List of state leaders in 1899

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1899.

Africa

• Abyssinia – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913)
• Ashanti Confederacy – Opoku Mensa, Chair of the Committee of Administration (1896–1900)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908) (part way through the year Burundi became a German colony, reducing the King to a mainly ceremonial role)
• Dervish state -
• Khedivate of Egypt – Abbas II (1892–1914) (under British occupation)
• Ethiopia – Menelik II (1889–1913)
• Liberia – William D. Coleman, President of Liberia (1896–1900)
• Sultanate of Morocco – Abdelaziz (1894–1908)
• Somaliland Dervish State - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
• Swaziland - Sobhuza II
• Beylik of Tunis – Ali Muddat ibn al-Husayn (1882–1902) (under French protectorate)
• Sultanate of Zanzibar – Sayyid Hamud bin Muhammed Al-Busaid (1896–1902) (under British protectorate)
• Oranje Vrystaat – President Martinus Theunis Steyn (1896–1902)
• Wadai Empire - Ibrahim ibn ‘Ali
• Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek – President Paul Kruger (1883–1902)

Asia

• Emirate of Afghanistan – Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
• British Empire -
  • Kingdom of Bahrain (Protectorate) - Hakim of Bahrain (1869–1932)
  • Sultanate of Brunei (Protectorate) - Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin (1885–1906)
  • Trucial States -
    • Abu Dhabi – Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
• China (Qing dynasty)
  • Emperor - Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
  • De facto ruler - Empress Dowager Cixi (1898–1908)
  • Tibet – Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1876–1933)
• Filipinas
  • President - Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901)
  • President of the Council of Government -
    1. Apolinario Mabini, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
    2. Pedro Paterno, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
• French Indochina -
  • Kingdom of Cambodia – Norodom (1860–1904)
  • Luang Phrabang – Zakarine, King of Luang Prabang (1895–1904)
  • Kingdom of Champasak – Kham Souk, King of Champasak (1863–1900)
  • Vietnam (Nguyễn dynasty) - Thành Thái, Emperor (1889–1907)
• Emirate of Ha'il (House of Al Rashid) - Abdul-Aziz bin Mitab, Amirs of the House of Rashid (1897–1906)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
  • Prime Minister - Yamagata Aritomo (1898–1900)
• Korean Empire - Gojong (1864–1907, King before 1897)
• Kuwait – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1896–1915)
• Sultanate of Oman – Faisal bin Turki (1888–1913)
• Persia – Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, Shah of Persia (1896–1907)
• Rajpipla State - Chhatrasinhji (1897-1915)
• Siam – Chulalongkorn, Chakri Dynasty (1868–1910)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince:
      1. Félix Faure, President of France (1895–1899)
      2. Émile Loubet, President of France (1899–1906)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
  • First Syndic - Josep Calva (1899–1901)
• Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria -
  1. Count Franz von Thun und Hohenstein (1898–1899)
  2. Count Manfred von Clary und Aldringen (1899)
  3. Heinrich von Wittek (1899–1900)
  • Minister-President of Hungary -
  1. Baron Dezső Bánffy (1895–1899)
  2. Kálmán Széll (1899–1903)
• Belgium
  • Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Prime Minister of Belgium -
    1. Paul de Smet de Naeyer (1896–1899)
    2. Jules Vandenpeereboom (1899)
    3. Paul de Smet de Naeyer (1899–1907)
• Principality of Bulgaria
  • Monarch – Ferdinand I (1886–1918)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Konstantin Stoilov (1894–1899)
    2. Dimitar Grekov (1899)
    3. Todor Ivanchov (1899–1901)
• Kingdom of Denmark
  • Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Hugo Egmont Hørring (1897–1900)
• French Third Republic –
  • President -
    1. Félix Faure (1895–1899)
    2. Émile Loubet (1899–1906)
  • President of the Council -
    1. Charles Dupuy (1898–1899)
    2. René Waldeck-Rousseau (1899–1902)
• German Empire –
  • Monarch – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
  • Chancellor - Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1894–1900)
  • see also List of German rulers in 1899
• Kingdom of Greece
  • Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Alexandros Zaimis (1897–1899)
    2. Georgios Theotokis (1899–1901)
• Holy See – Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903)
• Kingdom of Italy
  • Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
  • Prime Minister – Luigi Pelloux (1898–1900)
• Principality of Liechtenstein
  • Monarch – Johann II (1858–1929)
• Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
  • Monarch – Adolphe (1890–1905)
  • Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)
• Principality of Monaco
  • Monarch – Albert I (1889–1922)
• Principality of Montenegro
  • Monarch – Nicholas I (1860–1918)
  • Prime Minister - Bozo Petrovic-Njegos (1879–1905)
• Kingdom of the Netherlands
  • Monarch – Wilhelmina (1890–1948)
  • Prime Minister – Nicolaas Pierson (1897–1901)
• Sweden–Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
  • Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1905)
  • Prime Minister – Johannes Steen (1898–1902)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Sultan – Abdulhamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)
  • Grand Vizier – Halil Rifat Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1895–1901)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
  • Monarch – Carlos I (1889–1908)
  • President of the Council of Ministers - José Luciano de Castro (1897–1900)
• Kingdom of Romania
  • Monarch – Carol I (1881–1914)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Dimitrie Sturdza (1897–1899)
    2. Gheorghe Cantacuzino (1899–1900)
• Russian Empire – Nicholas II (1894–1917)
• San Marino
  • Captains Regent -
    1. Marino Borbiconi and Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1898–1899)
    2. Gemino Gozi and Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899)
    3. Frederico Gozi and Silvestro Vita, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899–1900)
• Kingdom of Serbia
  • Monarch – Alexander I (1889–1903)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vladan Djordjevic (1897–1900)
• Kingdom of Spain –
  • Monarch – Alfonso XIII (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1897–1899)
    2. Francisco Silvela le Vielleuze (1899–1900)
• Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
  • Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1907)
  • Prime Minister Erik Gustaf Boström (1891–1900)
• Switzerland –
  • Swiss Federal Council - Eduard Müller, Walter Hauser, Adolf Deucher, Adrien Lachenal (until 1899), Robert Comtesse (since 1899), Josef Zemp, Eugene Ruffy (until 1899), Marc-Emile Ruchet (since 1899), Ernst Brenner
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
  • Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

North America

• Canada
  • Monarch – Victoria of the United Kingdom (1867–1901)
  • Governor-General - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (1898–1904)
  • Prime Minister -Wilfrid Laurier (1896–1911)
• Costa Rica – Rafael Yglesias Castro, President of Costa Rica (1894–1902)
• Dominican Republic
  • President of the Dominican Republic -
    1. Ulises Heureaux (1889–1899)
    2. Wenceslao Figuereo (1899)
    3. Horacio Vásquez (1899)
    4. Juan Isidro Jiménez (1899–1902)
• El Salvador – Tomás Regalado, President of El Salvador (1898–1903)
• Guatemala – Manuel José Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
• Haiti – Tirésias Simon-Sam, President of Haiti (1896–1902)
• Honduras
  • President -
    1. Policarpo Bonilla (1894–1899)
    2. Terencio Sierra (1899–1903)
• Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1884–1911)
• Nicaragua – José Santos Zelaya, President of Nicaragua (1893–1909)
• United States - William McKinley, President of the United States (1897–1901)

Oceania

• New Zealand
  • Monarch – Victoria of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
  • Governor-General - The Earl of Ranfurly (1897–1904)
  • Prime Minister - Richard Seddon (1893–1906)
• Niue – Togia-Pulu-toaki, King of Niue (1896-?)
• Samoa – Malietoa Tanumafili I, Malietoa (1898–1939)
• Tonga
  • Monarch – George Tupou II, King of Tonga (1893–1918)
  • Prime Minister - Siosateki Veikune (1893–1904)

South America

• Republic of Acre – Luiz Galvez Rodrigues de Aria, President (1899–1900)
• Argentina – Julio Argentino Roca, President of Argentina (1898–1904)
• Bolivia –
  1. Severo Fernández, President of Bolivia (1896–1899)
  2. José Manuel Pando, President of Bolivia (1899–1904)
• Brazil – Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, President of Brazil (1898–1902)
• Chile – Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President of Chile (1896–1901)
• Colombia – Manuel Antonio Sanclemente, President of Colombia (1898–1900)
• Ecuador – Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador (1895–1901)
• Paraguay – Emilio Aceval, President of Paraguay (1898–1902)
• Peru –
  1. Nicolás de Piérola, President of Peru (1895–1899)
  2. Eduardo López de Romaña, President of Peru (1899–1903)
• Uruguay –
  1. Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1897–1899)
  2. José Batlle y Ordóñez, interim President of Uruguay (1899)
  3. Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1899–1903)
• Venezuela –
  1. Ignacio Andrade, President of Venezuela (1898–1899)
  2. Cipriano Castro, President of Venezuela (1899–1908)