Mino dialect
The Mino dialect (美濃弁, Mino-ben) is a Japanese dialect spoken in the southern area, made up of the former area known as Mino Province, of Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is also referred to as the Tōnō dialect (東濃弁 Tōnō-ben) by residents of the Tōnō region of the prefecture, which is the eastern part of the former province. It is sometimes also referred to as the Gifu dialect (岐阜弁 Gifu-ben), but that can sometimes include Hida dialect, which is in the northern part of Gifu Prefecture.
| Mino dialect | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Japan |
| Region | southern Gifu |
Japonic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | mino1244[1] |
Generally speaking, it has many words and grammatical structures that are shared with other nearby dialects, such as the Nagoya and Mikawa dialects in neighboring Aichi Prefecture. However, it also shares features with the Kansai dialect.
Grammar
Up until the Taishō period, the Mino dialect used ja (じゃ) for copulas and adjectival nouns, and the Mino dialect was occasionally referred to as a "ja-language in Mino" (美濃のじゃ言葉 Mino no ja-kotoba). However, because of the influence of the Kansai dialect, the modern Mino dialect generally uses ya (や) and is compared to the Nagoya dialect which uses da (だ) for copulas and adjectival nouns.
Standard Japanese emphasizes copulas with yo, such as da yo (だよ), but the Mino dialect attaches te (て) to the ya copula, leading to emphases such as ya te (やて).
The main difference between verbs in the Mino dialect and in standard Japanese is seen in the negative form. The verb "to eat" (食べる taberu) is written as tabenai (食べない) as a negative in standard Japanese. In the Mino dialect, nai is replaced by n (ん) or hen (へん), leading to forms such as taben (食べん) or tabehen (食べへん). The verb "to go" would similarly be written in the negative form as ikan (行かん) or ikahen (行かへん).
Pronunciation
The Mino dialect elides the intervocalic /ɴ/ in the sequences an'i and en'i; the first vowel is lengthened, becoming aai and eei, respectively. For example, 満員 and 全員 are read as man'in and zen'in in standard Japanese, but can be read as maain and zeein in the Mino dialect.
The traditional accent pattern for the Mino dialect follow similar patterns to the Tokyo accent, though some of the western areas around Tarui and Sekigahara also show influences from the nearby Kansai accent pattern. Because major cities like Ōgaki and Gifu have many commuters from the surrounding area, modern youth have lost the traditional accent for the dialect.
Examples
Below is a list of example words for the Mino dialect:
| Mino dialect | Standard Japanese | English | Lexical category |
|---|---|---|---|
| omoroi (おもろい) | omoshiroi (面白い) | interesting | adjective |
| kashiwa (かしわ) | toriniku (鶏肉) | chicken (meat) | noun |
| bii (びい) | onna no ko (女の子), musume (娘) | girl, daughter | noun |
| bō (ぼう) | otoko no ko (男の子), musuko (息子) | boy, son | noun |
| watchi (わっち) | watashi (私) | I, me | pronoun |
| mawashi (まわし) | junbi (準備), shitaku (支度) | preparation | noun/verb |
| shiru (しる) | suru (する) | do | verb |
| chau (ちゃう) | chigau (違う) | be different/wrong | verb |
| tsure (つれ) | tomodachi (友達), shiriai (知り合い) | friend, acquaintance | noun |
| doerai (どえらい) | sugoku (すごく) | very | adverb |
| deeree (でーれぇー) | sugoku (すごく) | very | adverb |
| yattokame (八十日目) | hisashiburi (久しぶり) | long time | adjective |
| tanto (たんと) | takusan (たくさん) | many, much | adjective |
| gabari (画針) | gabyō (画鋲) | pushpin, thumbtack | noun |
| kiinai (きいない) | kiiro no (黄色の) | yellow (color) | adjective |
| gebo (ゲボ) | ōto (嘔吐) | vomit | noun |
| -nta (～んた) | -tachi (～たち), -ra (～ら) | pluralization | suffix |
| naburu (なぶる) | sawaru (触る) | touch | verb |
Famous persons using Mino dialect
- Yuriko Osada (長田 百合子 Osada Yuriko)
- Yoko Kumada (speaks standard Japanese, but uses the Mino dialect on some programs)
See also
References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Mino". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.