2003–2005, 2011–2013, since 2019
Chinlone2013 only
Contract bridge2011 only
Cricket2017 only
Cycling1959-1979, since 1983
Dancesport2005–2009, since 2019
DivingSince 1965
DuathlonSince 2019
eSportsSince 2019
Equestrian1983, 1995, 2001, 2005–2007,
2011–2017
Fencing1974–1978, since 1986
Field hockey1971–1979, 1983, 1987–1989,
1993–2001, 2007, 2013–2017
Figure skatingSince 2017
Fin swimming2003, 2009–2011
Floorball2015, 2019
FootballAll
Futsal2007, 2011–2013, 2017
Golf1985–1997, 2001, since 2005
Gymnastics1979–1981, 1985–1997,
2001–2007, 2011, since 2015
Handball2005–2007
Beach handballSince 2019
Ice hockeySince 2017
Indoor hockeySince 2017
Ju-jitsuSince 2019
Judo1967–1997, since 2001
Karate1985–1991, 1995–1997,
2001–2013, 2017
Kenpō2011–2013
SportYears
KickboxingSince 2019
KurashSince 2019
Lawn bowls1997, 2001, 2005–2007, Since 2017
Modern pentathlonSince 2019
Muay thai2005–2009, 2013, Since 2019
Netball2001, since 2015
Obstacle racingSince 2019
Paragliding2011 only
Pencak silat1987–1989, 1993–1997,
since 2001
PétanqueSince 2001
Polo2007, Since 2017
Roller sports2011 only
Rowing1989–1991, 1997, 2001–2007,
2011–2015, since 2019
Rugby union1969, 1977–1979, 1995, 2007
Rugby sevensSince 2015
Sailing1961, 1967–1971, 1975–1977,
1983–1997, 2001, 2005–2007,
since 2011
SamboSince 2019
Sepak takraw1967–1969, since 1973
ShootingAll
Short track speed skatingsince 2017
Shuttle cock2007–2009
SkateboardingSince 2019
Sport climbing2011 only
Softball1981–1983, 1989, 2003–2005,
2011, 2015, since 2019
Soft tennis2011, since 2019
Squash1991–2001, 2005–2007,
since 2015
SwimmingAll
SurfingSince 2019
Synchronized swimming2001, 2011, since 2015
Table tennisAll
TaekwondoSince 1985
Tennis1959–2011, since 2015
Traditional boat race1993, 1997–1999,
2003–2007, 2011–2015
Triathlon2005–2007, since 2015
Volleyball1959–1997, since 2001
Vovinam2011–2013
Water polo1965–2017
Water skiing1987, 1997, 2011, 2015–2017
WakeboardingSince 2019
Weightlifting1959–1997, 2001–2013, since 2017
Wrestling1987, 1997, 2003–2013, since 2019
Wushu1991–1993, 1997, since 2001

All-time medal table

Corrected after balancing the data of the Olympic Council of Asia and other archived sites which had kept the previous Southeast Asian Games medal tables. Some information from the aforementioned sites are missing, incorrect and or not updated.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

All-time Southeast Asian Games medal table[1]
RankNOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Thailand (THA)1885193019435758
2 Indonesia (INA)1824170317805307
3 Malaysia (MAS)[2]1303127316854261
4 Philippines (PHI)1067119314773737
5 Singapore (SGP)947100213633312
6 Vietnam (VIE)[3]9289679912886
7 Myanmar (MYA)[4]5647419922297
8 Cambodia (CAM)[5]69115258442
9 Laos (LAO)6993319481
10 Brunei (BRU)1455163232
11 East Timor (TLS)362635
Totals (11 NOCs)867390781099728748

  • ^[1] - 2017 Southeast Asian Games medal counts are not yet included in these medal standings due to ongoing doping cases during those games
  • ^[2] – Competed as Malaya in the inaugural games until 1961.
  • ^[3] – The Republic of Vietnam was dissolved in July 1976 when it merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to become the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, also known as Vietnam. Therefore, the medal counts for this country are considered to be as until 1975. In the 1989 edition, a unified Vietnam rejoined the games with a new name and flag. Medals won by South Vietnam are already combined here. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) does not use codes for South Vietnam anymore after the unification with North Vietnam.
  • ^[4] – Competed as Burma until 1987.
    •
  • ^[5] – Competed as Kampuchea, and Khmer Republic.

List of multiple Southeast Asian Games medalists
Main article: List of multiple Southeast Asian Games medalists

Various individuals have won multiple medals at the Games, including the preceding Southeast Asian Peninsular Games.

As of 2019, Singaporean swimmer Joscelin Yeo has won the most Southeast Asian Games medals with 55 (40 gold, 12 silver, 3 bronze). She reached this milestone during the 2005 Games, overtaking the previous record of 39 gold medals set by another Singaporean swimmer Patricia Chan.

Criticism

The games are unique in that it has no official limits to the number of sports and events to be contested, and the range can be decided by the organizing host pending approval by the Southeast Asian Games Federation. Aside from mandatory sports the host is free to drop or introduce other sports or events.[12]

This leeway has resulted in hosts maximizing their medal hauls by dropping sports disadvantageous to themselves relative to their peers and the introduction of obscure sports, often at short notice, thus preventing most other nations from building credible opponents. Examples of these include:

gollark: I'll try SPUDNET.
gollark: Cross-origin websockets go through fine.
gollark: That shouldn't be it actually, it's reverse proxied and I can access the thing itself fine.
gollark: Hmm, this might be some kind of IPv6 thing somehow?
gollark: I just get a cryptic error.

See also

References
  1. Games page of the website of the Olympic Council of Asia; retrieved 2010-07-09.
  2. "South East Asian Games Federation: Charter and Rules" (PDF). SEAGF. 30 May 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  3. "History of the SEA Games". www.olympic.org.my. Archived from the original on 17 December 2004. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  4. Ian De Cotta (5 June 2015). "A cool addition to the SEA Games". Today Online. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  5. "South East Asian Games Medal Count". Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  6. SEAP Games Federation
  7. Medal Tally 1959-1995
  8. Medal Tally
  9. History of the SEA Games
  10. SEA Games previous medal table
  11. SEA Games members
  12. Pattharapong Rattanasevee (21 July 2017). "Southeast Asian Games yet to win gold for sporting spirit". South China Morning Post.
  13. Sports. "VietNamNet - SEA Games or a village festival | SEA Games or a village festival". English.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
  14. HS Manjunath (10 December 2013). "Cambodia eye record medal haul". The Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  15. "4 new sports we can now watch in 2017 SEA Games". Red Bull. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
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