Rif (GTPase)

Rif is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rho family of GTPases.[1] It is primarily active in the brain and plays a physiological role in the formation of neuronal dendritic spine. This process is regulated by FARP1, a type of activator for RhoA GTPases.[2] Alternatively, Rif can induce the formation of actin stress fibers in epithelial cells. Which is dependent on the activity levels of ROCK proteins since the absence of ROCK activity would mean Rif would be unable to stimulate the growth of stress fibers.[3]

Rif is also seen expressed in diverse amount of human tissues such as in the colon and stomach due to Rho's use of actin dynamics to absorb intestinal epithelial cells.[4] Rif's function in forming filopodia has a relation to the function of platelets. But in mice, Rif is not necessary for platelets to function.[5]

References

Ridley AJ (October 2006). "Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking". Trends in Cell Biology. 16 (10): 522–9. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006. PMID 16949823.
Fan L, Yan H, Pellegrin S, Mellor H (March 2015). "The Rif GTPase regulates cytoskeletal signaling from plexinA4 to promote neurite retraction". Neuroscience Letters. 590: 178–83. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.010. PMID 25668492.
Fan L, Pellegrin S, Scott A, Mellor H (April 2010). "The small GTPase Rif is an alternative trigger for the formation of actin stress fibers in epithelial cells". Journal of Cell Science. 123 (Pt 8): 1247–52. doi:10.1242/jcs.061754. PMC 2848113. PMID 20233848.
Fan L, Mellor H (February 2012). "The small Rho GTPase Rif and actin cytoskeletal remodelling". Biochemical Society Transactions. 40 (1): 268–72. doi:10.1042/BST20110625. PMID 22260703.
Goggs R, Savage JS, Mellor H, Poole AW (2013-01-24). "The small GTPase Rif is dispensable for platelet filopodia generation in mice". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e54663. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854663G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054663. PMC 3554654. PMID 23359340.

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[Ridley-1] Ridley AJ (October 2006). "Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking". Trends in Cell Biology. 16 (10): 522–9. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006. PMID 16949823.

[2] Fan L, Yan H, Pellegrin S, Mellor H (March 2015). "The Rif GTPase regulates cytoskeletal signaling from plexinA4 to promote neurite retraction". Neuroscience Letters. 590: 178–83. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.010. PMID 25668492.

[3] Fan L, Pellegrin S, Scott A, Mellor H (April 2010). "The small GTPase Rif is an alternative trigger for the formation of actin stress fibers in epithelial cells". Journal of Cell Science. 123 (Pt 8): 1247–52. doi:10.1242/jcs.061754. PMC 2848113. PMID 20233848.

[4] Fan L, Mellor H (February 2012). "The small Rho GTPase Rif and actin cytoskeletal remodelling". Biochemical Society Transactions. 40 (1): 268–72. doi:10.1042/BST20110625. PMID 22260703.

[5] Goggs R, Savage JS, Mellor H, Poole AW (2013-01-24). "The small GTPase Rif is dispensable for platelet filopodia generation in mice". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e54663. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854663G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054663. PMC 3554654. PMID 23359340.

Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)