Pavel Grachev

Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev (Russian: Па́вел Серге́евич Грачё́в; 1 January 1948 – 23 September 2012), sometimes transliterated as Grachov or Grachyov, was a Russian Army General and the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1996; in 1988 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union gold star. As Defence Minister, Grachev gained notoriety because of his military incompetence displayed during the First Chechen War and the persistent allegations of involvement in enormous corruption scandals.

This name uses Eastern Slavic naming customs; the patronymic is Sergeyevich and the family name is Grachev.

Pavel Grachev Павел Грачёв
Minister of Defence
In office 18 May 1992 – 17 July 1996
President	Boris Yeltsin
Prime Minister	Boris Yeltsin Yegor Gaidar (acting) Viktor Chernomyrdin
Preceded by	Boris Yeltsin (acting)
Succeeded by	Mikhail Kolesnikov (acting)
Personal details
Born	(1948-01-01)1 January 1948 Rvy, Tula Oblast, RSFSR, USSR
Died	23 September 2012(2012-09-23) (aged 64) Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia
Political party	CPSU (1969–91)
Awards	Hero of the Soviet Union
Military service
Allegiance	Soviet Union  Russia
Branch/service	Russian Airborne Troops
Years of service	1965–1996
Rank	General of the Army
Commands	Soviet Airborne Troops Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Battles/wars	Soviet–Afghan War First Chechen War

Life and career

In the Soviet Union

Grachev, born in 1948 in Tula Oblast, RSFSR, joined the Soviet Army's airborne troops in 1965 and finished the Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School. In 1972, he joined the Soviet Communist Party.[1] After commanding parachute platoons, companies and battalions in the 1970s, he attended the Frunze Military Academy and the General Staff Academy, graduating in 1981. During the Soviet–Afghan War, Grachev commanded the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment from 1982 to 1983, and was in command of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division in Afghanistan in the last years of the Soviet involvement from 1985 to 1988.[2]

In December 1990, he was appointed commander of the Soviet airborne troops. In August/December 1991, Grachev became the Soviet Union's First Deputy Minister of Defence during its break-up.

In the Russian Federation

For a period of time, in the early-to-mid-1990s, Grachev was a close friend of the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin,[3] and held the post of the Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation from May 1992 to June 1996. Grachev took part in the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 and the events of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, during which he supported Yeltsin. In November 1994 Yeltsin called Grachev "the best defense minister of the decade."[4]

In late 1994 through 1996, Grachev played a key role in initiating and leading the First Chechen War. He was one of authors of the idea to use force to "restore constitutional order" in the breakaway republic of Chechnya and publicly promised to swiftly crush the Chechen separatist forces "in a couple of hours with a single airborne regiment."[5][6] He was rumoured to have launched the disastrous storming of Grozny while drunk during the celebrations of his 1 January birthday.[7] As TIME commented in 1995: "Grachev had remarked recently that only an 'incompetent commander' would order tanks into the streets of central Grozny, where they would be vulnerable (...) Yet at the end of December he did it."[8] Eventually, in July 1996, following his re-election, Yeltsin sacked the disgraced Grachev. The First Chechen War soon ended with more than 100,000 soldiers and civilians having lost their lives.

In December 1997, Grachev was appointed a senior military adviser to Rosvooruzhenie State Corporation, the Russian arms export monopoly. On 25 April 2007, Grachev was fired from this position.[9]

Grachev died on 23 September 2012 of acute meningoencephalitis,[10] in the Vishnevsky Military Hospital in Krasnogorsk.[11] He was 64.

Corruption accusations

Grachev was accused of being personally involved in major military corruption scandals, which was not proven in court, that occurred during the withdrawal of the Soviet troops from East Germany. The alleged corruption, which gained Grachev the nickname of "Pasha Mercedes", was the focus of a series of articles published by the investigative journalist Dmitry Kholodov. Four of Grachev's airborne officers and two others were tried in the murder of Kholodov but were later acquitted.

Popular culture

The archival footage of Grachev saying "tank regiments are commanded by total idiots; you send in the infantry first, then the tanks" is shown on TV in the 2002 film House of Fools.

References

1. "Russian Crisis: The main players: General Grachev". The Independent. 4 October 1993. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
2. Грачёв Павел Сергеевич [Grachev Pavel Sergeyevich]. www.warheroes.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 25 December 2015.
3. War Scare: Russia and America on the Nuclear Brink by Peter Vincent Pry.
4. The War in Chechnya: Implications for Military Reform and Creation of Mobile Forces Archived 12 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
5. Botched operation. (Russian troops in Chechnya) (Editorial), The Nation, January 1995.
6. Why the Russian Military Failed in Chechnya Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Foreign Military Studies Office, December 1996.
7. Grozny rebels braced for final assault, The Independent, 13 January 1996.
8. Why It All Went So Very Wrong, TIME, 16 January 1995.
9. (in Russian) Экс-министр обороны Павел Грачев, уволен сегодня с должности советника гендиректора «Рособоронэкспорта», которую он занимал на протяжении последних 10-ти лет., Ekho Moskvy, 25.04.2007.
10. Названа причина смерти экс-министра обороны Павла Грачева (in Russian). Interfax. 24 September 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
11. "Pavel Grachev, Yeltsin-Era Defense Minister, Dead At 64". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 23 September 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2012.

External links

• Grachev: Here for a While, The Moscow Times, 13 July 1995.
• Pavel Grachev: Disgraced but Indispensable, The Jamestown Foundation, 3 May 1996.
• Pavel Grachev, RusNet, 03.12.2003.

Political offices
Preceded by Boris Yeltsin (acting)	Defence Minister of the Russian Federation 1992–1996	Succeeded by Mikhail Kolesnikov (acting)