Miami Open (tennis)
The Miami Open (also known as the Miami Masters, and currently branded as the Miami Open presented by Itaú for sponsorship reasons) is a tennis tournament held at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida. It is part of the men's ATP Tour Masters 1000 circuit, and is a Premier Mandatory event on the women's WTA Tour.
| Miami Open | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tournament information | |||||||||
| Founded | 1985 | ||||||||
| Location | Delray Beach, Florida (1985) Boca West, Florida (1986) Key Biscayne, Florida (1987–2018) Miami Gardens, Florida (2019–current) | ||||||||
| Surface | Hard (Laykold) - outdoors | ||||||||
| Website | miamiopen.com | ||||||||
| Current champions (2019) | |||||||||
| Men's singles |  | ||||||||
| Women's singles | .svg.png){kind=small} | ||||||||
| Men's doubles |  | ||||||||
| Women's doubles | .svg.png){kind=small}  | ||||||||
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The tournament had historically been held at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida from 1987 through 2018, before moving to Miami Gardens for 2019. Behind the Indian Wells Masters, it is the second event of the "Sunshine Double"—a series of two consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States at the beginning of the season, which both are the only tournaments besides majors where main draw play extends beyond eight days.
In 2010, a record 300,000 visitors attended matches at the 12-day tournament, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Grand Slams.[1] In 2011, 316,267 visitors attended the Open.[2]
History
The initial idea of holding an international tennis tournament in Miami was born in the 1960s, when famous tennis players such as Pancho Gonzalez, Jack Kramer, Pancho Segura, Frank Sedgman, and Butch Buchholz toured across the country in a station wagon, playing tennis in fairgrounds with portable canvas court.[3] The tournament officially was founded by former player Butch Buchholz who was executive director of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in the 1980s. His original aim was to make the event the first major tournament of the year (the Australian Open was held in December at that time), and he dubbed it the "Winter Wimbledon". Buchholz approached the ATP and the WTA, offering to provide the prize-money and to give them a percentage of the ticket sales and worldwide television rights in return for the right to run the tournament for 15 years. The two associations agreed.
The first tournament was held in February 1985 at Laver's International Tennis Resort in Delray Beach, Florida. Buchholz brought in Alan Mills, the tournament referee at Wimbledon, as the head referee, and Ted Tinling, a well-known tennis fashion designer since the 1920s, as the director of protocol. At the time, the prize money of US$1.8 million was surpassed only by Wimbledon and the US Open. The event's prize money has since grown to over $13 million.
In 1986, the tournament relocated to Boca West. After its successful second year there, Merrett Stierheim, Dade County manager and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) president, helped Buchholz in 1987 move the tournament to its long-term home in Key Biscayne for 1988.[4] In keeping with ambitions of its founder, the tournament has been maintained as one of the premier events in pro tennis after the Grand Slams and the ATP World Tour Finals sometimes referred to as the "Fifth Major" up until the mid-2000s.[5] In 1999, Buchholz sold the tournament to IMG.[6] In 2004, the Indian Wells Masters also expanded to a multi-week 96 player field, and since then, the two events have been colloquially termed the "Sunshine Double".[7][8]
The aging Crandon Park facility had been criticized as the slowest hardcourt on the tour, subjecting players to endless grinding rallies in extreme heat and humidity.[9] The land on which the Crandon Park facility stands had been donated to Miami-Dade County by the Matheson family in 1992 under a stipulation that only one stadium could be built on it. The tournament organizers proposed a $50 million upgrade of Crandon Park that would have added several permanent stadiums, and the family responded with a lawsuit.[10] In 2015, an appeals court ruled in the family's favor, preventing upgrades from being made to the aging complex. The organizers decided not to pursue further legal action and started looking for a new site. In November 2017, the Miami Open signed an agreement with Miami-Dade County to move the annual tournament from the tennis complex in Key Biscayne to Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida beginning in 2019.[11][12]
The stadium is primarily used for American football; a special seating configuration was developed to use it as its main court, utilizing temporary grandstands. While it has the same number of seats as the center court at Crandon Park, it also has access to the stadium's luxury seating and suites. New permanent courts were also built on the site's parking lots, including a new grandstand court.[13][14]
The tournament has had multiple sponsorships in its history. During its inaugural playing in 1985, the tournament was known as the Lipton International Players Championships and it was a premier event of the Grand Prix Tennis Tour. In 2000, the event was renamed the Ericsson Open and in 2002, the event became known as the NASDAQ-100 Open. In 2007, the tournament was renamed the Sony Ericsson Open. From 2015 to 2019, the international bank Itaú was the presenting sponsor.[15]
Event characteristics
Beside the four Major championships, the Miami Open is one of a small number of events on the ATP and WTA tours where the main singles draw (for both the men and the women) involves more than 64 players, and where main draw play extends beyond one week. 96 men and 96 women compete in the singles competition, and 32 teams compete in each of the doubles competitions with the event lasting 12 days.
In 2006, the tournament became the first event in the United States to use Hawk-Eye to allow players to challenge close line calls. Players were allowed three challenges per set, with an additional challenge allowed for tiebreaks. The first challenge was made by Jamea Jackson against Ashley Harkleroad in the first round.
From 1985 until 1990 and again from 1997 to 2007, the men's final was held as a best-of-five set match, similar to the Grand Slam events. After 2007 the ATP required that the handful of ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events which had best-of-five finals switch to the usual ATP best-of-three match format because several times the participants in long finals matches ended up withdrawing from tennis tournaments they were scheduled to participate in which were commencing in only two or three days. The last best-of-five set final was won by Novak Djokovic in 2007.
Points and prize money
As an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event, the tournament is worth up to 1000 ATP Rankings points to the singles and doubles champions. On both the ATP and the WTA, this is the third highest level of event. This is a table detailing the points and prize money allocation for each round of the 2016 Miami ATP Masters 1000 and WTA Premier Mandatory event:
Point distribution
| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Round of 64 | Round of 128 | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Men's Singles | 1000 | 600 | 360 | 180 | 90 | 45 | 25* | 10 | 16 | 8 | 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's Doubles | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
| Women's Singles | 650 | 390 | 215 | 120 | 65 | 35* | 10 | 30 | 20 | 2 | |
| Women's Doubles | 10 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
- Players with byes receive first round points.
Prize money
| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Round of 64 | Round of 128 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Men's Singles | $1,028,300 | $501,815 | $251,500 | $128,215 | $67,590 | $36,170 | $19,530 | $11,970 | $3,565 | $1,825 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women's Singles[16][17] | ||||||||||
| Men's Doubles | $336,920 | $164,420 | $82,410 | $42,000 | $22,140 | $11,860 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Women's Doubles[18] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Past finals
Men's singles
| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score | Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | |
|
4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 | |
| 1986 |  |
 |
3–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–5), 6–4 | |
| 1987 | |
|
7–5, 6–2, 7–5 | |
| 1988 | |
|
6–4, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 | |
| 1989 | |
 |
(walkover)[note 1] | |
| 1990 | |
|
6–1, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2 | |
| 1991 | |
|
4–6, 6–3, 6–4 | |
| 1992 | |
 |
7–5, 7–5 | |
| 1993 | |
|
6–3, 6–2 | |
| 1994 | |
|
5–7, 6–3, 6–3 | |
| 1995 | |
|
3–6, 6–2, 7–6(7–3) | |
| 1996 | |
 |
3–0 (ret.)[note 2] | |
| 1997 | |
 |
7–6(8–6), 6–3, 6–1 | |
| 1998 |  |
|
7–5, 6–3, 6–4 | |
| 1999 |  |
 |
4–6, 6–1, 6–2, 7–5 | |
| 2000 | |
 |
6–1, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–5), 7–6(10–8) | |
| 2001 | |
|
7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–0 | |
| 2002 | |
|
6–3, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4 | |
| 2003 | |
|
6–3, 6–3 | |
| 2004 | |
|
6–7(2–7), 6–3, 6–1 (ret.)[note 3] | |
| 2005 | |
|
2–6, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–3, 6–1 | |
| 2006 | |
|
7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4), 7–6(8–6) | |
| 2007 | .svg.png){kind=small} |
|
6–3, 6–2, 6–4 | |
| 2008 |  |
|
6–4, 6–2 | |
| 2009 |  |
|
6–2, 7–5 | |
| 2010 | |
|
7–5, 6–4 | |
| 2011 |  |
|
4–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4) | |
| 2012 | |
|
6–1, 7–6(7–4) | |
| 2013 | |
|
2–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–1) | |
| 2014 | |
|
6–3, 6–3 | |
| 2015 | |
|
7–6(7–3), 4–6, 6–0 | |
| 2016 | |
 |
6–3, 6–3 | |
| 2017 | |
|
6–3, 6–4 | |
| 2018 | |
 |
6–7(4–7), 6–4, 6–4 | |
| 2019 | |
|
6–1, 6–4 | |
| 2020 | Canceled due to the coronavirus pandemic.[19] | |||
- The men's final has been abandoned three times since the tournament's inception:
- In 1989, Thomas Muster was hit by a drunk driver just hours after his semifinal victory, severing left knee ligaments, which put him in a wheelchair for months. He won the championship eight years later.
- In 1996, Goran Ivanišević retired from the final early with a stiff neck, after sleeping awkwardly the night before.
- In 2004, Guillermo Coria was visibly bothered by back pain from late in the first set of the final. Coria eventually retired during the first game of the fourth set due to this back pain. The problem turned out to be kidney stones.
Women's singles
| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | |
|
6–2, 6–4 |
| 1986 | |
|
6–4, 6–2 |
| 1987 | |
|
6–1, 6–2 |
| 1988 | |
|
6–4, 6–4 |
| 1989 | |
|
6–1, 4–6, 6–2 |
| 1990 | .svg.png){kind=small} |
|
6–1, 6–2 |
| 1991 | |
|
6–3, 7–5 |
| 1992 | |
|
6–1, 6–4 |
| 1993 | |
|
6–4, 3–6, 6–3 |
| 1994 | |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
4–6, 6–1, 6–2 |
| 1995 | |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
6–1, 6–4 |
| 1996 | |
|
6–1, 6–3 |
| 1997 | |
|
6–2, 6–1 |
| 1998 | |
|
2–6, 6–4, 6–1 |
| 1999 | |
|
6–1, 4–6, 6–4 |
| 2000 | |
|
6–3, 6–2 |
| 2001 | |
|
4–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–4) |
| 2002 | |
|
7–5, 7–6(7–4) |
| 2003 | |
|
4–6, 6–4, 6–1 |
| 2004 | |
|
6–1, 6–1 |
| 2005 | |
|
6–3, 7–5 |
| 2006 | |
|
6–4, 6–3 |
| 2007 | |
|
0–6, 7–5, 6–3 |
| 2008 | |
|
6–1, 5–7, 6–3 |
| 2009 | .svg.png){kind=small} |
|
6–3, 6–1 |
| 2010 | |
|
6–2, 6–1 |
| 2011 | |
|
6–1, 6–4 |
| 2012 |  |
|
7–5, 6–4 |
| 2013 | |
|
4–6, 6–3, 6–0 |
| 2014 | |
 |
7–5, 6–1 |
| 2015 | |
|
6–2, 6–0 |
| 2016 | |
|
6–3, 6–2 |
| 2017 | |
 |
6–4, 6–3 |
| 2018 | |
 |
7–6(7–5), 6–1 |
| 2019 | |
|
7–6(7–1), 6–3 |
| 2020 | Canceled due to the coronavirus pandemic.[19] | ||
Men's doubles
.svg.png){kind=small}
.svg.png){kind=small}
Women's doubles
| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | |
|
7–6(7–4), 6–2 |
| 1986 | |
|
6–2, 6–3 |
| 1987 | |
|
6–3, 7–6(8–6) |
| 1988 | |
|
7–6(8–6), 6–3 |
| 1989 | |
|
7–6(7–5), 6–4 |
| 1990 | |
|
6–4, 6–3 |
| 1991 | |
|
7–5, 6–2 |
| 1992 | |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
7–5, 5–7, 6–3 |
| 1993 | |
|
6–2, 7–5 |
| 1994 | |
|
6–3, 6–1 |
| 1995 | |
|
7–5, 2–6, 6–3 |
| 1996 | |
|
6–4, 6–4 |
| 1997 | |
|
6–4, 6–2 |
| 1998 | |
|
6–2, 3–6, 6–3 |
| 1999 | |
|
0–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–1) |
| 2000 | |
|
4–6, 7–5, 6–4 |
| 2001 | |
|
6–0, 6–4 |
| 2002 | |
|
7–6(7–4), 6–7(4–7), 6–3 |
| 2003 |   |
|
6–4, 3–6, 7–5 |
| 2004 | |
|
6–2, 6–3 |
| 2005 | |
|
7–5, 6–7(5–7), 6–2 |
| 2006 | |
|
6–4, 7–5 |
| 2007 | |
 |
6–4, 3–6, [10–2] |
| 2008 |  |
|
7–5, 4–6, [10–3] |
| 2009 | |
|
4–6, 6–3, [10–3] |
| 2010 |  |
|
6–3, 4–6, [10–7] |
| 2011 |  |
|
7–6(7–5), 2–6, [10–8] |
| 2012 | |
|
7–6(7–0), 4–6, [10–4] |
| 2013 | |
|
6–1, 7–6(7–2) |
| 2014 | |
|
4–6, 6–4, [10–5] |
| 2015 |  |
|
7–5, 6–1 |
| 2016 | |
  |
6–3, 6–4 |
| 2017 | |
|
6–4, 6–3 |
| 2018 | |
|
6–2, 6–1 |
| 2019 | |
|
7–6 (7–5), 6–2 |
| 2020 | Canceled due to the coronavirus pandemic.[19] | ||
Mixed doubles
| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | |
|
6–3, 6–4 |
| 1986 | |
|
6–4, 7–5 |
| 1987 | |
|
6–3, 3–6, 6–3 |
| 1988 | |
|
6–4, 6–4 |
| 1989 | |
|
6–2, 7–6(7–3) |
Records
| Player(s) | Record | Year(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Most Singles Titles | |||
| Men's Singles | |
1990, 1995, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2003 | |
|
2007, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016 | ||
| Women's Singles | |
2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2014, 2015 | |
| Most Consecutive Titles | |||
| Men's Singles | |
2001, 2002, 2003 | |
|
2014, 2015, 2016 | ||
| Women's Singles | |
1994, 1995, 1996 | |
|
2002, 2003, 2004 2013, 2014, 2015 | ||
| Most Consecutive Matches Won | |||
| Men's Singles | |
2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 | |
| Women's Singles | |
1994, 1995, 1996, 1999 | |
|
1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 | ||
| Most Times Seeded No. 1 at the Tournament | |||
| Men's Singles | |
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2018 | |
| Women's Singles | |
2003, 2004, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 | |
| Unseeded Players Who Advanced to the Finals | |||
| Men's Singles | |
1999 | |
|
1991 | ||
|
1985 | ||
|
1985 | ||
| Women's Singles | |
2005 | |
| Youngest & Oldest Winners | |||
| Youngest Men's Singles | |
316 days old |
2007 |
| Youngest Women's Singles | |
111 days old |
1990 |
| Oldest Men's Singles | |
235 days old |
2019 |
| Oldest Women's Singles | |
190 days old |
2015 |
| Most Finals Reached | |||
| Men's Singles | |
1990, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003 | |
| Women's Singles | |
1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015 | |
| Most Doubles Titles – Teams | |||
| Men's Doubles | |
2007, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019 | |
| Women's Doubles | |
1989, 1990 | |
|
1995, 1996 | ||
|
1998, 1999 | ||
|
2006, 2007 | ||
| Most Doubles Titles – Individual | |||
| Men's Doubles | |
2007, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019 | |
|
2007, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019 | ||
| Women's Doubles | |
1989, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999 | |
Sunshine Double
| Players who have completed the Sunshine Double: Indian Wells Masters and Miami Masters in the same year[20] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| # | Player | Title(s) | Year(s) |
| 1 | | 1 | 1991 |
| 2 | | 1 | 1992 |
| 3 | | 1 | 1994 |
| 4 | | 2 | 1994, 1996 |
| 5 | | 1 | 1998 |
| 6 | | 1 | 2001 |
| 7 | | 3 | 2005, 2006, 2017 |
| 8 | | 1 | 2005 |
| 9 | | 4 | 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016 |
| 10 | | 1 | 2016 |
References
- "Open Carrying Slam Appeal". Retrieved April 3, 2010.
- "List of Grand Slam in US". Retrieved January 31, 2020.
- "Tournament History".
- "Sony Ericsson Open". Prolebrity. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- "Murray wins Miami Masters title". BBC Online. 2009-05-04.
- Buchholz Is Selling, But Not Giving Up, Tournament He Founded
- Sias, Van (23 March 2019). "The Stat Sheet: Broken stranglehold on 'Sunshine Double'". Baseline. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- Braden, Jonathon (21 March 2017). "Roger Federer Will Go For His Third Sunshine Double At The Miami Open | ATP Tour | Tennis". ATP Tour. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- Rusedski, Greg (3 April 2012). "Miami courts too slow". Reuters.
- Bembry, Jerry (20 March 2019). "Picassos, DJs, and a new stadium: Inside the new Miami Open". ESPN.com. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- "See First Glimpses of the Miami Open at Hard Rock Stadium".
- Brenner, Steve (30 March 2018). "Why is the Miami Open moving to a 65,000-capacity NFL stadium?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- "Here is a sneak peak at how Hard Rock Stadium will look for the Miami Open in March". Miami Herald. Retrieved 2019-06-20.
- Shmerler, Cindy (2019-03-18). "Relocated From a Park to a Football Stadium, the Miami Open Emphasizes Luxury". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-06-20.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/posting/2016/837/MDS.pdf%5B%5D
- http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/posting/2016/837/QS.pdf%5B%5D
- http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/posting/2016/837/MDD.pdf%5B%5D
- "ATP Suspends Tour For Six Weeks Due To Public Health & Safety Issues Over COVID-19". ATP Tour. 12 March 2020.
- Neelabhra Roy (2017-03-28). "10 tennis players who have completed the Sunshine Double". Sports Keeda. Retrieved 2018-04-03.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miami Masters. |
- Official tournament website
- Satellite view of the tournament venue (Google Maps)
- Miami Masters Tennis news & live streams
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by None San Diego |
Favorite WTA Tier I – II Tournament 1995 2004 |
Succeeded by Indian Wells Moscow |
| Preceded by Indianapolis |
ATP Tournament of the Year 1998–2000 |
Succeeded by None |
| Preceded by Monte-Carlo Monte-Carlo |
ATP Masters Series Tournament of the Year 2002–2006 2008 |
Succeeded by Monte-Carlo Shanghai |