Federal Penitentiary Service

The Federal Penitentiary Service[lower-alpha 1] (FSIN, Russian: Федеральная служба исполнения наказаний (ФСИН), Federalnaya Sluzhba Ispolneniya Nakazaniy) is a federal agency of the Ministry of Justice of Russia responsible for correctional services.

"FSIN" redirects here. FSIN may also refer to Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations.

Federal Penitentiary Service
Emblem of the Federal Penitentiary Service

Flag of the Federal Penitentiary Service
Agency overview
Formed2004 (2004)
JurisdictionRussia
HeadquartersZhitnaya Street 14
Yakimanka District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow
Employees338,500
Agency executive
  • Gennady Kornienko, Director
Parent agencyMinistry of Justice
Websitefsin.su

The FSIN is the federal authority for the detention of suspected and convicted persons, the security and maintenance of prisons in Russia, the transport of prisoners, and rehabilitation programs. As of 2019, the FSIN operates 954 prisons and pre-trial detention facilities housing adult and juvenile offenders of various security levels, with the majority of penal facilities being corrective labor colonies. The FSIN's head office is located at Zhitnaya Street 14 in Yakimanka District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

The FSIN was established in 2004 as a new federal correctional service agency for the Ministry of Justice to replace the Soviet-era Main Administration for the Execution of Punishments (Главное управление исполнения наказаний, GUIN), formerly of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and received its current name in 2006. The FSIN claims succession from the Main Prisons Directorate of the Russian Empire founded in 1879, and directly succeeds the correctional services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union including the Gulag agency.

Gennady Kornienko has been the Director of the FSIN since June 2012.[1]

History
FSIN truck.

The Federal Penitentiary Service is considered to be successor to the Main Prison Administration, established on 27 February 1879 as the first government body dealing with maintenance and security of detention and prison facilities in the Russian Empire. On 13 December 1895, the Main Prison Administration was transferred from the Interior Ministry to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Empire. Following the October Revolution, a new prison administration was established by the Bolsheviks with a system composed mainly of forced labor camps across the Soviet Union. On 7 April 1930, the Gulag agency was established which oversaw an expansion of the labor camp system in the Soviet Union. In 1960, the Main Administration for Execution of Punishments (GUIN) was founded under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union following the dissolution of the Gulag agency. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia maintained GUIN unchanged as part of its own Ministry of Internal Affairs until 1998, when the prison service was returned to the Ministry of Justice after nearly a century. The FSIN was established in 2004 as part of various administrative reforms occurring in Russia reforming executive bodies from 2004 to 2005, maintaining the GUIN name but specially re-created for the Ministry of Justice. In 2006, the FSIN received its current name as the Federal Service for the Execution of Punishments (Russian: Федеральная служба исполнения наказаний (ФСИН)) under the Russian Ministry of Justice. The FSIN is commonly known in English as the Federal Penitentiary Service.

Main tasks and authorities

The main tasks of the FSIN are:

  • the execution, in accordance with Russian legislation penal, detention of persons suspected or accused of committing crimes, and defendants;
  • control the behavior of probationers and prisoners, which the court granted a deferment sentence;
  • ensuring the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of convicts and persons in custody;
  • ensuring law and order in the institutions, enforcing criminal penalties of imprisonment (hereinafter - institutions executing punishment), and in detention centers, security contained in them convicts, persons in custody, as well as employees of the correctional system, officials and citizens in the territories of these institutions and detention facilities;
  • protecting and escorting prisoners and persons detained on the specified routes escort, convoy of Russian citizens and stateless persons on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign citizens and stateless persons in the case of their extradition;
  • a prisoners and detainees in detention, detention conditions, in accordance with international law, provisions of international treaties and federal laws;
  • The organization of the activities to provide assistance to convicted in social adaptation;
  • management of the territorial bodies of the FSIN directly subordinate agencies.
  • The FSIN Diggers use the Metro-2, when they need to transfer high-risk prisoners.

Management
FSIN Special Forces during a FAB Defense training exercise

The FSIN is headed by the Director of the Federal Penitentiary Service, who is appointed and dismissed by the President of Russia on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of Russia. The Director is authorized to have six deputies, including one first deputy, who are appointed and dismissed by the President.

Directors
  • Yuri Kalinin (2004-2009)
  • Alexander Reimer (2009-2012) - appointed by President Dmitry Medvedev, the first to head the federal prison system without previous service.
  • Gennady Korienko (2012–present) - appointed by President Vladimir Putin.[2]

Population
The number of prisoners per 100,000 citizens by country.[3]

As of March 2019, the FSIN is responsible for 558,778 inmates, including pre-trial detainees. Only 8% of prisoners in Russia are female, and 0.2% are juvenile offenders. Russia has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world at 416 per 100,000 people in 2018, with a prison population ranked fourth behind the United States, China, and Brazil. Russia was previously ranked as having the highest incarceration rate per 100,000 people internationally until it was overtaken by the United States in 2000. However, the prison population in Russia dropped substantially between 2000 to 2018, with a decline of over 400,000 inmates.

The FSNI operates 705 places of worship within its facilities for inmates of various faiths including Orthodoxy, Islam, Buddhism, and Catholicism. In 2007, Rabbi Aharon Gurevich was appointed the chief military rabbi, the first time to hold this position in Russia since 1917. Rabbi Gurevich has served as the chief rabbi for Jewish inmates and officers in Russian federal prison system.

Facilities
Main article: Prisons in Russia § List of prisons

As of 2019, the FSIN operates 954 facilities of various types located across Russia. The majority of prisons are "corrective labor colonies", a type of penal colony that combines detention with compulsory work introduced during the Soviet era, but also operates a number of traditional prisons.

The FSIN has eight special correctional facilities only for prisoners serving life sentences and those formerly sentenced to death:

Common Name Full Name Location Opened Notes
Ognenny Ostrov
Огненный остров
("Pyatak/Volgoda Nickel")		 Federal State Institution "Correctional Colony No. 5 of the Office of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Vologda Oblast" Belozersky District, Vologda Oblast 1953 Capacity of 505 inmates, including 55 cell high-security section.
Snowflake (ru)
Snezhinka
Снежинка		 Federal state institution "Correctional Colony No. 6 of the Office of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Khabarovsk Territory" Elban, Khabarovsk Krai 2017 Capacity of 378 inmates.
White Swan
Belyy Lebed
Белый лебедь		 Federal State Institution "Association of Correctional Colonies No. 2 with special economic conditions for the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Perm Territory" Solikamsk, Perm Krai 1938 Capacity of 962 inmates.
Black Golden Eagle (ru)
Chyorniy berkut
Чёрный беркут		 Federal state institution "Correctional Colony No. 56 of the Office of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Sverdlovsk Region" Ivdel, Sverdlovsk Oblast 1935 Capacity of 469 inmates.
Torbeyev Central (ru)
Torbeyevskiy tsentral
Торбеевский_централ		 Federal state institution "Correctional Colony No. 6 of the Office of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Republic of Mordovia" Torbeyevo, Mordovia 2015
Black Dolphin
Chyorniy delʹfin
Чёрный дельфин		 Federal State Institution "Correctional Colony No. 6 of the Office of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Orenburg Region" Sol-Iletsk, Orenburg Oblast 1773 Capacity of 1600 inmates.
Arctic Owl (ru)
Polyarnaya sova
Полярная сова		 Federal State Institution "Correctional Colony No. 18 of the Office of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug" Kharp, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 1961 Capacity of 1014 inmates
Mordovian Zone (ru)
Mordovskaya zona
Мордовская зона		 Federal State Institution "Correctional Colony No. 1 of the Office of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Republic of Mordovia" Zubovo-Polyansky District, Mordovia 1931 Capacity of 1005 inmates.

Also a number of federal penal colonies:

Common Name Full Name Location Opened Notes
Segezha Correctional Colony (ru)
Segezhskaya ispavitel'naya koloniya
Сегежская исправительная колония		 Federal state institution "Correctional Colony No. 7 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Republic of Karelia" Segezha, Karelia 1968 Capacity of 1342 inmates.
Lgov Prison
L'govskaya koloniya
Льго́вская коло́ния		 Federal State Institution “Correctional Colony No. 3 of the Office of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Kursk Region” Lgov, Kursk Oblast
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See also

Notes
  1. The official name of the Federal Penitentiary Service in Russian roughly translates to "Federal Service for the Execution of Punishments/Sentences" or "Federal Service of Punishment/Sentence Fulfillment" in English.

References
  1. "Federal Penitentiary Service Archived 2011-11-25 at the Wayback Machine." Government of Russia. Retrieved on 5 October 2011. "Address: 14 Zhitnaya Ulitsa, Moscow 119991"
  2. Putin appointed new Head of FSIN, Vesti.ru
  3. Highest to Lowest. World Prison Brief. International Centre for Prison Studies. Use dropdown menu to choose lists of countries by region, or the whole world. Use menu to select highest-to-lowest lists of prison population totals, prison population rates, percentage of pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners, percentage of female prisoners, percentage of foreign prisoners, and occupancy rate. Column headings in tables can be clicked to reorder columns lowest to highest, or alphabetically. For detailed info for each country go to the World Prison Brief main page and click on the map links and/or the sidebar links to get to the region and country desired.
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