Old Havana

Old Havana (Spanish: La Habana Vieja) is the city-center (downtown) and one of the 15 municipalities (or boroughs) forming Havana, Cuba. It has the second highest population density in the city and contains the core of the original city of Havana. The positions of the original Havana city walls are the modern boundaries of Old Havana.

Old Havana

La Habana Vieja
Municipality of Havana
Location of Old Havana in Havana
Coordinates: 23°08′09.4″N 82°21′30.0″W
Country Cuba
Province Ciudad de La Habana
Wards (Consejos Populares)Belén, Catedral, Jesús María, Plaza Vieja, Prado, San Isidro, Tallapiedra
Area
 • Total4 km2 (2 sq mi)
Elevation
50 m (160 ft)
Population
 (2004)[2]
 • Total97,984
 • Density24,000/km2 (63,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
Area code(s)+53-7
Official nameOld Havana and its Fortification System
TypeCultural
Criteriaiv, v
Designated1982 (6th session)
Reference no.204
State PartyCuba
RegionLatin America and the Caribbean

Old Havana is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History
Plaza Vieja
Paseo del Prado, Havana and Hotel Telegrafo

Havana was founded by the Spanish in 1519 in the natural harbor of the Bay of Havana. It became a stopping point for the treasure laden Spanish galleons on the crossing between the New World and the Old World. In the 17th century, it was one of the main shipbuilding centers. The city was built in baroque and neoclassical styles. Many buildings have fallen into ruin in the latter half of the 20th century, but a number are being restored. The narrow streets of Old Havana contain many buildings, accounting for perhaps as many as one-third of the approximately 3,000 buildings found in Old Havana. It is the ancient city formed from the port, the official center and the Plaza de Armas.

In 1555, Old Havana was destroyed and burned by the French corsair Jacques de Sores. The pirate had taken Havana easily, plundering the city and burning much of it to the ground. After limiting the scarce defenders, De Sores left without obtaining the enormous wealth that he was hoping to find in Havana. The city remained devastated and set on fire. Since the incident, the Spanish brought soldiers and started building fortresses and walls to protect the city. Castillo de la Real Fuerza was the first fortress built; initiated in 1558, the construction was overseen by the engineer Bartolomé Sanchez.

Old Havana resembles Cadiz and Tenerife. Alejo Carpentier called it "de las columnas"(of the columns), but it could also be named for the gateways, the revoco, the deterioration and the rescue, the intimacy, the shade, the cool, the courtyards... In her there are all the big ancient monuments, the forts, the convents and churches, the palaces, the alleys, the arcade, the human density. The Cuban State had undertaken enormous efforts to preserve and to restore Old Havana through the efforts of the Office of the Historian of the City, which was directed by Eusebio Leal. The reconstruction effort successfully transformed Old Havana into a tourist attraction, and also resulted in Leal becoming recognized as Old Havana's de facto Mayor.[3][4]

Main sights
Payret Cinema
View from Capitolio steps
  • The Malecón is the avenue that runs along the seawall at the northern shore of Havana, from Old Havana to the Almendares River.
  • The Paseo del Prado, Havana is the street that forms the western edge of Old Havana, being its boundary with Centro Habana.
  • Castillo del Morro, picturesque fortress guarding the entrance to Havana bay. The construction of the castle Los Tres Reyes del Morro owed to the step along in Havana of the English pirate Sir Francis Drake. The king of Spain arranged its construction on a big stone which was known by the name of El Morro. He sent the field master Juan de Texeda, accompanied of the military engineer Battista Antonelli, who came to Havana in 1587 and began the task at once.
  • La Cabaña fortress, located on the east side of the Havana Bay. The most impressive fortress of the Spanish colony was La Cabaña. It impresses with its 18th-century walls, constructed at the same time as El Morro. Every night at 9 p.m., some soldiers dressed in suits of the epoch shoot from her the “el cañonazo de las nueve”, (gunshot of the nine). It went off every day to warn of the closing of the doors of the wall that surrounded the city.
  • San Salvador de la Punta Fortress, In the shore opposite to the Castle of El Morro, at the beginning of the curve of El Malecon, there rises the fortress of San Salvador de la Punta, of minor architectural dimensions. It was constructed in 1590, and in 1629 the Chapter of Havana decided, to defend better the port, to join her in the night with the El Morro by using a thick chain that prevented the entry of enemy ships.
  • Castillo de la Real Fuerza, The fortress or (lit.) Castle of the Royal Army is another big monument that closes the Plaza de las Armas. It was the first big fortification of the city, initiated in 1558 on the ruins of an ancient fortress. In the same year, the Crown sent to Cuba the engineer Bartolomé Sanchez, supervised by 14 official and main stonemasons in order to reconstruct the castle, which had been set fire and destroyed by the French corsair Jacques de Sores.
  • Catedral de San Cristóbal, the most prominent building on the Plaza de la Catedral. The cathedral was raised on the chapel after 1748 by order of the bishop from Salamanca, Jose Felipe de Trespalacios. It is one of the most beautiful and sober churches of the American baroque.
  • National Capitol, styled after the Panthéon (Paris), looking similar to the U.S. Capitol.[5]
  • Galician Center, Central Park, The Galician Center, of neobarroque style was established as a social club of the Galician emigrants between 1907 and 1914. Built on the Theater Tacon (nowadays Great Theater of Havana), it was open during the Carnival of 1838 with five masked dances.
  • Plaza de Armas – the main touristic square. The origin of its name is military, since from the end of the 16th century the ceremonies and the military events took place here.
  • Gran Teatro de la Havana, the Great Theater of Havana is famous, particularly for the acclaimed National Ballet of Cuba and its founder Alicia Alonso. It sometimes performs the National Opera. The theater is also known as concert hall, Garcia Lorca, the biggest in Cuba.
  • The Museum of the Revolution, located in the former Presidential Palace, with the boat Granma on display in front of the museum.
  • San Francisco de la Habana Basilica, Habana Vieja, The set of church and convent of San Francisco de Asis, byline of the year 1608, and it was reconstructed in 1737.

Threats
An unrestored street in Old Havana

In 2008, Hurricane Ike destroyed many structures in Old Havana, overturning years of conservation work directed at the iconic antiquated buildings of the area. Not only did it damage historic buildings, but it forced many of Old Havana's residents to flee for safety.[6] The threats that hurricanes pose adds to an already tenuous state for Old Havana's many historic buildings. Age, decay, and neglect combine with natural factors in a complex set of threats to the long-term preservation of this historic old town.[7]

UNESCO Heritage site

In 1982, La Habana Vieja was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List.[8] A safeguarding campaign was launched a year later to restore the authentic character of the buildings.

Twin towns – sister cities

Old Havana is twinned with the following cities:

gollark: To make tier 3 you do that with some other ones I forgot.
gollark: And throw slightly more resources at structure panels and whatever.
gollark: To make a tier 2 void ore miner you have to make a tier 1 void ore miner to run it for a bit to get erodium crystals.
gollark: The tiering is especially poor.
gollark: It *works* perfectly but all the machines just do one very specific task boringly.

See also

References
  1. Statoids (July 2003). "Municipios of Cuba". Retrieved October 6, 2007.
  2. Atenas.cu (2004). "2004 Population trends, by Province and Municipality" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 14, 2006. Retrieved October 6, 2007.
  3. https://week.com/2020/07/31/eusebio-leal-who-oversaw-renewal-of-old-havana-dies-at-77/
  4. https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/07/31/world/europe/31reuters-people-eusebio-leal-obituary.html
  5. Frank Herbst, Cuba – Handbuch für individuelles Reisen, Reise Know-How Verlag 2006
  6. Irving, Mark (September 10, 2008). "Hurricane Ike batters historic Old Havana". The Independent. UK.
  7. Sanchez, Ray (May 3, 2009). "Havana's Historic Architecture at Risk of Crumbling Into Dust". Sun-Sentinel.
  8. Habana Vieja Archived June 1, 2016, at the Wayback Machine – UNESCO World Heritage List
  9. Towns twinned with Sintra Archived June 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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