Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)

Russian President Boris Yeltsin established the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (Russian: Министерство России по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий), also known as The Ministry of Emergency Situations, MChS (Russian: Министерство по чрезвычайным ситуациям – МЧС России), or internationally as EMERCOM (derived from "Emergency Control Ministry") on January 10, 1994. One school of thought traces the origins of the agency to December 27, 1990, when the RSFSR established the Russian Rescue Corps and assigned it the mission of rapid response in the case of emergencies.[1]

Ministry for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters
Министерство по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий
Ministry Emblem
Ministry Flag

Ministry headquarters in Moscow
Agency overview
FormedDecember 27, 1990 (1990-12-27)
Preceding agency
  • Russian Rescue Corps
JurisdictionPresident of Russia
HeadquartersTeatralny proyezd 3, Moscow
55°45′34.88″N 37°37′22.00″E
Minister responsible
  • Yevgeny Zinichev, Minister for the Affairs of Civil Defence, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief
Parent agencyGovernment of Russia
Child agencies
Websiteen.mchs.ru

History

The history of civil defence services in Russia traces to the years of Muscovy rule and the 1649 "Direction on Municipal rescue" decree of Tsar Alexis of Russia which officially raised the Moscow Municipal Fire Service, the first active fire department in Russia. When Peter the Great was Tsar, Saint Petersburg was given its own fire department modeled on Western practices of the time. By 1863 it was transformed, by orders of Tsar Alexander II of Russia, as the first ever professional fire service in Russia and Eastern Europe.

Starting in 1932 civil defense matters were performed by the Local Air Defense Units (Местная противовоздушная оборона PBO-C, Mestnaya protivovozdushnaya oborona PVO-S) under the nascent Soviet Air Defense Forces, which were transferred to the NKVD in 1940 (and served with distinction, together with the NKVD Fire Services Command founded in 1918, in the Great Patriotic War). In 1960 it was returned to the Ministry of Defense as a service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces (the Civil Defence Forces of the Ministry of Defense) and a directly reporting agency, while the MVD retained the firefighting service.

In the aftermath of the events of the 1988 Armenian earthquake and the Chernobyl disaster, on July 17, 1990 a directive decision of the Presidium of The Supreme Council of Russian Socialist Soviet Republic led to the formation of the Russian Rescue Corps (Российский корпус спасателей), which eventually was formed by the Soviet Government on December 27, 1990.[2] This date is marked as the official anniversary of the EMERCOM.

On April 17, 1991 the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Russia appointed Sergei Shoigu as Chairman of the State Committee for Extraordinary Situations (Государственный Комитет по чрезвычайным ситуациям, ГКЧС), which succeeded the RRC.[3][4]

On November 19, 1991 the State Committee was merged with the Headquarters for Civil Defense of the USSR (under the Ministry of Defense) to create the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence Matters, Extraordinary Situations and the Liquidation of Natural Disasters (Государственный комитет по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий при Президенте РСФСР) and was subordinated to the President of Russia.

On January 10, 1994 the State committee became part of the Government of Russia and the ministry was named The Ministry for the Affairs of Civil Defence, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief, with Sergei Shoigu as a minister.

On January 1, 2002, The Russian State Fire Service, the National Fire service, became part of the ministry with 278,000 firefighters, removed from the Ministry of Internal Affairs control after 84 years.

On May 12, 2012, Vladimir Puchkov was appointed as the new minister, replacing Shoigu who was later appointed as Defense Minister after a brief stint as Governor of Moscow Oblast.[5]

On July 1, 2016, an EMERCOM firefighting IL-76 crashed, after taking off from Irkutsk International airport, on it's way to dump water as to help douse out fires which were active in Siberia.

Duties

According to an EMERCOM publication, the Ministry is an agency of Federal Executive Power with the following tasks:

  • developing proposals and initiatives in the sphere of State policy on issues within the Ministry's competence;
  • managing the Civil Defence and Search and rescue Service in the Russian Federation;
  • providing for the functioning and further development of the Russian System of Disaster Management (RSDM);
  • directing activities aimed at eliminating the consequences of large-scale disasters, catastrophes and other emergencies;
  • conducting special submarine activities;
  • supervising the use of finance resources allocated to the Government for disaster management and response;
  • organizing the training of the population, and governing agencies and the RSDM forces for disaster management and response;
  • and organizing international cooperation in the fields of the Ministry's competency.

Ministers
Main article: Minister of Emergency Situations (Russia)

Sergey Shoigu
Sergey Shoygu, was Minister from 1991 to 2012

The first Minister in charge of EMERCOM was Sergei Shoigu. He was appointed by President Yeltsin in November 1991 as Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence Matters, Extraordinary Situations and the Liquidation of Natural Disasters. Shoigu was given the rank of Major General in October 1994, and his committee became a ministry in January 1994. President Yeltsin showed his faith in the importance of EMERCOM by designating Minister Shoigu a member of the Russian Security Council by Presidential Decree on February 1, 1994. In May 2012 he was appointed as Governor of Moscow Oblast and he resigned from his office.

Vladimir Puchkov

Vladimir Puchkov was the Deputy Minister of Emergencies. In May 2012 he was appointed as Minister.

Departments
  • Department for the Protection of the Population and Territories
  • Department for Disaster Prevention
  • Department of Forces
  • Department for International Cooperation
  • Department for the Elimination of Consequences of Radiological and other Disasters
  • Department for Science and Technology
  • Management Department

Commissions and Boards
Small emblem
  • Interagency Commission of the Russian Federation for Fighting Forest Fires
  • Interagency Commission of the Russian Federation for Floods
  • Interagency Maritime Coordinating Commission for Emergencies on the Seas and Water Basins
  • Interagency Commission of the Russian Federation for the Certification of Rescuers

Working through the office of the Prime Minister, the Ministry can ask for private, Ministry of Defence or National Guard of Russia assistance. That is, the Ministry has international coordination power and the ability to tap local resources if required.

The Department of International Cooperation, to present an example of the activities of one of these departments and commissions, has already signed agreements on cooperation during disaster response and prevention with Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, Poland, Belarus, Georgia, and Kazakhstan. Mutual assistance pacts are ready for signing with Mongolia, Latvia, Finland, Armenia, Moldova, Serbia and Estonia. An agreement also exists with the U.N. High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), and agreements are sought with the OSCE and NATO.

Internal organizations
  • Regional Centres – EMERCOM centres are located in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Chita and Khabarovsk.
  • Civil Defence and Emergency Headquarters – Many regions, provinces, autonomous administrative units, districts and towns possess these headquarters.
  • Command and Control Center – These centers are located in Moscow, and in each region and oblast.
  • Training and Education Facilities – These include the Civil Defense Academy, Training and Methodology centres, an All-Russia Scientific Research Institute, an All-Russian Monitoring and Laboratory Control Centre, and a Centre for Scientific Analysis of Civil Defence Issues.

To perform rapid response operations the following forces and equipment are available:

  • Russian State Fire Service –
  • Central Air-Mobile Rescue Team – These teams are equipped with aviation facilities that include helicopters and cargo aircraft (Ilyushin Il-76, Antonov An-72, An-148-100EM,[6] Ka-32A11VS). The teams have taken part in United Nations' humanitarian delivery operations.
  • Civil Defense Forces Command – These troops consist of military troop divisions and regiments/brigades stationed in various regions of the country aimed at civil defense measures during natural and man-made disasters.
  • EMERCOM Civil Defense Academy, Moscow – trains all officers and non-commissioned personnel of the Ministry in the duties of civil defense.
  • Search and Rescue Service – This service maintains 30 units in various republics, regions and provinces.

Equipment

Aviation
Name Type Origin Photo
Ka-226Light utility helicopter Russia
Ka-32ATransport helicopter Russia
Mi-26Heavy lift cargo helicopter Soviet Union
Mi-8Transport helicopter Soviet Union
Il-76TDTransport airplane Soviet Union
An-3Multipurpose aircraft Ukraine  Russia
An-74PTransport airplane Soviet Union
Be-200Multirole amphibian Russia
2 Antonov 148-100 (as of August 2017)[7]Passenger aircraft Ukraine
2 Sukhoi Superjet 100-95LR (as of August 2017)[7]Passenger aircraft Russia
Il-62Passenger aircraft Soviet Union
Yak-42DPassenger aircraft Soviet Union

Cars
Name Type Origin Photo
GAZelle GAZ-2705 Russia
PPU48-03 (Kamaz-43118 chassis)Mobile control point Russia
ASM-41-022 (base UAZ-3909)Rescue of general purpose Russia
ASM-48-031 (Kamaz-43118 chassis)Rescue vehicle Russia
Car for transportation department paramilitary mountain rescue units (Kamaz-4308 based) Russia
Petrovich-204-60All-terrain vehicle Russia
ZiL-49061Amphibious vehicle Soviet Union

Boats
Name Type Origin Photo
Mars-700Hovercraft Russia
Mars-2000Hovercraft Russia
Khivus-6Hovercraft Russia
Mongoose (project 12150M)Airboat Russia
  • EMERCOM GAZ Valdai three door extended cab
  • Emergency service vehicle on the basis of all-wheel drive minivan terrain UAZ-2206
  • Emergency service vehicle on the basis minivan GAZelle
  • SUV VAZ-2121 Niva
  • EMERCOM Kamaz logistic trucks
  • EMERCOM soldiers from Civil Defense Troops on Victory Day Parade 2018
  • Postal stamps of Russia about EMERCOM
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See also

References
  1. "Russian Rescue Corps established. Russian Rescuer Day". Presidential Library. Presidential Library. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016. [On] December 27, 1990 a decree by the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR № 606 "On the establishment of the Russian Rescue Corps as the RSFSR State Committee, as well as the formation of a unified state and social system of forecasting, prevention and emergency response" was adopted.
  2. "Постановление Совмина РСФСР от 27.12.1990 N 606". www.libussr.ru. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  3. "№51 (758) / Общество и наука / Спецпроект / Первый спасатель". www.itogi.ru. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  4. "ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ КОМИССИЯ СОВЕТА МИНИСТРОВ СССР ПО ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫМ СИТУАЦИЯМ (ГКЧС СМ СССР)". www.mchs.gov.ru. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  5. В.А, Зиничев Евгений Николаевич (April 15, 2016), Русский: О совершенствовании деятельности территориальных органов и организаций МЧС России по предупреждению и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций, обеспечению пожарной безопасности и безопасности людей на водных объектах на территориях местных пожарно-спасательных гарнизонов (PDF), retrieved August 21, 2019
  6. "bmpd". livejournal.com. Archived from the original on December 24, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  7. "Global Airline Guide 2017 (Part Two)". Airliner World (November 2017): 30.
  • EMERCOM of Russia, publication of the Ministry of Emergency Situations
  • "EMERCOM: RUSSIA'S EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM" (1995), Mr. Timothy L. Thomas, Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement, Vol 4, Autumn 1995, No 2
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