Sandy Springs, Georgia

Sandy Springs is a city in northern Fulton County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, Sandy Springs had a population of 93,853,[8] and its 2019 estimated population was 109,452.[9] Sandy Springs is Georgia's seventh-largest city (just after Athens) and is the site of several corporate headquarters (though many are assigned "Atlanta" mailing addresses) such as UPS, Inspire Brands, Cox Communications, and Mercedes-Benz USA's corporate offices.

"Sandy Springs" redirects here. For other uses, see Sandy Springs (disambiguation).

Sandy Springs, Georgia
City
City of Sandy Springs
The contemporary skyline of Sandy Springs is dominated by the Concourse office towers.
Location in Fulton County and the state of Georgia
Sandy Springs
Sandy Springs location in Metro Atlanta
Coordinates: 33°56′15″N 84°22′7″W
CountryUnited States
StateGeorgia
CountyFulton
IncorporatedDecember 2005[1]
Government
 • MayorRusty Paul[2]
 • City ManagerJohn F. McDonough[3]
Area
 • Total38.52 sq mi (99.76 km2)
 • Land37.65 sq mi (97.52 km2)
 • Water0.86 sq mi (2.24 km2)
Elevation
1,093 ft (333 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total93,853
 • Estimate 
(2019)[5]
109,452
 • Density2,906.78/sq mi (1,122.32/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
30328, 30327, 30338, 30342, 30350, 30358, 30319, 30092[6]
Area code404/678/770/470
FIPS code13-68516
GNIS feature ID0332975[7]
Websitewww.sandyspringsga.gov

History

Human settlement in the area can be traced back to approximately 400 CE, when Native Americans in the area forged three trails to better access the area's freshwater springs.[10] During the 16th century, the Creek Muskogee tribe settled the area, where they remained until the early 1800s, when they were forced out of the area due to the discovery of gold in it.[10]

In 1821, the federal government held a number of land lotteries in the area, resulting in the purchase of land in present-day Sandy Springs and subsequent settlement of the land.[10] The Austin-Johnson House, the oldest unaltered house in the town, was built in 1842 on what is now Johnson Ferry Road.[10] In 1851, Wilson Spruill donated 5 acres (2.0 ha) of land for the founding of the Sandy Springs United Methodist Church, near the natural spring for which the city is named. In 1905, the Hammond School was built at Johnson Ferry Road and Mt. Vernon Highway, across the street from the church.

20th century

Annexation Attempts

In 1950, the state legislature blocked Atlanta from annexing the community, which remained rural until the Interstate Highway System was authorized by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. In 1959, after a fire at Hammond Elementary School, William Hartsfield, the mayor of Atlanta, urged residents to support annexation so that the area would have better firefighting protection. Community opposition killed the proposal. In the early 1960s, Georgia 400 and Interstate 285 were constructed, connecting Sandy Springs to metro Atlanta and initiating a housing boom that brought new residents and major land development as part of the white flight from Atlanta after the Civil Rights Movement won greater racial integration within Atlanta.[11] In 1965, Hartsfield once again proposed the annexation of the Sandy Springs area.[11] Spokesmen for Sandy Springs promised residents to "build up a city separate from Atlanta and your Negroes and forbid any Negroes to buy, or own, or live within our limits" should they reject annexation.[11] In 1966, annexation by Atlanta was defeated in a referendum, with two-thirds voting against.

Early incorporation efforts

Efforts to incorporate Sandy Springs began in 1966 in response to attempts by the city of Atlanta to annex this unincorporated area of north Fulton County. In the early 1970s, the city of Atlanta attempted to use a state law to force annexation of Sandy Springs, which failed after the Supreme Court of Georgia ruled that the law was unconstitutional.[10] In response, a group of residents formed the Committee for Sandy Springs 1975 to lobby for the incorporation of Sandy Springs.[10] During this time, proponents for an incorporated Sandy Springs argued that their taxes were disproportionately going to other, largely non-white, communities in Fulton County.[12] In every legislative session, state legislators representing the area introduced a bill in the Georgia General Assembly to authorize a referendum on incorporation.[10] Legislators representing Atlanta and southwestern Fulton County, who feared that tax revenue would be lost from incorporation, blocked the bills,[10] using the procedural requirement that all local legislation be approved first by a delegation of representatives from the affected area.

In 1989, a push was made for Sandy Springs to join neighboring Chattahoochee Plantation in Cobb County. This move was blocked by Speaker Tom Murphy.

1990s

In 1991, the Georgia state government determined that Sandy Springs, along with other wealthier, and predominantly white, communities in Fulton County was being taxed below statewide minimums, resulting in an increase in taxes for the area.[12] Some Sandy Springs residents, including Mitch Skandalakis, launched a number of campaigns against the taxes, and launched an unsuccessful lawsuit against the state.[12]

On January 16, 1997, Eric Rudolph bombed an abortion clinic in Sandy Springs.[13][14]

21st century

Incorporation

When the Republican Party gained a majority in both houses of the Georgia General Assembly in 2005, the procedural rules previously used to prevent a vote by the full chamber were changed so that the bill was handled as a state bill and not as a local bill. The assembly also repealed the requirement that new cities must be at least 3 miles (4.8 km) from existing cities that had stymied previous attempts to incorporate due to Sandy Springs directly bordering both Roswell and Atlanta. The bill allowing for a referendum on incorporation was introduced and passed as HB 37.[15] The referendum initiative was approved by the Assembly and signed by Governor Sonny Perdue.

Many residents expressed displeasure with county services, claiming, based upon financial information provided by the county, that the county was redistributing revenues to fund services in less financially stable areas of the county, ignoring local opposition to rezoning, and allowing excessive development. Many residents of unincorporated and less-developed south Fulton County strongly opposed incorporation, fearing the loss of tax revenues which fund county services. County residents outside Sandy Springs were not allowed to vote on the matter. Efforts such as requesting the U.S. Justice Department to reject the plan were unsuccessful.

The referendum was held on June 21, 2005, and residents voted 94% in favor of incorporation.[10] In November 2005, voters returned to the polls to elect a mayor and six city council members. Eva Galambos, who had initiated and led the charge for incorporation, was elected mayor. Formal incorporation occurred on December 1, making Sandy Springs the third-largest city ever to incorporate in the U.S.[1] The city's police force and fire department began service in 2006.

Upon incorporation, Sandy Springs initiated a non-traditional approach by operating as a public-private partnership (PPP), with all but six full-time employees being contracted.[16]

Post-incorporation

In 2010, the city undertook a procurement process to rebid all general city services, which was won by CH2M Hill.[16] The timing of this contract, during the Great Recession, allowed the city to leverage a cheaper contract due to the economic downturn.[16]

In 2010, the city became the first jurisdiction in Georgia to successfully "bail out" from the preclearance requirements of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act.[17]

In 2019, the Sandy Springs City Council moved to scale back the PPP model, directly hiring 183 contract employees, leaving only 15 outsourced full-time workers by the end of 2019.[18] The city will still outsource a number of services, including the city attorney's office, as well as security, street sweeping and ambulance services.[18] The move is expected to save $2.7 million in the next year and more than $14 million over 5 years.[16][18]

Geography

The boundaries of Sandy Springs are Atlanta to the south, Cobb County (at the Chattahoochee River) to the west and north, Roswell (also at the river) to the north, and Dunwoody and Brookhaven, at the DeKalb County line, to the east. A small panhandle in the northeast extends between the Chattahoochee River to the north and Dunwoody to the south, ending in a very small border with Peachtree Corners in the extreme western edge of Gwinnett County.

Climate

Sandy Springs has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). During January and February 2014, the Atlanta area, including Sandy Springs, experienced a severe snow storm and a severe ice storm, both of which left much of the region without power, caused major travel disruptions, and the former storm forced people to take shelter in cars and schools.[19]

Climate data for Sandy Springs
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 75
(24)		 80
(27)		 88
(31)		 91
(33)		 95
(35)		 101
(38)		 102
(39)		 101
(38)		 98
(37)		 88
(31)		 84
(29)		 76
(24)		 102
(39)
Average high °F (°C) 50
(10)		 55
(13)		 63
(17)		 71
(22)		 78
(26)		 84
(29)		 88
(31)		 86
(30)		 81
(27)		 72
(22)		 62
(17)		 53
(12)		 70
(21)
Average low °F (°C) 29
(−2)		 32
(0)		 38
(3)		 45
(7)		 54
(12)		 62
(17)		 67
(19)		 66
(19)		 60
(16)		 47
(8)		 39
(4)		 32
(0)		 48
(9)
Record low °F (°C) −10
(−23)		 1
(−17)		 6
(−14)		 24
(−4)		 31
(−1)		 40
(4)		 48
(9)		 50
(10)		 28
(−2)		 25
(−4)		 10
(−12)		 −1
(−18)		 −10
(−23)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 5.34
(136)		 4.78
(121)		 5.52
(140)		 4.04
(103)		 4.63
(118)		 3.66
(93)		 4.17
(106)		 4.32
(110)		 3.87
(98)		 3.58
(91)		 3.73
(95)		 4.18
(106)		 51.82
(1,316)
Source: [20]

Neighborhoods
Northside Tower, a downtown landmark at Sandy Springs Place and Roswell Road
The skyline of Pill Hill in the Sandy Springs portion of Perimeter Center

Downtown

In the absence of a traditional downtown, city leaders created City Springs, a multi-use development containing municipal offices, residential, retail, green space and a performing arts center, landmarking a formal "downtown" for its residents.[21] The center opened in 2018, located between Roswell Road, Johnson Ferry Road, and Mount Vernon Highway.[21] The official address for the complex is on Galambos Way, named after the city's first mayor, Eva Galambos.[21] Within the City Springs district is Heritage Green, which is home to the spring which spurred the name of the city. City leaders purchased the property in 2008, which was once the site of a former Target (formerly Richway) shopping center.

Riverside

Riverside is the western district of the city, bordering the Chattahoochee River and forming the western border with Cobb County. It is a residential area marked by winding, hilly roads. The main roads are Heards Ferry Road and Riverside Drive, and it is located off the Riverside Drive exit of I-285.[22]

Panhandle

The Panhandle is a residential area bounded by the Dunwoody city limit to the south, the Chattahoochee River to the north, Georgia 400 to the west, and Peachtree Corners city limit to the east. The district's name is derived from the fact that it is wedged between the river and Dunwoody, forming a geographic panhandle. Major roads include Dunwoody Club Drive and Spalding Drive, and Interstate access is through the Northridge Road exit of Georgia 400. Many who lived in the neighborhood during Sandy Springs' incorporation considered themselves part of Dunwoody, and voiced their opposition to the installment of street sign toppers labelled "Sandy Springs".[23] During this time, the area also resisted being within the city limits, with residents stating that they considered themselves Dunwoody. Then-mayor Eva Galambos stated that these new signs would do nothing to diminish the neighborhood's identity.[23]

Perimeter Center

Perimeter Center is a commercial edge city and business district surrounding Perimeter Mall. Although about 40% of Perimeter Center, including the mall, is located in Dunwoody, the western 60%, including most of the area's office towers, are located in Sandy Springs. Pill Hill is located in the Sandy Springs section of Perimeter Center, and is the largest medical center in Georgia. It includes Northside Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. More than 40% of the hospital beds in the metro area are located within Sandy Springs. Landmarks include Hammond Park and the Sandy Springs and Medical Center MARTA stations.[24]

North Springs

North Springs is the large northernmost area of the city, and is generally defined as the area west of Georgia 400, east of Brandon Mill Road and the Chattahoochee River, and north of Abernathy Road. The North Springs MARTA station, the terminus of the MARTA Red Line, serves the district.[25][26][27]

Sandy Springs ITP

Sandy Springs ITP, an acronym for "inside the perimeter", refers to a portion of the city which extends south of Interstate 285, colloquially referred to as "the perimeter".[28][29] The neighborhood is regarded as more affluent than its northern neighbors by some who live in the city.[28]

Powers Ferry Landing

The business district just east of the river crossing is called Powers Ferry Landing, located where Northside Drive crosses the road, just east of the former landing. This provides freeway access at Northside Drive (west ramps) and New Northside Drive (east ramps, road and ramps built in a 1990s reconstruction). Signage on the freeway indicates Powers Ferry Road, Northside Drive, and New Northside Drive.[30]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
198046,877—
199067,84244.7%
200085,78126.4%
201093,8539.4%
Est. 2019109,452[5]16.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[31][32]
2018 Estimate[33]

(Note: the 2000 census numbers are for Sandy Springs prior to incorporation, but cover the same area.)

In the official 2010 census, the population of Sandy Springs was 93,853. There were 42,334 households. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 65.0% white, 20.0% black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 5.0% Asian, 6.9% from some other race and 2.7% from two or more races. 14.2% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.[34]

In the preceding official census of 2000, when there were 85,781 people, 39,288 households, and 19,683 families residing in the CDP, the population density was 2,274.1 people per square mile (878.1/km2). There were 42,794 housing units at an average density of 1,134.5 per square mile (438.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 77.55% White, 12.04% African American, 0.18% Native American, 3.29% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 4.94% from other races, and 1.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.93% of the population. According to a 2006 report by the Atlanta Jewish Federation, 15,300 Jews reside in Sandy Springs and the adjacent city of Dunwoody.[35]

There were 48,288 households, out of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.1% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.9% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 17.8% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 40.3% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

According to a 2008 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $106,240, and the median income for a family was $129,810. The average income for a household was $116,406 and the average income for a family was $169,815. Males had a median income of $60,053 versus $50,030 for females. About 3.1% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 1.9% of those age 65 or over.[36][37]

Arts and culture

Annual festivals

Sandy Springs offers a host of annual events each year.

The Sandy Springs Festival is the largest community event in Sandy Springs, with approximately 30,000 attendees. Established in 1984, the annual festival celebrated its 30th year in 2015. The festival features a juried artist's market, civic and business expo, performances by regional acts and community bands, a children's area with crafts and activities, a teen territory with bungee jumps and inflatables, the annual Kiwanis Pet Parade, the annual Doug Kessler Lighting 10K/5K race, and a food court. The festival serves as the primary fundraiser for Heritage Sandy Springs, a nonprofit dedicated to building community through preserving and promoting the historic and cultural identity of Sandy Springs. Heritage Sandy Springs also maintains Heritage Green, a 4-acre (1.6 ha) park in the heart of Sandy Springs. The most recent festival was held September 19–20, 2015.[38] The next upcoming festival is Saturday September 22, 2018 - Sunday September 23, 2018.[39]

Sandy Springs Artapalooza is a free fine arts festival held each year in Sandy Springs. Each year 125 to 150 notable artists from across the country have the opportunity to participate. Organizers of the event include the Georgia Foundation for Public Spaces and ArtsSpring, two groups that are dedicated to bringing free arts programs to the community.[40]

Stars and Stripes Celebration is an annual community fireworks display held over the July 4 holiday at the Concourse Corporate Center. The community gathers on the Concourse lawn for fireworks and live music.[41]

The annual Chattahoochee River Summer Splash, held in July, is a 6-mile (10 km) float along the Chattahoochee River, beginning at Morgan Falls Dam and finishing at Cochran Shoals-Powers Island National Recreation Area. After completing the float, participants can enjoy an afternoon of live music, food and fun during festivities at Powers Island. Guests can bring their own kayaks, canoes, or rafts, or rent them from several local outfitters.

Points of interest

The Heritage Sandy Springs Museum opened on March 20, 2010. It is dedicated to the history of the Sandy Springs community and is located in the repurposed Williams-Payne house at Heritage Green. Two notable exhibits are "Sandy Springs: Land and People", which tells the changing story of Sandy Springs as the home of Native Americans, rural farmers, and modern suburbanites; and "A Land Nearby", which features a collection of 20 photographs of Georgia's Barrier Island taken by Dr. Curt Hames Jr.

Sandy Springs also has a museum devoted to Anne Frank.

Parks
Bull Sluice Lake, located in Morgan Falls Overlook Park
Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area

Sandy Springs' sixteen parks and greenspaces offer more than 950 acres (380 ha) of parkland.[42]

  • Abernathy Greenway - The 6.6-acre linear park opened in 2014. The playable art structures were created as part of an international competition developed by the Sandy Springs Conservancy and Art Sandy Springs and sponsored by Northside Hospital.
  • Heritage Green - a 4-acre (1.6 ha) park at the center of Sandy Springs' new downtown development. It is the site of the original underground springs for which the city is named and is anchored by the Heritage Sandy Springs Museum. It is operated and managed by Heritage Sandy Springs, a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization dedicated to building community through preserving and promoting the historic and cultural identity of Sandy Springs. Heritage Sandy Springs presents a full calendar of public programs and events, including the Sandy Springs Festival, museum exhibits, lectures and programs, three concert series, children's educational and enrichment programming, and community gardening programs.
  • Hammond Park - multipurpose building, gym, game room, AstroTurf soccer field, lighted tennis courts, basketball courts, picnic pavilions, playground, restrooms
  • Morgan Falls Overlook - picnic pavilions, children's playground, boat dock/fishing pier, hiking trail, fire pit, porch swings, scenic views, restrooms
  • Morgan Falls Athletic Complex - baseball and softball fields, football fields, picnic pavilions, playgrounds, concessions stand, restrooms
  • Sandy Springs Tennis Center - Clubhouse, pro shop, restrooms, locker rooms, lighted tennis courts, jogging trail
  • Abernathy Park - Tennis courts, playground, picnic tables, arts center
  • Allen - playground, multipurpose court, walking trail, basketball court
  • John Ripley Forbes Big Trees Forest Nature - trails, tree, plant and wildlife sanctuary[43]
  • Ridgeview - nature trails, picnic pavilion, playground
  • Abernathy Greenway - currently the city's newest park; a linear park opened in 2014; features playable art sculpture
  • Windsor Meadows - benches and trails located at the intersection of Windsor Parkway and Northland Drive by Nancy Creek

Government

Officials
  • Mayor: Rusty Paul
  • District 1: John Paulson
  • District 2: Steve Soteres
  • District 3: Chris Burnett
  • District 4: Jodi Reichel
  • District 5: Tiberio "Tibby" DeJulio
  • District 6: Andy Bauman
  • City Manager: John McDonough

Services

Sandy Springs is notable for contracting private companies to perform the majority of its services in a public-private partnership model of government.[44] While many governments contract with private-sector companies on a per-project basis, Sandy Springs is believed to be the first American city to outsource its services for the majority of ongoing operations. The city regularly hosts delegations from other governments that are interested in the model.[45] Services not outsourced include police, fire-rescue, and city management.

The city's police department took over services from Fulton County on July 1, 2006, with 86 police officers from all over the state of Georgia; it is now staffed by 137 officers. The city's fire department began operations in December 2006. The department consists of 97 full-time firefighters. The former police chief, Gene Wilson Jr., was replaced by Terry Sult in 2008 - 2013. Kenneth DeSimone was promoted to Chief in 2013. The fire department was headed by Chief Jack McElfish from 2005 - 2014. The fire department is today headed by Chief Keith Sanders. It is staffed by 91 full-time firefighters and 52 part-time firefighters. The police department answered 98,250 calls in FY 2010, while the fire department handled 17,000 responses to 8,205 calls for service.

The city of Sandy Springs has purchased the old Target Corporation building (originally Richway) located on the corner of Sandy Springs Circle and Johnson Ferry Road.[46] In May 2018, the new city hall opened after years of construction.[47]

Sandy Springs' model of public-private partnership has attracted considerable attention, with city leaders from across the country and around the globe, including China, Japan, Korea, Finland and others visiting Sandy Springs to learn about their model. Since the incorporation of Sandy Springs, several other municipalities in Georgia sought to replicate the city's style of governing, however, many of these municipalities significantly altered their model since then.[48]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools are operated by the Fulton County School System. Elementary schools serving sections of Sandy Springs include Dunwoody Springs Charter Elementary School, Heards Ferry Elementary School, High Point Elementary School, Ison Springs Elementary School, Lake Forest Elementary School, Spalding Drive Charter Elementary School, and Woodland Charter Elementary School.[49] Two middle schools, Sandy Springs Middle School and Ridgeview Charter Middle School, and two high schools, North Springs Charter School of Arts and Sciences and Riverwood High School, are in and serve Sandy Springs.

Private schools located in Sandy Springs include:

The initial campus of Sophia Academy, which opened in 1999, was on a rental property,[54] in what became Sandy Springs.[55][56] Construction on its new campus on what later became Chamblee began circa 2007.[54]

Public libraries

Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System operates the Sandy Springs Branch.[57]

Economy

The largest employers within Sandy Springs are hospitals, headquarters and regional offices from a variety of industries including computer related services, package delivery, telecommunications, media, and financial transaction processing.

Sandy Springs is home to three hospitals: Northside Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, comprising 40 percent of the hospital beds in the region.

Top employers

According to the city's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[58] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of employees
1 IBM Corp 3,152
2 Cox Communications 2,563
3 United Parcel Service 2,072
4 Cisco Systems 1.148
5 Manheim Auctions 1,136
6 VMware Inc. 1,100
7 Cox Enterprises 992
8 Intercontinental Exchange 928
9 Oracle USA 912
10 Global Payments, Inc. 763

Media

Some notable newspapers that cover areas of interest to Sandy Springs include the Sandy Springs Reporter,[59] Sandy Springs Neighbor[60] and The Atlanta Journal Constitution.[61] Two television series are recorded within the city: Auction Kings at Gallery 63 on Roswell Road, and Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta at Bridals by Lori on Hammond Drive. The Vampire Diaries series filmed scenes at Glenridge Hall, which is portrayed as the main characters' home.

Infrastructure

Major roads and expressways

Sandy Springs is served by two major limited-access highways, Georgia 400 − which runs north–south − and I-285 − which runs east–west. Major surface streets include Roswell Road (U.S. 19 south of I-285 and Georgia 9 entirely), Hammond Drive, Spalding Drive, Johnson Ferry Road, Abernathy Road, Glenridge Drive, and Dunwoody Club Drive.

Recently completed major road projects include the widening of Abernathy Road between Johnson Ferry and Roswell Roads from two lanes to four plus a road median. The western intersection has been reconfigured so that traffic to and from Johnson Ferry Road − which carries heavy loads of Cobb County commuters across the Chattahoochee River at rush hour − now flows directly with Abernathy to and from the northwest. Additionally, the Roswell Road bridge over I-285 has been widened to add a turn lane in each direction. There had previously been talk of a tunnel under the freeway to bypass the highway interchange altogether, however this proved to be much too expensive. Another state project is the addition of a half-diamond interchange to Georgia 400 on the north side of Hammond Drive, allowing southbound traffic to exit and northbound traffic to enter the highway. (Ramps on the south side were not possible due to the proximity of the 400/285 interchange.)

The city's public works department has made significant improvements in the conditions of roads and traffic signals since incorporation in December 2005. The department has cleaned approximately 1,500 catch basins, striped 30 miles (48 km) of roadway, responded to more than 2,000 calls for repair and service, re-timed hundreds of traffic lights to help improve the flow of traffic and reduce automobile idling, and repaved 60 mi (97 km) of roads.

The 2008 fiscal year saw the creation of the Sandy Springs Traffic Management Center (TMC). The TMC was constructed and began to operate in less than six months. Construction began in February 2008, five cameras viewed traffic along Roswell Road by the end of June. Special features of the TMC include a webpage that allows the public access to real-time traffic conditions and voice-activated controls. By June 2009, 16 traffic cameras are now available and can be viewed online at the city's website.[62]

Mass Transit

The major provider of mass transit is MARTA, which operates a heavy rail rapid transit line and several bus lines through Sandy Springs. The city is served by the Medical Center, Sandy Springs and North Springs stations. The Georgia Regional Transportation Authority also operates express buses from the North Springs station (which has its own ramps to and from 400) to other counties.

Pedestrians and cycling

The PATH400 Greenway Trail is a multi-use trail under construction along the Georgia 400 freeway in Atlanta. Once complete, it will run from Sandy Springs to the Atlanta BeltLine.[63][64]

Diplomatic missions

The city has three consulates general.[65] The Consulate-General of Nigeria in Atlanta[66] is located at 8060 Roswell Road.[67] The Counsulate-General of India is at 5549 Glenridge Drive.

Notable people

Sister cities
  • Western Galilee, Israel[71]
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gollark: Is C++ just Haskell 2086 misinterpreted a lot?
gollark: Who designed C++? *Was* C++ designed?
gollark: C++ has return type before *and* after the parameters?

References
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  3. City of Sandy Springs (2010). "City of Sandy Springs - City Manager's Office". Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
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  13. Bragg, Rick (January 17, 1997). "2 Bomb Blasts Rock Abortion Clinic at Atlanta; 6 Are Injured". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
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Further reading

Maps of the former census-designated place:

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