Road signs in Greece

Road signs in Greece, are regulated by the Ministry of Transport and the Hellenic Traffic Police, according to the Greek Highway Code.

Signs follow the general European conventions concerning the use of shape and colour, for every sign category. Signs indicating dangers are triangular with a red border, those giving orders are almost all circular (white on blue for mandatory instructions, black on white with a red border for prohibitions), and those providing information are rectangular. Most signs use pictograms to convey their particular meaning.

As is customary in European countries, all signs are partly or fully reflectorized or are provided with their own night-time illumination. Signs used for temporary regulations may have a yellow background colour.

Greek road signs depict people with realistic (as opposed to stylized) silhouettes. Also, all signs are identified by a Greece capital letter (for each category) and a number. Signs that indicate the same meaning but in a different direction have the same letter and number but are separated by a lowercase (eg, α, β, γ, δ, ... or α for left and δ for right)

History

Roman milestone (milliario) from Boeotia (2 century BC)

The history of road signaling in Greece dates back to Antiquity. The first road signaling included marble columns with the head of Hermes, protector of the wayfarers. Those signs were known known as "ἑρμαῖ" ("Hermai").[1] There were also milestones for measuring street length in stadions.[2] Similar columns were also used in Roman times, but had miles as a unit of measurement. Shortly after Greece's independence in 1836, an order was issued to place the first road signs in Greece. They were stone carved signs with distances between cities according to the metric system that was in force at the time.[3]

The first road signage on Greek roads with contemporary signs was made in 1924 by ELPA (Elliniki Leschi Periigiseon kai Aftokinitou, lit. translated: Hellenic Club of Tours and Car), [4] which took over the road network's signage until 1957, when it was taken over by the state. [5] The signs were subject to the provisions of the Geneva Protocol on Road Signs and Signals.

On July 25, 1962, and with Government Gazette A '110/62, it was announced in paragraph 1 of Article 14 that "by joint decisions, issued by the Ministers of Transport, Public Works and Interior, all matters relating to the road signs, roadmarkings, the type of signals, the characteristics of the road signage and the manner of its application shall be defined. ", while in paragraph 2 of the same article that "the provisions of the International Geneva Protocol on Road Signs and Signals of September 1949, with its supplements, are temporarily valid and up-to the apply of the referenced of the paragraph 1 of this Article. "

Finally, on July 6, 1974, 12 years after the initial announcements and with the Government Gazette B '676/74, the first serious signaling standards were established, which are still valid today.[6] It was the first time that sign diagrams were included in a Government Gazette. Since the publication of the relevant Government Gazette, the "provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 14 of Law 4332/62 "on the ratification of the Road Trafffic Code" have been abolished. However", within five years of its publication, six (6) of the old signs from the Geneva Protocol were still valid, as "temporarily preserved signs".

Design

Fonts

The font on the signs since 1974 is Transport, which also appears on the signs of other European countries. On motorways, the DIN 1451 font is used.

Language

The signs in Greece are in two languages: Greek (Greek Alphabet) and English (Latin Alphabet). Previously, the signs were in Katharevousa and used the Polytonic system, until 1976 and 1981, which were replaced by the Demotic and Monotonic systems respectively.

Retroreflection

Signs during the night are either:

• Internally illuminated: that is, of suitable translucent materials, illuminated by internal illumination systems. The application of these signs is restricted mainly to urban areas and to specific high-risk interurban networks.
• Externally illuminated: that is, they are illuminated by lamps facing them. These signs are applied at places where the light beam of cars is difficult to reach, such as the road sign gantries.
• With reflective materials: that is, part or all of which is of a suitable reflective film. They may not be reflective (at roads that are lighted at night.), semi-reflective (Only symbols are reflective) or fully reflective (except symbols)

Finally, there are fluorescent reflective membranes, used in special circumstances, as a backdrop for school signs or signs indicating significant hazards.

Post-1974 signs

Categorization

They are divided into certain categories based on their meaning, shape and coloring.[7]

• Danger Notice (K Series).
• Traffic Regulatory (Ρ Series).
• Informatory (Π Series).

1. Οδοδείκτες (Road-pointers), these are signs with text that guide drivers to the directions they at intersections between roads or warn before they confirm the correctness of the route they follow and inform them of the distances from their destination.
2. Other informatory signs, are signs that contain pictograms that inform drivers of the existence of a specific installation or service in the course of their journey.

The color of the letters is yellow, in Greek and white in Latin. Background color indicates the kind of direction. These colors are:

1. Green for Motorways
2. Blue for expressways, etc.
3. Brown for tourist routes
4. White (with black letters) inside populated areas or facilities in them.

• Additional (Πρ series). These signs are rectangular with a black border on a white background with a black pictogram and are always combined with other road signs. They are designed to:

1. Make the message displayed clearer
2. Specify the displayed message

Additional signs are never used by themselves.

Danger notice signs (K series)

The K series includes the waring signs. These signs have mostly triangular shape (except for K-33 to K-37). Their borders are red and their background is yellow (With the exception of K-21, where it's white) and the pictograms are black. They are intended to alert drivers early on of risks, which they can find in their course (e.g. dangerous places, accesses of road junctions, accesses of railway level crossings, etc.) in order to take the appropriate measures in time (eg reduction of speed).[8][9] Their dimensions refer in order to the following sizes:[10]

1. 0.60m
2. 0.90m
3. 1.20m

The sizes are chosen depending on the use of the signs, while they are made with the following reflective materials:

1. Type III membrane on Motorway and National Road network road sign gantries
2. Membrane II or III on the right of motorways, Membrane II on the right of the National Road Network, and Membrane I or II on the right of the rest of the interurban network
3. Membrane II or III to the left of motorway Membrane II or III to the left of National Highway and Membrane II or III to the left of the rest of the interurban network

Due to the fact that K-1a, K-1d, K-2d, K-16, K-24 and K-31 to K-37 are critical signs and are particularly important for the improvement of road traffic and safety, they are manufactured with at least type II membranes.[10] In total, there are 50 such signs, numbered Κ-1α, Κ-1δ, Κ-2α, Κ-2δ, Κ-3 to Κ-5, Κ-6α, Κ-6δ, Κ-7 to Κ-27, Κ-28α, Κ-28δ, Κ-30 to Κ-37, Κ-38α, Κ-38δ and Κ-39 to Κ-44.

Κ series

Diagram	Number	Meaning	Law of establisment	Ref.	Notes
	Κ-1α	Dangerous left turn	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	Κ-1δ	Dangerous right turn	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	Κ-2δ	Dangerous two opposite or continuous turns, the first to the left	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	Κ-2δ	Dangerous two opposite or continuous turns, the first to the right	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	Κ-3	Dangerous hill downwards (With slope as indicated on the sign)	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	Κ-4	Dangerous hill upwards (With slope as indicated on the sign)	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	Κ-5	Dangerous pavement narrowing on both sides	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-6α	Dangerous pavement narrowing on the left side	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-6δ	Dangerous pavement narrowing on the right side	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	Κ-7	Moving bridge	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-8	The road leads to a dock or river bank	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-9	Dangerous bumpy pavement in bad condition, with pits, etc.	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-10	Dangerous elevated pavement or steep curvy change of the lengthwise slope of the road	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-11	Dangerous vertical gutter or steep hollow change of the lengthwise slope of the road	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-12	Slippery pavement	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-13	Dangerous gravel ejection (loose chippings)	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-14	Danger of falling rocks and their presence in the pavement	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-15	Danger due to pedestrian crossing	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-16	Danger due to often children traffic (schools, stadiums, etc.)	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-17	Danger due to often entrance of cyclists, or cyclist crossing	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-18	Danger of domesticated animal crossing	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-19	Danger of wild animal crossing	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-20	Danger due to performed roadworks	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-21	Attention, intersection or position where traffic is regulated by three-colored traffic lights.	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-22	Danger due to low flights of taking-off or landing aircraft	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-23α	Danger due to often strong wind (As the direction of the windsock shows)	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-24	Αdvance notice of a two-way traffic	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74		This sign means imminent entrance from a one-way road or part of a road that includes two decks separated by direction by a median strip, in a part of a road with traffic on the same pavement in both directions, temporarily or permanently.
	K-25	Attention, other dangers (not indicated on former signs)	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-26	Attention, junction where the priority from right is valid	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-27	4-way intersection, with a road, on which drivers have to give priority	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-28α	3-way intersection with a verctical road on the left, on which drivers have to give priority	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-28δ	3-way intersection with a verctical road on the right, on which drivers have to give priority	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-29α	3-way intersection with a obligue road on the left, on which drivers have to give priority	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-29δ	3-way intersection with a obligue road on the left, on which drivers have to give priority	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-30	Approach to a circular mandatory route	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-31	Danger due to railway level crossing with moving barriers or tram crossing	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74		The "or tram crossing" phrase, was added in 2004, with ΦΕΚ Α’137/22-7-2004, due to the Athens Tram opening.
	K-32	Danger due to railway level crossing without moving barriers	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-33, K- 34, K-35	Additional repeative signs at acesses of railway level crossings or moving bridges, which indicate approach at them.	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74
	K-36	Danger due to immediate vicinity of a railway level crossing, without moving barriers, of single railway track or a tramway crossing	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74		The "or tram crossing" phrase, was added in 2004, with ΦΕΚ Α’137/22-7-2004, due to the Athens Tram opening.
	K-37	Danger due to immediate vicinity of a railway level crossing, without moving barriers, of dual or multiple railway track or a tramway crossing	ΦΕΚ Β' 676/74		The "or tram crossing" phrase, was added in 2004, with ΦΕΚ Α’137/22-7-2004, due to the Athens Tram opening.
	K-38α	Dangerous soft verges on the left	ΦΕΚ 182/Α/25-11-1992
	K-38δ	Dangerous soft verges on the right	ΦΕΚ 182/Α/25-11-1992
	K-39	Often traffic jam	ΦΕΚ 182/Α/25-11-1992
	K-40	Tunnel	ΦΕΚ 182/Α/25-11-1992
	Κ-41	Danger due to tram level crossing without moving barriers	ΦΕΚ Α’137/22-7-2004
	K-42	Danger due to fog	ΦΕΚ Α’22/29-1-2014
	Κ-43	Danger due to pararell pedestrian and cyclist crossings	ΦΕΚ Α’59/30-3-2018	[11]
	Κ-44	Danger due to common pedestrian and cyclist crossings	ΦΕΚ Α’59/30-3-2018	[11]

Sources:[12][13][14][15][16]

Regulatory signs[17]

Prohibitory signs are round with white backgrounds and red borders.

• Prohibitory signs
• 
  Give Way. This sign means that at the junction where it's placed, the drivers must give priority to the vehicles that move to the other road
• 
  Stop. 1) This sign, when it's placed before a junction, means the mandatory stopping of the vehicle before entering the junction and the prioritization of the vehicles moving on the road to which it is approaching. (2) When placed to points other than a junction, means a mandatory stopping of the vehicle in the position of the sign and not start until the driver is sure that they can do so without risk.
• 
  Priority road
• 
  End of Priority road
• 
  Priority for oncoming vehicles, because road narrows
• 
  Priority over oncoming vehicles (Because road narrows)
• 
  No entry to all vehicles
• 
  Road closed to all vehicles in both directions
• 
  No motor vehicles except for motorcycles with two wheels.
• 
  No motorcycles
• 
  No bicycles
• 
  No mopeds
• 
  No lorries. The number of tons, either in white on the vehicle or on an additional sign placed under the pictured one, means that the prohibition applies only if the maximum permissible weight of the vehicle or the combination of vehicles exceeds this number
• 
  No motor vehicle pulling trailer, other than a semi-trailer or trailer with only one axle. The number of tons, either white in the trailer or on an additional sign, which is placed under the pictured, means that the prohibition applies only if the maximum authorized weight of the trailer exceeds this number.
• 
  No pedestrians
• 
  No animal-drawn vehicles
• 
  No handcarts
• 
  No farm machinery
• 
  No motor vehicles
• 
  No specific vehicles (eg motor and animal-drawn vehicles)
• 
  No vehicles with overall width exceeding (eg 2 meters).
• 
  No vehicles with overall height exceeding (eg 3,5 meters)
• 
  No vehicles with overall weight exceeding (eg 5 tons)
• 
  No vehicles with overall weight exceeding (eg 2 tons) in one axle.
• 
  No vehicles with overall length exceeding (eg 10 meters).
• 
  No driving with distance less than (eg 70) meters from two vehicles
• 
  No left turn
• 
  No right turn
• 
  No U-turns (180 degree turn)
• 
  No overtaking by motor vehicles except motorcycles with two wheels
• 
  No overtaking by lorries
• 
  The maximum speed is limited to the indicated number (e.g., 70 km) per hour.The number of tons, on an additional sign, which is placed under the pictured, means that the speed limit applies only to vehicles with a total weight exceeding this number.
• 
  No horn (Except for avoiding an accident)
• 
  Passing without stopping prohibited at customs
• 
  Passing without stopping prohibited at toll post
• 
  End of all local prohibitions which have been imposed by prohibitory signs on moving vehicles
• 
  End of speed limit which have been imposed by a prohibitory sign (eg 60 km/h)
• 
  End of overtaking restriction which have been imposed by a prohibitory sign.
• 
  No parking
• 
  No stopping and parking, unless otherwise specified by an additional sign, etc. The prohibitions on these signs apply from the position of the signs to the next meeting point with a road and on the side of the pavement in which they are placed
• 
  Alternative parking (prohibited on the sign's side on odd months of year)
• 
  Alternative parking (prohibited on the sign's side on the even months of year)
• 
  No parking zone (limited-time parking).
• 
  End of no parking zone
• 
  No vehicles carrying over a certain quantity of explosives or flammable goods
• 
  No vehicles carrying over a certain quantity of goods which could pollute water
• 
  Highest speed area
• 
  End of highest speed limit zone (eg 50 km/h)
• 
  No trailers with weight exceeding (eg 3 tons)
• 
  No vehicles carrying dangerous goods
• 
  Direction to be followed. Left only
• 
  Direction to be followed. Right only
• 
  Direction to be followed. Forward only
• 
  Direction to be followed. Turn left or right.
• 
  Direction to be followed. Turn left
• 
  Direction to be followed. Turn right
• 
  Direction to be followed. Turn left or continue straight ahead.
• 
  Direction to be followed. Turn right or continue straight ahead.
• 
  Pass this side. Either side
• 
  Pass this side. Left
• 
  Pass this side. Right
• 
  Roundabout
• 
  Track for cycles and mopeds
• 
  Footpath
• 
  Bridleway
• 
  Snow chains compulsory
• 
  Compulsory track for pedestrians, cyclists and moped drivers. Dual track
• 
  Compulsory track for pedestrians, cyclists and moped drivers. Dual track
• 
  Compulsory track for pedestrians, cyclists and moped drivers.
• 
  Beginning of lane reserved for scheduled buses etc.
• 
  End lane reserved for scheduled buses etc.
• 
  Reserved lane for buses, trolleybuses and bicycles
• 
  End of reserved lane for buses, trolleybuses and bicycles
• 
  Controlled Parking
• 
  Parking for TAXIs
• 
  Parking for disabled (Special license required)
• 
  Parking for specific disablet person (Special license and registration number required)
• 
  Direction to be followed for vehicles carrying dangerous goods. Turn left
• 
  Direction to be followed for vehicles carrying dangerous goods. Turn right
• 
  Direction to be followed for vehicles carrying dangerous goods. Turn left
• 
  Direction to be followed for vehicles carrying dangerous goods. Turn right
• 
  Water protection area
• 
  Beginning of lane reserved for trams
• 
  End lane reserved for trams

Informatory signs

• Informatory signs
• 
  E-road numbering
• 
  Pedestrian crossing
• 
  Hospital
• 
  One-way street ahead
• 
  One-way street
• 
  Dead end ahead on 90 degrees roads
• 
  Dead end ahead on non-90 degrees roads
• 
  Dead end
• 
  Alternative direction
• 
• 
  Expressway
• 
  End of expressway
• 
  Motorway
• 
  Motorway (alternative)
• 
  End of motorway
• 
  End of motorway (alternative)
• 
  First aid
• 
  Workshop
• 
  Telephone
• 
  Petrol station
• 
  Hotel
• 
  Restaurant
• 
  Refreshments
• 
  Picnic site
• 
  Hiking trail
• 
  Caravan site
• 
  Camping site
• 
  Youth hostel
• 
  Information
• 
  Bathing
• 
  Toilet
• 
  Radio station for road and traffic information
• 
  Built-up area
• 
  End of built-up area
• 
  Disabled persons
• 
  Sharp bend, Right (alternative)
• 
  Sharp bend, Left (alternative)
• 
  Sharp bend, Right
• 
  Sharp bend, Left
• 
  Motorway numbering
• 
  National road numbering (used on motorway signs only)
• 
  National road numbering (used on every road type but motorways)
• 
  Direction sign in Expressway intersections with two directions
• 
  Direction sign in Expressway intersections with one direction
• 
  Direction sign on usual roads
• 
  Direction sign on roads of local road network
• 
  Direction sign on tourist roads
• 
  Direction sign on tourist roads
• 
  Direction sign
• 
  Direction sign
• 
  Direction sign to Airport
• 
  Advance direction sign, diagrammatic type

Rare, special or unofficial signs

• 
  Acropolis museum direction sign
• 
  Bilingual direction sign without km
• 
  Motorway exit
• 
  Direction to airport
• 
  Sign used when entering Greece from other country
• 
  No parking
• 
  Pedestrian cross direction sign
• 
  Direction arrow
• 
  Continuous pedestrian crossings
• 
  Speed bump
• 
  No lorries turning left
• 
  No lorries turning right
• 
  Lorries over 6 tones are prohibited to enter the road
• 
  Lorries and buses are prohibited to enter the road
• 
  Buses are prohibited to enter the road
• 
  Passing without stopping prohibited (control)
• 
  Regulatory sign of reserved lane for lorries
• 
  Regulatory sign of reserved lane for cars
• 
  Other dangers (temporary)
• 
  Fog likely (Alternative)
• 
  No parking

Athens Bus Service signs

Bus Service road signs for prohibiting parking on bus route narrow turning points

• 
  "No parking. Bus passing". Athens Urban Transport Servive (OASA) and Thermal Bus Company (ETHEL) road sign.
• 
  "No parking. Bus passing". Athens Urban Transport Servive (OASA) and Thermal Bus Company (ETHEL) road sign.
• 
  "Bus passing. Illegally parked vehicles will be towed". Athens Urban Transport Servive (OASA) and Thermal Bus Company (ETHEL) new road sign.

Bus route guidance road signs

• 
  Left arrow - Athens Urban Transport Servive (OASA) guidance sign (with route label).
• 
  Forward arrow - Athens Urban Transoport Servive (OASA) guidance (without route label).
• 
  Right arrow - Athens Urban Transoport Servive (OASA) guidance (without route label).

Bus stop signs

• 
  Old Athens bus stop sign (OASA-ETHEL) circa 1994-2005.
• 
  Recent Athens bus stop sign (OASA-ETHEL) circa 2005-2015.
• 
  Most recent Athens bus stop sign (OASA-OSY) since 2015 circa.

Retired signs (no longer in use)

Below, signs are withdrawn or replaced with new diagrams of the same meaning.

• 
  Slow[18]. The greek text says "SLOWLY"
• 
  No overtaking (Arrows)[18]
• 
  No overtaking (Cars)[19]

Other marks[20]

• 
  Stopping is obligatory (Stop)
• 
  Stopping
• 
  Parking
• 
  Course like arrows
• 
  Course like arrows
• 
  Progressive load indications
• 
  Course like arrows
• 
  Course like arrows
• 
  Course like arrow
• 
  Mandatory bicycle space
• 
  Traffic area exclusively by pedestrians
• 
  Obligatory run of the depicted vehicle

Useful indications[20]

• 
  Parking lot
• 
  Gasoline or diesel oil
• 
  Phone
• 
  Attention to the forest. The Greek text says "Fire hazard"
• 
  Parking lot for caravans
• 
  Hospital
• 
  First aid
• 
  Workshop
• 
  Camping site
• 
  Special directional & distance sign for the vehicle shown in white space

Warning signs[21][22]

• 
  Pavement with abnormalities
• 
  Dangerous continuous curves
• 
  Right curne
• 
  Left curve
• 
  Non-priority cross-junction
• 
  Cross-junction with moving priority as the arrow
• 
  Cross-junction with moving priority as the arrow
• 
  Narrow road
• 
  Slope (Αmount indicted)
• 
  Sliperry road
• 
  Swing bridge
• 
  Danger
• 
  Works on the road
• 
  School
• 
  Pedestrian crossing
• 
  Animal passage
• 
  Level crossing is guarded
• 
  Level crossing is unguarded
• 
  Alert for unguarded level crossing
• 
  Alert for level crossing distance
• 
  Alert for level crossing distance
• 
  Alert for level crossing distance (These signs were placed under the signs for the level crossings)
• 
  Approach to a road where the vehicles on it have priority. (Yield)
• 
  Priority road sign
• 
  Priority expiration sign

Area indications[22]

• 
  The numbers denoted the mileage
• 
  The arrow indicated the direction
• 
  Bypass with underpass
• 
  Toponym

Temporarily retained signs (1974-1978).[23]

• 
  Pd-1 - Beware, other hazards with the K-25's declaring significance
• 
  Pd-2 - Mandatory stopping of the route (STOP) with the expressive importance of P-2.
• 
  Pd - 3 No motor vehicles with the expressive meaning of P-19.
• 
  Pd - 4 No parking with the expressive importance of R-39
• 
  Pd-5 Parking is prohibited on the side of the sign during the odd months with the prominent significance of P-41
• 
  Pd- 6 Parking is prohibited on the side of the sign, in the even months with the declarative significance of the P-42

Katharevousa and Polytonic

Regulatory[24]

• 
  No passing without stopping before the customs - By the word "Τελωνεῖον"

Informatory[25]

• 
  Expressway Warning Signal with Mileage Distances - By the word "Ἀσπρόπυργος"
• 
  Common road Warning Signal with Mileage Distances - By the word "Ἠράκλειον" and "Ἀθήναι"
• 
  Direction of a toponym, arrow shape - By the word "Τρίλοφον"
• 
  Direction of a toponym, arrow shape - By the word "Πειραιεύς"
• 
  Direction of more toponym, arrow shape - With the words "'Ἀερολιμήν" and "Πειραιεύς"
• 
  Direction of a toponym, rectangular shape - By the word "Ἠράκλειον"
• 
  Airport Direction - By the word "Ἀθῆναι"
• 
  Start of a residential area - By the word "Τρίπολις"
• 
  End of residential area - By the word "Τρίπολις"
• 
  Toponyms - "Ποταμός Εύρώτας"
• 
  Tourist information - By the word "Πληροφορίαι"

Old motorway signs with blue background[26]

• 
  Motorway (Blue background)
• 
  End of motorway (Blue background)

References

1. "Πρότυπα σήμανσης και εξοπλισμού οδών" (PDF). Ενημερωτικό δελτίου Τ.Ε.Ε. (Τεύχος 1980). 14 November 1997.
2. "Πρότυπα σήμανσης και εξοπλισμού οδών" (PDF). Ενημερωτικό δελτίου Τ.Ε.Ε. (Τεύχος 1980). 14 November 1997.
3. "Πριν τα αυτοκίνητα: Αυτός ήταν ο πρώτος ΚΟΚ της Ελλάδας". Μικροπράγματα (in Greek). 2018-08-31. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
4. "Σήμανση οδών" (PDF).
5. "ΕΛΠΑ - Ελληνική Λέσχη Αυτοκινήτου και Περιηγήσεων". 2014-07-07. Archived from the original on 2014-07-07. Retrieved 2019-09-17.
6. "Σήμανση οδών" (PDF).
7. "Σήματα ΚΟΚ". TestKOK.gr. Retrieved 2019-06-09.
8. "ΚΟΚ On-line: Πινακίδες Αναγγελίας Κινδύνου | Glavopoulos Loss Adjusters Inc". Glavopoulos Loss Adjusters Inc. (in Greek). Retrieved 2018-10-03.
9. Κώδικας Οδικής Κυκλοφορίας - Άρθρο 4. Glavopoulos Loss Adjusters Inc. (in Greek). 2016-12-15. Retrieved 2020-08-14.
10. Πινακίδες αναγγελίας κινδύνου - Κατηγορίες Πινακίδων. ΖΑΦΕΙΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ Α.Ε. (in Greek). Retrieved 2020-08-14.
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26. Ερώτηση 10, Φύλλο #8 από τα "Φύλλα ερωτήσεων διά τήν εξέτασιν υποψηφίων οδηγών αυτοκινήτων - μοτοσυκλετών και μοτοποδηλάτων". Υπουργείον Συγκοινωνιών, Γεν. Δ/νσις Μεταφορών, Εκτύπωσις: Οικονόμου. 1976.

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