SS Oliver Ellsworth

SS Oliver Ellsworth was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Oliver Ellsworth, an American lawyer, judge, politician, and diplomat. He was a framer of the United States Constitution, a United States Senator from Connecticut, and the third Chief Justice of the United States.

SS Oliver Ellsworth
History
United States
Name: Oliver Ellsworth
Namesake: Oliver Ellsworth
Owner: War Shipping Administration (WSA)
Operator: Agwilines, Inc.
Ordered: as type (EC2-S-C1) hull, MCE hull 42
Awarded: 14 March 1941
Builder: Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland[1]
Cost: $1,051,644[2]
Yard number: 2029
Way number: 6
Laid down: 31 March 1942
Launched: 4 June 1942
Sponsored by: Miss Francis T. Civalina
Completed: 22 June 1942
Fate: Sunk by German submarine U-408, 13 September 1942
General characteristics [3]
Class and type:
Tonnage:
Displacement:
Length:
  • 441 feet 6 inches (135 m) oa
  • 416 feet (127 m) pp
  • 427 feet (130 m) lwl
Beam: 57 feet (17 m)
Draft: 27 ft 9.25 in (8.4646 m)
Installed power:
  • 2 × Oil fired 450 °F (232 °C) boilers, operating at 220 psi (1,500 kPa)
  • 2,500 hp (1,900 kW)
Propulsion:
  • 1 × triple-expansion steam engine,  (manufactured by Clark Bros. Co., Cleveland, Ohio)
  • 1 × screw propeller
Speed: 11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph)
Capacity:
  • 562,608 cubic feet (15,931 m3) (grain)
  • 499,573 cubic feet (14,146 m3) (bale)
Complement:
Armament:

Construction

Oliver Ellsworth was laid down on 31 March 1942, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MCE hull 42, by the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland; she was sponsored by Miss Francis T. Civalina, an Honor Student at Benjamin Franklin Junior High School, Brooklyn, Maryland, and was launched on 22 June 1942.[1][2]

History

She was allocated to A.H. Bull & Co., Inc., on 6 June 1942.[4]

Sinking
Main article: Convoy PQ 18

Oliver Ellsworth was just three months old when she was assigned to Convoy PQ 18, one of the Arctic convoys delivering supplies to the Soviet Union. She carried 7,200 long tons (7,300 t) of ammunition and aircraft as deck cargo. She was commanded by her Master, Otto Ernest Buford.[5]

On 13 September 1942, U-408, sighted the Convoy PQ 18, about 100 mi (160 km) southwest of Spitsbergen, and fired a spread of three torpedoes at 09:52. One of the torpedoes struck the Soviet merchant ship SS Stalingrad and ruptured her boiler. The other two torpedoes missed her, but one of them hit Oliver Ellsworth which had had to steer hard to port to avoid Stalingrad.[5]

The torpedo struck Oliver Ellsworth on her starboard side between holds #4 and #5. After immediately securing the engines, the crew of eight officers, 34 crewmen, and 28 Armed guards quickly abandoned the stricken ship in four lifeboats, due to fear of their cargo of ammunition exploding. Because Oliver Ellsworth continued her forward momentum, both starboard lifeboats were swamped and one of her port lifeboats struck a raft and sank. Within an hour the rescue ship Copeland and the A/S trawler HMS St. Kenan, had picked up all the survivors; they were later landed at Archangel. After the rescue, St. Kenan scuttled Oliver Ellsworth by firing several shells into the drifting wreck. She sank stern first near 75°52′N 7°55′E at 10:30. Out of a complement of 70, all had been rescued except for one Armed guard who drowned.[5]

Further reading
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gollark: Pong.
gollark: "No, I do not want to be corrected, for you are being *too smart*!"
gollark: ...
gollark: Maybe... don't insult people constantly?

References
  1. Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards 2008.
  2. MARCOM.
  3. Davies 2004, p. 23.
  4. MARAD.
  5. Uboat.

Bibliography
  • "Bethlehem-Fairfield, Baltimore MD". www.ShipbuildingHistory.com. 14 August 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  • Maritime Administration. "Oliver Ellsworth". Ship History Database Vessel Status Card. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  • Davies, James (May 2004). "Specifications (As-Built)" (PDF). p. 23. Retrieved 25 February 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • "SS Oliver Ellsworth". Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  • "Oliver Ellsworth". Retrieved 25 February 2020.


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