Road signs in Canada

Road signs in Canada may conform to the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Canada (MUTCDC)[1] by the Transportation Association of Canada (TAC)[2] for use by Canadian jurisdictions. Although it serves a similar role to the MUTCD from the US Federal Highway Administration, it has been independently developed and has a number of key differences with its American counterpart, most notably the inclusion of bilingual (English/French) signage for jurisdictions such as New Brunswick with significant anglophone and francophone population, and a heavier reliance on symbols rather than text legends.

Language

Signs for the most part employ two languages, English, French or both. However, some signs are trilingual, incorporating English, French and an indigenous language such as Cree.

Stop sign

Bilingual (English and French) stop sign in Ottawa.

Bilingual (English and Inuinnaqtun) in Cambridge Bay.

In Quebec, modern signs read either Arrêt or Stop,[3] however it is not uncommon to see older signs containing both words in smaller lettering, with arrêt on top.[4] Both stop and arrêt are considered valid French words and the Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF) notes that the use of "stop" on stop signs is attested in French since 1927.[5] In practice, however, it can be empirically observed (for instance, with Google Street View) that arrêt predominates in French-speaking areas (i.e., most of the geographic extent of Quebec), while stop can be found in majority English-speaking areas such as Montreal's West Island suburbs. At the time of the debates surrounding the adoption of the Charter of the French Language ("Bill 101") in 1977, the usage of stop on the older dual-word signs was considered to be English and therefore controversial; some signs were occasionally vandalized with red spray paint to turn the word stop into "101".[6] However, it was later officially determined by the OQLF that stop is a valid French word in this context, and the older dual arrêt + stop usage is therefore not considered bilingual but merely redundant and therefore deprecated (à éviter). All newly installed signs thus use either one word or the other, but not both.

The province of New Brunswick has bilingual stop arrêt in English-speaking areas. Acadian regions of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island also have bilingual signs. Some areas in Manitoba and Ontario also have bilingual signs. Entry points to the country through Canada Customs also have bilingual stop signs. On First Nations or Inuit territories, stop signs sometimes use the local aboriginal language in addition to or instead of English and/or French. Other parts of Canada use stop.

Canadian road signs

The following are samples of Canadian road signs.

Gallery

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  Stop sign (English)
• 
  Stop sign (French)
• 
  Stop sign (English and French)
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  Stop sign (French and English)
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  Stop sign (Inuktitut and English)
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  Stop sign (Cree)
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  Yield
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  Parking Permitted
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  No Littering
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  Maximum Speed
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  Bike Lane
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  Bus Lane
  In Quebec, taxis are often included and thus shown and as well as time periods in force. In Quebec bus and taxi are spelled out, see below
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  Railway Crossing
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  Shared Path
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  Road sign used in British Columbia, near the Canada–US border to remind US drivers that Canada uses the metric system.
  Note that the imperial speed limit (left) is shown using a Canadian-style sign, rather than an MUTCD-standard one as would be used in the US

Ontario road signs

The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) also has historically used its own MUTCD which bore many similarities to the TAC MUTCDC. However, as of approximately 2000, MTO has been developing the Ontario Traffic Manual (OTM), a series of smaller volumes each covering different aspects of traffic control (e.g., regulatory signs, warning signs, sign design principles, traffic signals, etc.).

Sign classification

The Ontario Traffic Manual Committee categorises all road signs into two main categories: freeway and non-freeway sign types. Signs are then subcategorised into two additional groups: urban and rural. [7]

Examples of Ontario regulatory road signs

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  Some Ontario maximum speed signs have an additional tab at the bottom of the speed limit, reminding motorists that the unit of speed is kilometres per hour. The "km/h" tab sign (Rb-7t) is mandatory on all King's Highways because of the likelihood of unfamiliar interprovincial and international travellers. [7]
• 
  Where there is a change in the legal speed limit, the first maximum speed sign in the new zone must be accompanied by a "BEGINS" tab sign (Rb-84t). [7]
• 
  The purpose of the VEHICLES OVER 5 TONNES MUST HAVE VALID TRANSPONDER sign is to indicate to heavy vehicles that they are required to have valid toll devices known as transponders when travelling on toll roads. Specifically, the sign above is located before entrance ramps to the 407 ETR (Electronic Toll Route). [7]
• 
  The purpose of the FASTEN SEAT BELT sign is to remind passengers in vehicles to ensure that their seat belts are fastened while the vehicle is travelling. The sign is placed at exits from locations which generate a large percentage of foreign or tourist traffic, where drivers may be unfamiliar with Ontario seat belt laws. [7]

Quebec road signs

The following are samples of Quebec road signs.[8][9][10] A notable difference between Quebec road signs and those of the rest of Canada is Quebec's use of a white chevron on a red background to mark road alignment around a curve, whereas the remainder of the country employs a black chevron on a yellow background.

Quebec gallery

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  The logo for Le ministère des Transports du Québec (English: Ministry of Transportation of Quebec).
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  Metric signage reminder in Québec, posted near US border and at major airports
  Note that the imperial speed limit (left) is shown using a Quebec-style sign, rather than an MUTCD-standard one as would be used in the US
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  ARRÊT (Translation: STOP)
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  Yield
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  Yield at roundabout
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  Do not enter
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  French-language version of do not enter (plate type)
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  Maximum speed (50 km/h)
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  No left turn
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  No right turn
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  Route for dangerous goods vehicles
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  Shared path
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  Dangerous goods vehicles prohibited
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  No overtaking
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  No parking
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  Parking permitted
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  No stopping
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  No littering
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  Stop ahead
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  Yield ahead
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  Traffic signal ahead
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  Slippery surface
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  Pavement ends
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  Uneven surface
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  Bump
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  Dip
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  Road closed
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  Strong crosswinds
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  Example of autoroute shield
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  Example of route shield
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  MAXIMUM SPEED signs along Quebec autoroutes are accompanied by a MINIMUM SPEED sign. The minimum sign is positioned directly below the maximum speed sign on the same post.

References

1. Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Canada (Fifth ed.). Ottawa: Transportation Association of Canada. 2014. PTM-MUTCD14-E (English ed.).
2. TAC
3. "Répertoire des dispositifs de signalisation routière du Québec". Transports Québec. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
4. "Canada, Quebec, Montreal, bilingual Stop sign Stock Photos". Masterfile.com. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
5. Office québécois de la langue française, granddictionnaire.com. No direct link: look up panneau STOP under Recherche and then click on either route or transport under the resulting Index listing
6. Photo by Flickr.com user "imagesdistributioncanada"
7. Ontario Traffic Manual - Book 2 - Sign Design, Fabrication and Patterns. March 2005.
8. Tous les dispositifs de signalisation
9. Road_signs_of_Quebec
10. Road_signs_of_Quebec