Málaga (Parliament of Andalusia constituency)

Málaga is one of the eight constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Parliament of Andalusia, the regional legislature of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. The constituency currently elects 17 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Málaga. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

For the Congress of Deputies constituency, see Málaga (Congress of Deputies constituency). For the Senate constituency, see Málaga (Senate constituency).

Málaga
Parliament of Andalusia Electoral Constituency
Location of Málaga within Andalusia
Province	Málaga
Autonomous community	Andalusia
Population	1,661,785 (2019)[1]
Electorate	1,185,266 (2018)
Major settlements	Málaga, Marbella, Vélez-Málaga, Mijas, Fuengirola, Torremolinos, Benalmádena, Estepona
Current constituency
Created	1982
Seats	15 (1982–1990) 16 (1990–1996) 15 (1996–2000) 16 (2000–2012) 17 (2012–present)
Member(s)	PSOE–A (4)      PP (4)      Cs (4)      AA (3)      Vox (2)

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Statute of Autonomy for Andalusia of 1981 and was first contested in the 1982 regional election. The Statute provided for the eight provinces in Andalusia—Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville—to be established as multi-member districts in the Parliament of Andalusia, with this regulation being maintained under the 1986 regional electoral law. Each constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of eight seats, with the remaining 45 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other). The exception was the 1982 election, when each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 11 for Almería, 15 for Cádiz, 13 for Córdoba, 13 for Granada, 11 for Huelva, 13 for Jaén, 15 for Málaga and 18 for Seville.[2][3][4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Andalusians abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[5] Seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution.[2][3][4] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[6]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[4][7][8]

Deputies

Deputies 1982–present
Parliament	Election	Distribution
1st	1982	1 1 9 1 3
2nd	1986	3 8 4
3rd	1990	2 1 9 4
4th	1994	4 6 6
5th	1996	2 1 6 6
6th	2000	1 1 7 7
7th	2004	1 1 8 6
8th	2008	1 7 8
9th	2012	2 7 8
10th	2015	1 3 6 2 5
11th	2018	3 4 4 4 2

Elections

2018 regional election

Summary of the 2 December 2018 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	152,977	24.19	–5.92	4	–2
	People's Party (PP)	142,746	22.57	–5.75	4	–1
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	125,235	19.80	+8.03	4	+2
	Forward Andalusia–We Can–United Left–Spring–Andalusian Left (AA)^1	99,075	15.67	–6.81	3	–1
	Vox (Vox)	72,729	11.50	+11.15	2	+2
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	15,866	2.51	+1.45	0	±0
	Equo Greens–Andalusia Initiative (Equo–Iniciativa)	3,199	0.51	New	0	±0
	Andalusia by Herself (AxSí)^2	2,435	0.39	–0.60	0	±0
	United Free Citizens (CILUS)	2,350	0.37	–0.26	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–For a Fairer World–Green Group (Recortes Cero–M+J–GV)^3	1,369	0.22	+0.09	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA)	1,234	0.20	+0.10	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	1,130	0.18	–2.45	0	±0
	Andalusian Nation (NA)	788	0.12	New	0	±0
	To Solution (Soluciona)	500	0.08	New	0	±0
	Republican Alternative (ALTER)	497	0.08	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	483	0.08	–0.05	0	±0
	Connect Andalusia (ConecAnd)	456	0.07	New	0	±0
	Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR)	374	0.06	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		8,944	1.41	+0.16
Total		632,387			17	±0
Valid votes		632,387	98.40	–0.73
Invalid votes		10,304	1.60	+0.73
Votes cast / turnout		642,691	54.22	–4.70
Abstentions		542,575	45.78	+4.70
Registered voters		1,185,266
Sources[9][10]

2015 regional election

Summary of the 22 March 2015 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	202,785	30.11	–5.16	6	–1
	People's Party (PP)	190,749	28.32	–15.38	5	–3
	We Can (Podemos)	101,754	15.11	New	3	+3
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	79,297	11.77	New	2	+2
	United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA)	49,625	7.37	–4.81	1	–1
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	17,700	2.63	–1.67	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	7,111	1.06	+0.73	0	±0
	Andalusian Party (PA)	6,679	0.99	–1.00	0	±0
	United Free Citizens (CILUS)	4,274	0.63	New	0	±0
	Vox (Vox)	2,373	0.35	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	873	0.13	+0.04	0	±0
	Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)	872	0.13	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	660	0.10	–0.01	0	±0
	Neo-Democrats (Neodemócratas)	278	0.04	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		8,424	1.25	+0.34
Total		673,454			17	±0
Valid votes		673,454	99.13	–0.35
Invalid votes		5,906	0.87	+0.35
Votes cast / turnout		679,360	58.92	+2.59
Abstentions		473,686	41.08	–2.59
Registered voters		1,153,046
Sources[11][12][13][14]

2012 regional election

Summary of the 25 March 2012 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	274,374	43.70	+0.11	8	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	221,443	35.27	–7.91	7	±0
	United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA)	76,458	12.18	+5.06	2	+1
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	27,016	4.30	+3.61	0	±0
	Andalusian Party (PA)^1	12,494	1.99	–0.81	0	±0
	Equo (Equo)	2,843	0.45	New	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	2,052	0.33	New	0	±0
	Blank Seats (EB)	1,020	0.16	New	0	±0
	We Won't Pay this Crisis (ECNP)	809	0.13	New	0	±0
	Hartos.org (Hartos.org)	778	0.12	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	716	0.11	–0.02	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	565	0.09	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	427	0.07	–0.04	0	±0
	Republican Social Movement (MSR)	281	0.04	New	0	±0
	Liberal Democratic Centre (CDL)	201	0.03	New	0	±0
	Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn)	195	0.03	New	0	±0
	Citizens of Democratic Centre (CCD)	186	0.03	New	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	156	0.02	New	0	±0
	Spanish Alternative (AES)	151	0.02	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		5,733	0.91	–0.17
Total		627,898			17	+1
Valid votes		627,898	99.48	+0.12
Invalid votes		3,274	0.52	–0.12
Votes cast / turnout		631,172	56.33	–14.86
Abstentions		489,271	43.67	+14.86
Registered voters		1,120,443
Sources[15][16]

2008 regional election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	332,265	43.59	+9.01	8	+2
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	329,102	43.18	–4.28	7	–1
	United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA)	54,254	7.12	–0.43	1	±0
	Andalusian Coalition (CA)^1	21,334	2.80	–5.29	0	–1
	The Greens (LV)	6,025	0.79	New	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	5,268	0.69	New	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	1,882	0.25	New	0	±0
	Andalusian Convergence (CAnda)	1,192	0.16	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA)	1,002	0.13	New	0	±0
	Republican Left (IR)	867	0.11	–0.03	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	851	0.11	–0.04	0	±0
Blank ballots		8,195	1.08	–0.46
Total		762,237			16	±0
Valid votes		762,237	99.36	±0.00
Invalid votes		4,947	0.64	±0.00
Votes cast / turnout		767,184	71.19	–0.51
Abstentions		310,476	28.81	+0.51
Registered voters		1,077,660
Sources[17][18]

2004 regional election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	349,404	47.46	+7.36	8	+1
	People's Party (PP)	254,571	34.58	–6.52	6	–1
	United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA)	55,624	7.55	–1.37	1	±0
	Andalusian Party (PA)	49,017	6.66	–0.66	1	±0
	Andalusian Forum (FA)	5,977	0.81	New	0	±0
	Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSA)	4,599	0.62	New	0	±0
	New Andalusian Green Left (NIVA)	1,605	0.22	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	1,087	0.15	±0.00	0	±0
	Republican Left (IR)	1,050	0.14	New	0	±0
	Andalusia Assembly (A)	877	0.12	–0.04	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	600	0.08	New	0	±0
	National Union (UN)	523	0.07	+0.01	0	±0
Blank ballots		11,326	1.54	+0.13
Total		736,260			16	±0
Valid votes		736,260	99.36	+0.04
Invalid votes		4,742	0.64	–0.04
Votes cast / turnout		741,002	71.70	+6.75
Abstentions		292,537	28.30	–6.75
Registered voters		1,033,539
Sources[19][20]

2000 regional election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	266,755	41.10	+3.76	7	+1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	260,273	40.10	+0.54	7	+1
	United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA)	57,885	8.92	–6.88	1	–1
	Andalusian Party (PA)	47,500	7.32	+1.62	1	±0
	Andalusian Left (IA)	1,954	0.30	New	0	±0
	Green Ecologist Alternative of Marbella and San Pedro de Alcántara (AEV)	1,304	0.20	New	0	±0
	Andalusian Nation (NA)	1,059	0.16	+0.01	0	±0
	Andalusia Assembly (A)	1,016	0.16	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	992	0.15	+0.03	0	±0
	The Phalanx (FE)	712	0.11	New	0	±0
	National Union (UN)	415	0.06	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		9,165	1.41	+0.53
Total		649,030			16	+1
Valid votes		649,030	99.32	–0.08
Invalid votes		4,468	0.68	+0.08
Votes cast / turnout		653,498	64.95	–9.84
Abstentions		352,709	35.05	+9.84
Registered voters		1,006,207
Sources[21][22]

1996 regional election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	270,977	39.56	+5.25	6	±0
	People's Party (PP)	255,778	37.34	+0.80	6	±0
	United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA)	108,259	15.80	–6.56	2	–2
	Andalusian Party (PA)^1	39,041	5.70	+1.04	1	+1
	Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA)	1,083	0.16	–0.13	0	±0
	Andalusian Nation (NA)	1,012	0.15	–0.17	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	817	0.12	–0.09	0	±0
	Democratic Andalusian Unity (UAD)	750	0.11	New	0	±0
	Centrist Union (UC)	650	0.09	–0.29	0	±0
	Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA)	616	0.09	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		6,060	0.88	+0.07
Total		685,043			15	–1
Valid votes		685,043	99.40	–0.04
Invalid votes		4,107	0.60	+0.04
Votes cast / turnout		689,150	74.79	+10.58
Abstentions		232,264	25.21	–10.58
Registered voters		921,414
Sources[23][24]

1994 regional election

Summary of the 12 June 1994 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	207,406	36.54	+14.56	6	+2
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	194,768	34.31	–14.95	6	–3
	United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA)	126,946	22.36	+7.79	4	+2
	Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)^1	26,454	4.66	–4.13	0	–1
	Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS)	2,149	0.38	–1.36	0	±0
	Andalusian Nation (NA)^2	1,813	0.32	+0.26	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA)	1,623	0.29	+0.10	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	1,176	0.21	+0.13	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	705	0.12	±0.00	0	±0
Blank ballots		4,607	0.81	+0.35
Total		567,647			16	±0
Valid votes		567,647	99.44	–0.13
Invalid votes		3,190	0.56	+0.13
Votes cast / turnout		570,837	64.21	+12.23
Abstentions		318,115	35.79	–12.23
Registered voters		888,952
Sources[25][26]

1990 regional election

Summary of the 23 June 1990 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	201,865	49.26	+2.44	9	+1
	People's Party (PP)^1	90,081	21.98	+0.81	4	±0
	United Left–Assembly for Andalusia (IU–CA)	59,727	14.57	–5.87	2	–1
	Andalusian Party (PA)	36,028	8.79	+4.21	1	+1
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	7,117	1.74	–1.67	0	±0
	Greens of Andalusia (VA)	2,844	0.69	New	0	±0
	The Ecologist Greens (LVE)	2,769	0.68	New	0	±0
	Socialist Democracy (DS)	2,134	0.52	New	0	±0
	Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)^2	1,603	0.39	–0.95	0	±0
	Ruiz-Mateos Group (ARM)	1,462	0.36	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA)	784	0.19	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	474	0.12	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))	438	0.11	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	346	0.08	–0.15	0	±0
	Andalusian Front of Liberation (FAL)	256	0.06	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		1,869	0.46	+0.08
Total		409,797			16	+1
Valid votes		409,797	99.57	+1.18
Invalid votes		1,754	0.43	–1.18
Votes cast / turnout		411,551	51.98	–15.28
Abstentions		380,173	48.02	+15.28
Registered voters		791,724
Sources[27][28]

1986 regional election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	232,021	46.82	–7.00	8	–1
	People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)^1	104,909	21.17	+3.16	4	+1
	United Left–Assembly for Andalusia (IU–CA)^2	101,279	20.44	+13.15	3	+2
	Andalusian Party (PA)	22,680	4.58	–2.29	0	–1
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	16,877	3.41	New	0	±0
	Communists' Unity Board (MUC)	6,622	1.34	New	0	±0
	Socialist Party of the Andalusian People (PSPA)	3,746	0.76	New	0	±0
	Democratic Reformist Party (PRD)	3,430	0.69	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	1,115	0.23	New	0	±0
	Andalusian Liberation (LA)	986	0.20	New	0	±0
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	n/a	n/a	–10.70	0	–1
Blank ballots		1,888	0.38	+0.01
Total		495,553			15	±0
Valid votes		495,553	98.39	–0.49
Invalid votes		8,099	1.61	+0.49
Votes cast / turnout		503,652	67.26	+6.14
Abstentions		245,156	32.74	–6.14
Registered voters		748,808
Sources[29][30]

1982 regional election

Summary of the 23 May 1982 Parliament of Andalusia election results in Málaga

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	216,098	53.82	n/a	9	n/a
	People's Alliance (AP)	72,306	18.01	n/a	3	n/a
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	42,960	10.70	n/a	1	n/a
	Communist Party of Andalusia (PCA–PCE)	29,266	7.29	n/a	1	n/a
	Socialist Party of Andalusia–Andalusian Party (PSA–PA)	27,602	6.87	n/a	1	n/a
	New Force (FN)	3,892	0.97	n/a	0	n/a
	Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE)	3,578	0.89	n/a	0	n/a
	Communist Movement of Andalusia (MCA)	1,130	0.28	n/a	0	n/a
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	1,063	0.26	n/a	0	n/a
	Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))	854	0.21	n/a	0	n/a
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	781	0.19	n/a	0	n/a
	Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE)	527	0.13	n/a	0	n/a
	Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag) (OCE–BR)	10	0.00	n/a	0	n/a
Blank ballots		1,468	0.37	n/a
Total		401,535			15	n/a
Valid votes		401,535	98.88	n/a
Invalid votes		4,549	1.12	n/a
Votes cast / turnout		406,084	61.12	n/a
Abstentions		258,363	38.88	n/a
Registered voters		664,447
Sources[31][32]

References

1. "Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero. Población por provincias y por sexo". ine.es (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
2. "Ley Orgánica 6/1981, de 30 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para Andalucía". Organic Law No. 2 of 30 December 1981. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 September 2017.
3. "Ley Orgánica 2/2007, de 19 de marzo, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía para Andalucía". Organic Law No. 2 of 19 March 2007. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 September 2017.
4. "Ley 1/1986, de 2 de enero, Electoral de Andalucía". Law No. 1 of 2 January 1986. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
5. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
6. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
7. "Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales". Royal Decree-Law No. 20 of 18 March 1977. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
8. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
9. "2018 Parliament of Andalusia election. Provisional results. Málaga". juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Regional Government of Andalusia. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
10. "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 2 December 2018" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. 26 December 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
11. "Electoral Results Consultation. Parliament of Andalusia. March 2015. Málaga". juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Regional Government of Andalusia. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
12. "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 22 March 2015" (PDF). juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Andalusia. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
13. "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 22 March 2015. Error correction (I)" (PDF). juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Andalusia. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
14. "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 22 March 2015. Error correction (II)" (PDF). juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Andalusia. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
15. "Electoral Results Consultation. Parliament of Andalusia. March 2012. Málaga". juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Regional Government of Andalusia. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
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29. "Electoral Results Consultation. Parliament of Andalusia. June 1986. Málaga". juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Regional Government of Andalusia. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
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31. "Parliament of Andalusia election, 1982. Málaga". argos.gva.es (in Spanish). Argos Information Portal. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
32. "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 23 May 1982". www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. 21 June 1982. Retrieved 25 September 2017.