Rochefort, Nouvelle-Aquitaine

Rochefort (/ˈroʊʃfɔːrt/), also known as Rochefort-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: ​[ʁɔʃfɔʁ syʁ mɛʁ]), is a commune in southwestern France, a port on the Charente estuary. It is a sub-prefecture of the Charente-Maritime department.

Rochefort
Subprefecture and commune
The port in Rochefort
Coat of arms
Location of Rochefort
Rochefort
Rochefort
Coordinates: 45°56′32″N 0°57′32″W
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentCharente-Maritime
ArrondissementRochefort
CantonRochefort
IntercommunalityPays Rochefortais
Government
 • Mayor (2008–2014) Bernard Grasset
Area
1
21.95 km2 (8.47 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
24,151
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
17299 /17300
Elevation0–29 m (0–95 ft)
(avg. 5 m or 16 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
Rochefort (centre-right) seen from Spot Satellite
Rochefort arsenal, in 1690

History

In December 1665, Rochefort was chosen by Jean-Baptiste Colbert as a place of "refuge, defence and supply" for the French Navy. The Arsenal de Rochefort served as a naval base and dockyard until it closed in 1926.

In September 1757, Rochefort was the target of an ambitious British raid during the Seven Years' War.

Another infrastructure of early Rochefort from 1766 was its bagne, a high-security penal colony involving hard labour. Bagnes were then common fixtures in military harbors and naval bases, such as Toulon or Brest, because they provided free labor. During the Jacobin period of the French Revolution (1790–95), over 800 Roman Catholic priests and other clergy who refused to take the anti-Papal oath of the "Civil Constitution of the Clergy" were put aboard a fleet of prison ships in Rochefort harbour, where most died due to inhumane conditions.

Off Rochefort, from the island of Île-d'Aix where he had spent several days hoping to flee to America, Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to Captain F. L. Maitland aboard HMS Bellerophon, on 17 July 1815, ending the "Hundred Days".

Rochefort is a notable example of 17th-century "ville nouvelle" or new town, which means its design and building resulted from a political decree. The reason for building Rochefort was to a large extent that royal power could hardly depend on rebellious Protestant La Rochelle, which Cardinal Richelieu had to besiege a few decades earlier. Well into the 20th century, Rochefort remained primarily a garrison town. The tourist industry, which had long existed due to the town's spa, gained emphasis in the 1990s.

Population
Historical population
YearPop.±%
180614,615—    
182012,389−15.2%
187627,012+118.0%
190136,458+35.0%
191135,019−3.9%
192129,473−15.8%
193629,482+0.0%
194629,472−0.0%
YearPop.±%
195430,858+4.7%
196228,648−7.2%
196829,226+2.0%
197528,155−3.7%
198226,167−7.1%
199025,561−2.3%
199925,797+0.9%
200825,676−0.5%

Sights

Noteworthy buildings of the original naval establishment include:

  • a hospital, incorporating a School of Naval Medicine (now a museum)
  • the Arsenal with a monumental gateway and the National Navy Museum (Musée National de la Marine)
  • the Rope Factory (corderie), at over 370 metres long for centuries the longest manufacturing building in the world
  • three dry docks (radoubs) for shipbuilding and repair
  • a cannon foundry (not open to the public)

Other sights include:

  • a rare transporter bridge (pont transbordeur), consisting of a high level bridge containing a transport mechanism from which a ferry platform is suspended. This bridge, the Rochefort-Martrou transporter bridge, built in 1900, is the only remaining one in France and one of only eight such survivors world-wide
  • the municipal theatre (la Coupe d'Or)
  • the railway station
  • Saint-Louis church
  • Pierre Loti's house (closed indefinitely pending completion of renovation work)
  • Museums of Naval Aeronautics, old-time trades (Commerces d'Autrefois), and local archaeology (la Vieille Paroisse)
  • Conservatoire du Bégonia, the world's largest begonia collection
  • L'Hermione, a replica of a 1779 frigate completed in the town in 2014

Notable inhabitants

Rochefort was the birthplace of:

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Rochefort is twinned with:[2]

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gollark: Yes.
gollark: <@207126861271007232> Don't think of it as infection. Think of it as improvement.

See also

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. "Comité de Jumelage de Rochefort". rochefort.comite-jumelage.fr (in French). Comité de Jumelage de Rochefort. Retrieved 2019-11-20.
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