Province of Almería

Almería (/ˌælməˈriːə/,[1] also US: /ˌɑːl-/,[2][3] Spanish: [almeˈɾi.a]) is a province of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Granada, Murcia, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is the homonymous city of Almería.

Almería
Province
Province of Almería Provincia de Almería  (Spanish)
Flag Coat of arms
Map of Spain with highlighted
Coordinates: 37°10′N 2°20′W
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Andalusia
Capital	Almería
Area
• Total	8,774.87 km^2 (3,388.00 sq mi)
Area rank	Ranked 27th
Population  (2014)
• Total	701,688
• Rank	Ranked 24th
• Density	80/km^2 (210/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Spanish: Almeriense, Urcitano
Official language(s)	Spanish
Parliament	Cortes Generales
Website	dipalme.org

Almería has an area of 8,774 km² (3,388 sq mi). With 701,688 (2014) inhabitants, its population density is 79.96/km², slightly lower than the Spanish average. It is divided in 102 municipalities.

Geography

Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park

The highest mountain range in the Province of Almería is the 50 km (31 mi) long Sierra de Los Filabres.

Europe's driest area is found in Almería and is part of the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park. The arid landscape and climate of the province have made it an ideal setting for Western films, especially during the 1960s. Because of the demand for these locations, quite a number of Western towns were built near the Tabernas Desert. Films such as A Fistful of Dollars, For a Few Dollars More, and The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly were shot here. Years later the film of 800 Bullets was filmed in the same place. Large sections of Conan the Barbarian (1982 film), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lawrence of Arabia and Patton were shot there as well.

The main river is the Andarax River, which is located near Granada in the Alpujarras. The Beninar Reservoir, located near Darrical, provides part of the water needed in the production in greenhouses.

Fauna

Interesting and unique species of animals native to the Alto Almanzora are in the process of extinction.

Economy

See also: Intensive farming in Almería

The most important economic activity is greenhouse farming. Millions of tons of vegetables are exported to other European countries and other parts of the world each year.

Tourism is also a key sector of the economy, due to the sunny weather and attractive areas such as Roquetas de Mar, Aguadulce, Almerimar, Mojacar, Vera or Cabo de Gata.

Industry

The principal industrial activity is in the Macael (Comarca del Marmol) canteras marble quarrying area in the Sierra de los Filabres region from Macael Viejo to Chercos, Lijar and Cobdar which produce in excess of 1.3 million tons. The Cantoria, Fines, Olula del Rio and Purchena area of the Alto Almanzora valley is fast becoming the regional megalopolis through high imports and exports and employment in local, national and international marble processing. All the tourist accommodations and construction throughout coastal Spain has driven high demand and brought huge modernisation. Small pueblos of agriculturalists have given rise to computerised machining factories.

Research facilities

The German-Spanish Calar Alto Observatory is one of the most important observatories of Spain.

Plataforma Solar de Almeria

In Tabernas there is a solar energy research centre, the Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA).[4]

France's Michelin operates an industrial research centre in Cabo de Gata.

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1857	315,664	—
1900	359,013	+13.7%
1910	380,388	+6.0%
1920	358,149	−5.8%
1930	341,550	−4.6%
1940	359,730	+5.3%
1950	357,401	−0.6%
1960	360,777	+0.9%
1970	375,004	+3.9%
1981	405,019	+8.0%
1991	465,662	+15.0%
1996	501,761	+7.8%
2001	533,168	+6.3%
2006	635,850	+19.3%
2014	701,688	+10.4%

Issues

Some degree of forced prostitution is present at small farms (cortijos) outside of Roquetas de Mar. The prostitutes work in the service of organised criminal organisations linked to human trafficking. This, as they have a debt to pay to compensate the cost of being brought there. Many prostitutes are of Russian, Nigerian and Moroccon descent.[5][6]

History

Prehistoric

The Paleolithic Age of Almería was characterized by small nomadic and hunter-gatherer groups. The oldest Paleolithic site is Zájara Cave I (Cueva de Zájara I) in the Caves of the Almanzora (Cuevas del Almanzora).

The first villages and spaces dedicated exclusively to burials appear by the Neolithic Age, and even before the Upper Paleolithic Age. The cave paintings of the Cave of the Signs (Cueva de los Letreros) and twenty other caves and shelters of Los Vélez are dated to this era, and were designated a World Heritage site by Unesco in 1989.

In one of the shelters of the first settlers of the peninsula, the Coat of the Beehives (Abrigo de las Colmenas), there remains a human figure with arms outstretched holding an arc above its head. According to legend, this picture represents a covenant made by prehistoric man with the gods to prevent future floods. It is the earliest depiction of the Almerían Indalo, which was named in memory of Saint Indaletius, and means Indal Eccius ("messenger of the gods") in the Iberian language.

Over the years, the Indalo has become the best known symbol of Almería. Some see this figure as a man holding a rainbow, but it might also be an archer pointing a bow towards the sky. The Indalo lent its name to the artistic and intellectual movement of the Indalianos led by Jesús de Perceval and Eugenio d'Ors which was a movement of nostalgic attraction by the people of Mojácar. The people of Mojácar painted Indalos with chalk on the walls of their houses to guard against storms and the Evil Eye.

It was Luis Siret y Cels, an eminent Belgian archaeologist, who described the rich prehistoric wealth of Almería, particularly that of the Metal Age. Siret said that Almería was like "an open-air museum". Indeed, Almería is home to two of the most important cultures of the Metal Age in the peninsula: Los Millares and El Argar.

The earliest known city, Los Millares, dates to the Copper Age and is strategically located on a spur of rock between the Andarax River and the Huéchar Ravine (rambla de Huéchar), in the southern part of the province. It was a down of more than a thousand inhabitants, protected by three lines of walls and towers, and had an economy based on copper metallurgy, agriculture, animal husbandry, and hunting on a moderate scale. Furthermore, they constructed a large necropolis and exported metal figures and pottery to a large part of the peninsula.

The equally influential culture of El Argar appeared later, during the Bronze Age. They developed a characteristic form of pottery, the vaso campaniforme ("beaker") that spread throughout all of Northern Spain. Their cemeteries were more advanced with respect to the culture of Los Millares and they had diverse agricultural production and animal husbandry.

Ancient

The rich customs and Fiestas of the denizens retain links deep into the past, unto the Moors, the Romans, the Greeks, and the Phoenicians.

Middle Ages

During the taifa era, it was ruled by the Moor Banu al-Amiri from 1012 to 1038, briefly annexed by Valencia (1038–1041), then given by Zaragoza to the Banu Sumadih dynasty until its conquest by the Almoravids in 1091. Some centuries later, it became part of the kingdom of Granada.

Notes and references

1. "Almería". Lexico UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
2. "Almería". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
3. "Almería". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
4. Plataforma Solar de Almeria
5. No way out for Almería’s prostitutes
6. The Spanish nuns helping prostitutes start a new life

See also

• List of municipalities in Almería
• 1966 Palomares B-52 crash
• Region of Granada

External links

• (in Spanish) Diputación Provincial de Almería (Provincial government)