Chp (GTPase)

RhoV (or Chp or Wrch2) is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rho family of GTPases. Chp was identified in 1998 as a GTPase interacting with the p21 activated kinase PAK2.[1] RhoV/Chp delineates with RhoU/Wrch a Rho subclass related to Rac and Cdc42, which emerged in early multicellular organisms during evolution.[2] RhoV/Chp depends on palmitoylation rather than prenylation for association with plasma and intracellular membranes.[3] In Xenopus embryos, RhoV is encoded by a canonical Wnt response gene and is induced in the developing neural crest at specification. RhoV activity cooperates with the Snai1 (Snail) transcription factor for the subsequent induction of the pro-invasive transcription factors Snai2 (Slug), Sox9 or Twist. [4]

Further reading: Rho family of GTPases

References

Aronheim A, Broder YC, Cohen A, Fritsch A, Belisle B, Abo A (1998). "Chp, a homologue of the GTPase Cdc42Hs, activates the JNK pathway and is implicated in reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton". Curr Biol. 8 (20): 1125–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70468-3. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 9778532.
Boureux A, Vignal E, Faure S, Fort P (2007). "Evolution of the Rho family of ras-like GTPases in eukaryotes". Mol. Biol. Evol. 24 (1): 203–16. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl145. PMC 2665304. PMID 17035353.
Chenette EJ, Mitin NY, Der CJ (2006). "Multiple Sequence Elements Facilitate Chp Rho GTPase Subcellular Location, Membrane Association, and Transforming Activity". Mol Biol Cell. 17 (7): 3108–21. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-09-0896. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 1483044. PMID 16641371.
Guemar L, de Santa Barbara P, Vignal E, Maurel B, Fort P, Faure S (2007). "The small GTPase RhoV is an essential regulator of neural crest induction in Xenopus". Dev Biol. 310 (1): 113–28. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.07.031. ISSN 0012-1606. PMID 17761159.

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[Aronheim-1] Aronheim A, Broder YC, Cohen A, Fritsch A, Belisle B, Abo A (1998). "Chp, a homologue of the GTPase Cdc42Hs, activates the JNK pathway and is implicated in reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton". Curr Biol. 8 (20): 1125–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70468-3. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 9778532.

[Boureux-2] Boureux A, Vignal E, Faure S, Fort P (2007). "Evolution of the Rho family of ras-like GTPases in eukaryotes". Mol. Biol. Evol. 24 (1): 203–16. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl145. PMC 2665304. PMID 17035353.

[Chenette-3] Chenette EJ, Mitin NY, Der CJ (2006). "Multiple Sequence Elements Facilitate Chp Rho GTPase Subcellular Location, Membrane Association, and Transforming Activity". Mol Biol Cell. 17 (7): 3108–21. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-09-0896. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 1483044. PMID 16641371.

[Guemar-4] Guemar L, de Santa Barbara P, Vignal E, Maurel B, Fort P, Faure S (2007). "The small GTPase RhoV is an essential regulator of neural crest induction in Xenopus". Dev Biol. 310 (1): 113–28. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.07.031. ISSN 0012-1606. PMID 17761159.

Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)