List of birds of Karnataka

The Indian state of Karnataka has about 531 bird species within its boundaries. The following list of birds is based on multiple sources and incorporates recent taxonomic revisions. Species which are considered provisional, introduced or escapees are mentioned, but are not considered in the count.

The birds of some parts of Karnataka have been well studied. Uttara Kannada (known as North Kanara) district was surveyed by James Davidson [1] for five years between 1888 and 1896 (341 species) while parts of this district along with several sites in Belgaum district were covered for three months by Walter Norman Koelz in 1938 (232 species).[2] Salim Ali, in his historic survey of Mysore state (343 species), covered much of southern and central Karnataka [3] and Major Phythian-Adams covered parts of Mysore and provided the only records of several uncommon species.[4] Frederick Nicholson Betts covered Kodagu (Coorg) district,[5] then disjunct from Mysore, and provides good documentation of several birds (279 species) of the Western Ghats. Hence, by 1970, when modern field ornithology and amateur bird-watching were popularised through the Newsletter for Birdwatchers, a moderate level of documentation had taken place in several parts of Karnataka. The only grey area that remained unexplored was the north eastern parts of the state, which was part of the state of Hyderabad then. Salim Ali, during this Hyderabad State Ornithology Survey, could not visit these parts as the survey had to be cut short due to financial challenges.[6]

Table of contents
Non-passerines: Grebes • Shearwaters and petrels • Austral storm petrels • Northern storm petrels • Tropicbirds • Boobies and gannets • Cormorants • Darters • Frigatebirds • Pelicans • Bitterns, herons and egrets • Ibises and spoonbills • Storks • Flamingos • Ducks, geese and swans • Osprey • Hawks, kites and eagles • Falcons • Pheasants and partridges • Cranes • Rails, crakes, gallinules and coots • Bustards • Buttonquails • Jacanas • Painted snipe • Oystercatchers • Avocets and stilts • Thick-knees • Pratincoles and coursers • Plovers and lapwings • Sandpipers and allies • Skuas • Gulls • Terns • Sandgrouse • Pigeons and doves • Parrots and allies • Cuckoos • Barn owls • Typical owls • Frogmouths • Nightjars • Swifts • Treeswifts • Trogons • Kingfishers • Bee-eaters • Typical rollers • Hoopoes • Hornbills • Barbets • Woodpeckers and allies
Passerines: Pittas • Larks • Swallows and martins • Wagtails and pipits • Cuckooshrikes • Woodshrikes • Monarch flycatchers • Fantails • Bulbuls • Ioras • Leafbirds • Shrikes • Thrushes and allies • Old World flycatchers • Ground babblers • Laughingthrushes • Babblers • Cisticolas and allies • Locustellid warblers • Acrocephalid warblers • Phylloscopid warblers • Old World warblers • Titmice • Nuthatches • Sunbirds and spiderhunters • Flowerpeckers • White-eyes • Old World orioles • Fairy-bluebirds • Drongos • Woodswallows • Crows, jays, ravens and magpies • Starlings • Weavers and allies • Waxbills and allies • Buntings • Siskins, crossbills and allies • Sparrows
Notes        References        External links

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are 20 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in India and 1 in Karnataka

• Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis

Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in India and 2 in Karnataka.

• Flesh-footed shearwater, Puffinus carneipes[7]
• Persian shearwater, Puffinus persicus [Earlier considered as a race of Audubon's shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri [8] and often included as that species[9]]

Austral storm petrels

Wilson's storm petrel

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The storm petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

• Wilson's storm petrel, Oceanites oceanicus[10][11]

Northern storm petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

• Swinhoe's storm petrel, Oceanodroma monorhis[11][12]

Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

• Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus[13]

Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

• Red-footed booby, Sula sula [14]
• Masked booby, Sula dactylatra [15]
• Brown booby, Sula leucogaster [A specimen from Karwar in BNHS collected by G. Monteith, I.C.S. probably in 1916 [16]]

Cormorants

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

• Indian cormorant, Phalacrocorax fuscicollis
• Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
• Little cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger

Darters

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

• Oriental darter, Anhinga melanogaster

Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

• Christmas frigatebird, Fregata andrewsi (Adult female photographed from Udupi coast)
• Great frigatebird, Fregata minor
• Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel [An inland storm-blown record from Ranganathittu[17]]

Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

• Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus[18]
• Spot-billed pelican, Pelecanus philippensis

Bitterns, herons and egrets

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

• Grey heron, Ardea cinerea
• Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
• Eastern great egret, Ardea modesta (Some authorities consider it as a distinct species split from great egret, Ardea alba[19])
• Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
• Western reef heron, Egretta gularis
• Little egret, Egretta garzetta
• Indian pond heron, Ardeola grayii
• Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus (Treated as a full species Bubulcus coromandus by Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005 and sometimes called the eastern cattle egret)
• Striated heron, Butorides striata
• Black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
• Malayan night heron, Gorsachius melanolophus[1][20]
• Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutes [21][22]
• Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis
• Cinnamon bittern, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
• Black bittern, Ixobrychus flavicollis
• Eurasian bittern, Botaurus stellaris [1][23]

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

• Black-headed ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus
• Black ibis, Pseudibis papillosa
• Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
• Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia

Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

• Painted stork, Mycteria leucocephala
• Asian openbill, Anastomus oscitans
• Black stork, Ciconia nigra[24]
• Woolly-necked stork, Ciconia episcopus
• White stork, Ciconia ciconia
• Lesser adjutant, Leptoptilos javanicus
• Greater adjutant, Leptoptilos dubious (Davidson [1] reported one bird (Leptoptilos argalus) from east of Sirsi but did not include the more likely lesser adjutant in the list. This is probably the record from north Karnataka which is cited in recent field guides. Record considered unconfirmed [6] as another species is likely to be involved).
• Black-necked stork, Ephippiorhyncus asiaticus (A record from northern Karnataka [25] treated as unconfirmed [6])

Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes   Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. There are 6 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in India of which only 2 occur in Karnataka.

• Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus [1][26]
• Lesser flamingo, Phoenicopterus minor

Ducks, geese and swans

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.[27]

• Lesser whistling duck, Dendrocygna javanica
• Fulvous whistling duck, Dendrocygna bicolor[27][28]
• Bar-headed goose, Anser indicus
• Greylag goose, Anser anser[29]
• Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons [29][30]
• Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea[27][28]
• Knob-billed duck, Sarkidiornis melanotos (also called comb duck)
• Cotton pygmy goose, Nettapus coromandelianus
• Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
• Gadwall, Mareca strepera[1][27][28]
• Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (three shot from M. K. Hubbali)
• Eurasian teal, Anas crecca
• Indian spot-billed duck, Anas poecilorhyncha
• Northern pintail, Anas acuta
• Garganey, Spatula querquedula
• Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
• Common pochard, Aythya ferina
• Ferruginous pochard, Aythya nyroca[1][27][28]
• Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula[27][28]

Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

• Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, kites and eagles

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

• Jerdon's baza, Aviceda jerdoni
• Black baza, Aviceda leuphotes [10][31][32]
• Crested honey buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus
• Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus
• Black kite, Milvus migrans
• Black-eared kite, Milvus (migrans) lineatus [1][2]
• Brahminy kite, Haliastur indus
• White-bellied sea eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster
• Grey-headed fish eagle, Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus[33][34]
• Lesser fish-eagle, Ichthyophaga humilis[33][34][35]
• Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus
• White-rumped vulture, Gyps bengalensis
• Indian vulture, Gyps indicus[36]
• Himalayan vulture, Gyps himalayensis [37]
• Griffon vulture, Gyps fulvus [2]
• Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus[38]
• Red-headed vulture, Sarcogyps calvus
• Short-toed snake eagle, Circaetus gallicus
• Crested serpent eagle, Spilornis cheela
• Western marsh harrier, Circus aeruginosus
• Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus
• Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus
• Pied harrier, Circus melanoleucos[39]
• Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
• Crested goshawk, Accipiter trivirgatus
• Shikra, Accipiter badius
• Besra, Accipiter virgatus
• Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
• Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis (records from the state treated as unconfirmed.[40][6])
• Eurasian buzzard, Buteo buteo (race vulpinus)
• White-eyed buzzard, Butastur teesa
• Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus [41]
• Black eagle, Ictinaetus malaiensis
• Indian spotted eagle, Clanga hastata (earlier treated as C. pomarina hastata)[42]
• Greater spotted eagle, Clanga clanga
• Tawny eagle, Aquila rapax
• Steppe eagle, Aquila nipalensis[43][44]
• Eastern imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca[45]
• Bonelli's eagle, Aquila fasciata
• Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus
• Rufous-bellied eagle, Lophotriorchis kienerii
• Changeable hawk-eagle, Nisaetus cirrhatus [46]
• Mountain hawk-eagle, Nisaetus nipalensis kelaarti (sometimes treated as a full species Legge's hawk-eagle) [47]

Falcons

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

• Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni[1][48]
• Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
• Amur falcon, Falco amurensis [1][49]
• Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo [50]
• Red-necked falcon, Falco chiquera
• Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus (includes shaheen falcon Falco peregrinus peregrinator also)
• Laggar falcon, Falco jugger

Pheasants and partridges

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. There are 156 species worldwide and 46 species which occur in India of which 12 species occur in Karnataka.

• Grey francolin, Francolinus pondicerianus
• Painted francolin, Francolinus pictus [51]
• Common quail, Coturnix coturnix[27][27]
• Rain quail, Coturnix coromandelica[27]
• Blue-breasted quail, Coturnix chinensis [52][53][54]
• Jungle bush-quail, Perdicula asiatica
• Rock bush-quail, Perdicula argoondah
• Painted bush quail, Perdicula erythrorhyncha [55]
• Red spurfowl, Galloperdix spadicea
• Painted spurfowl, Galloperdix lunulata [56]
• Grey junglefowl, Gallus sonneratii
• Indian peafowl, Pavo cristatus

Cranes

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide and 5 species have been recorded from India and 1 in Karnataka.

• Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo[27][57]

Rails, crakes, gallinules and coots

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

• Slaty-legged crake, Rallina eurizonoides [58][59]
• Slaty-breasted rail, Lewinia striata
• Brown crake, Amaurornis akool
• White-breasted waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus
• Baillon's crake, Porzana pusilla
• Ruddy-breasted crake, Porzana fusca
• Spotted crake, Porzana porzana[60]
• Little crake, Porzana parva [61]
• Watercock, Gallicrex cinerea
• Purple swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio (ssp. P. p. poliocephalus raised to species by Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005)
• Common moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
• Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
  

  Eurasian coot

Bustards

Order: Otidiformes   Family: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

• Indian bustard, Ardeotis nigriceps [62]
• Lesser florican, Sypheotides indicus (syn. Eupodotis indica) [63][64][65]

Buttonquails

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Turnicidae

The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

• Yellow-legged buttonquail, Turnix tanki [1][31][66]
• Barred buttonquail, Turnix suscitator[1]
• Small buttonquail, Turnix sylvatica[1][67]

Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in India and also in Karnataka.

• Pheasant-tailed jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus
• Bronze-winged jacana, Metopidius indicus

Painted-snipe

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in India and Karnataka.

• Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis

Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. There are 11 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in India and Karnataka.

• Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus

Avocets and stilts

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in India and Karnataka.

• Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
• Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta [68]

Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

• Indian stone-curlew, Burhinus indicus
• Great thick-knee, Esacus recurvirostris

Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. There are 17 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in India and three species occur in Karnataka.

• Indian courser, Cursorius coromandelicus
• Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola[69]
• Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum[1][70]
• Small pratincole, Glareola lactea

Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. There are 66 species worldwide and 20 species which occur in India and 9 in Karnataka.

• Yellow-wattled lapwing, Vanellus malabaricus
• Grey-headed lapwing, Vanellus cinereus
• Red-wattled lapwing, Vanellus indicus
• Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
• Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola[1]
• Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
• Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
• Lesser sandplover, Charadrius mongolus
• Greater sandplover, Charadrius leschenaultii

Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 89 species worldwide and 43 species which occur in India and 29 species occur in Karnataka.

• Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola [1][2][20]
• Great snipe, Gallinago media [71]
• Wood snipe, Gallinago nemoricola [72]
• Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus [1][73]
• Swinhoe's snipe, Gallinago megala[74]
• Pintail snipe, Gallinago stenura
• Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
• Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
• Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
• Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
• Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
• Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus[1][75]
• Common redshank, Tringa totanus
• Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
• Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
• Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
• Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
• Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
• Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
• Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
• Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris
• Sanderling, Calidris alba
• Little stint, Calidris minuta
• Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
• Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
• Dunlin, Calidris alpina
• Broad-billed sandpiper, Limicola falcinellus
• Ruff, Philomachus pugnax
• Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus [76]

Skuas

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are 7 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in India and 4 in Karnataka.

• Pomarine skua, Stercorarius pomarinus[77]
• Parasitic skua, Stercorarius parasiticus[9]
• Long-tailed skua, Stercorarius longicaudus [78]
• South polar skua, Catharacta maccorkmicki[79][80][81]

Gulls

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls and kittiwakes. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. There are 55 species worldwide and around 11 species which occur in India and 7 species occur in Karnataka.

• White-eyed gull, Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus [82]
• Sooty gull, Ichthyaetus hemprichii [83]
• Lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus (including subspecies Heuglin's gull, Larus fuscus heuglini and steppe gull, Larus fuscus barabensis)
• Great black-headed gull, Larus ichthyaetus
• Brown-headed gull, Larus brunnicephalus
• Black-headed gull, Larus ridibundus
• Slender-billed gull, Larus genei[10][84]

Terns

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Sternidae

Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. There are 44 species worldwide and 23 species which occur in India and 14 in Karnataka.

• Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
• Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia[10]
• Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis[9]
• Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
• Great crested tern, Thalasseus bergii[9]
• River tern, Sterna aurantia
• Common tern, Sterna hirundo
• Little tern, Sterna albifrons
• Black-bellied tern, Sterna acuticauda
• Bridled tern, Sterna anaethetus[9]
• Sooty tern, Sterna fuscata[9]
• Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
• Black tern, Chlidonias niger [82]
• Indian skimmer, Rynchops albicollis

Sandgrouse

Order: Pterocliformes   Family: Pteroclidae

• Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles exustus
• Painted sandgrouse, Pterocles indicus
• Black-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis (provisional - "Big Bore records the shooting of three specimens in Mysore."[85])

Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

• Rock pigeon, Columba livia
• Nilgiri wood pigeon, Columba elphinstonii [86]
• Oriental turtle dove, Streptopelia orientalis
• Red collared dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica
• Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto
• Spotted dove, Spilopelia chinensis
• Laughing dove, Spilopelia senegalensis
• Emerald dove, Chalcophaps indica
• Orange-breasted green pigeon, Treron bicinctus [1][27]
• Thick-billed green pigeon, Treron curvirostra (Escapee [87])
• Grey-fronted green pigeon, Treron affinis (in some classifications it is split from Treron pompadora which is resident in Sri Lanka)
• Yellow-footed green pigeon, Treron phoenicopterus
• Green imperial pigeon, Ducula aenea
• Mountain imperial pigeon, Ducula badia

Parrots and allies

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

• Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria
• Red-breasted parakeet, Psittacula alexandri (escapee or introduced [88])
• Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri
• Plum-headed parakeet, Psittacula cyanocephala
• Blue-winged parakeet, Psittacula columboides
• Vernal hanging parrot, Loriculus vernalis

Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Many are brood parasites. There are 138 species worldwide and 21 species which occur in India and 15 species in Karnataka.

• Pied cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus
• Chestnut-winged cuckoo, Clamator coromandus
• Large hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx sparverioides
• Common hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx varius
• Indian cuckoo, Cuculus micropterus
• Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus [89][90]
• Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus [91]
• Banded bay cuckoo, Cacomantis sonneratii
• Grey-bellied cuckoo, Cacomantis passerinus
• Fork-tailed drongo-cuckoo, Surniculus lugubris dicruroides[10]
• Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus
• Blue-faced malkoha, Phaenicophaeus viridirostris
• Sirkeer malkoha, Taccocua leschenaultii
• Greater coucal, Centropus sinensis
• Lesser coucal, Centropus bengalensis[1][92]

Barn owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. There are 16 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in India and in Karnataka.

• Australasian grass-owl, Tyto longimembris (also known as eastern grass owl)[54][93]
• Barn owl, Tyto alba
• Ceylon bay owl, Phodilus assimilis (strictly Western Ghats race ripleyi),[94][95]

Typical owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. There are 195 species worldwide and 33 species which occur in India and 12 in Karnataka.

• Indian scops owl, Otus bakkamoena
• Oriental scops owl, Otus sunia
• Rock eagle-owl, Bubo bengalensis
• Dusky eagle-owl, Bubo coromandus (Unconfirmed.[96][6])
• Spot-bellied eagle-owl, Bubo nipalensis
• Brown fish owl, Ketupa zeylonensis
• Mottled wood owl, Strix ocellata
• Brown wood owl, Strix leptogrammica[97]
• Jungle owlet, Glaucidium radiatum
• Spotted owlet, Athene brama
• Brown hawk-owl, Ninox scutulata
• Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus[98]

Frogmouths

Sri Lankan frogmouths in Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Thattekad

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Podargidae

The frogmouths are a group of nocturnal birds related to the nightjars. They are named for their large flattened hooked bill and huge frog-like gape, which they use to take insects. There are 12 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in India and 1 in Karnataka.

• Ceylon frogmouth, Batrachostomus moniliger[1]

Nightjars

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

• Jungle nightjar, Caprimulgus indicus
• Jerdon's nightjar, Caprimulgus atripennis
• Indian nightjar, Caprimulgus asiaticus
• Savanna nightjar, Caprimulgus affinis

Swifts

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. There are 7 species which have been recorded in Karnataka.

• Indian swiftlet, Aerodramus unicolor
• White-rumped needletail, Zoonavena sylvatica
• Brown-backed needletail, Hirundapus giganteus[10]
• Asian palm-swift, Cypsiurus balasiensis
• Alpine swift, Tachymarptis melba
• Blyth's swift, Apus leuconyx
• Little swift, Apus affinis

Treeswifts

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Hemiprocnidae

The treeswifts, also called crested swifts, are closely related to the true swifts. They differ from the other swifts in that they have crests, long forked tails and softer plumage. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in India and in Karnataka.

• Crested treeswift, Hemiprocne coronata

Trogons

Order: Trogoniformes   Family: Trogonidae

The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. There are 33 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in India and only 1 in Karnataka.

• Malabar trogon, Harpactes fasciatus

Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. There are 93 species worldwide and 13 species which occur in India and 8 in Karnataka.

• Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
• Blue-eared kingfisher, Alcedo meninting[2][99][100]
• Black-backed kingfisher, Ceyx erithaca (Also known as Oriental dwarf kingfisher)
• Stork-billed kingfisher, Pelargopsis capensis
• White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis
• Black-capped kingfisher, Halcyon pileata[101]
• Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis
• Collared kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris

Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. There are 26 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in India and 5 in Karnataka.

• Blue-bearded bee-eater, Nyctyornis athertoni
• Green bee-eater, Merops orientalis
• Blue-tailed bee-eater, Merops philippinus
• Chestnut-headed bee-eater, Merops leschenaulti
• European bee-eater, Merops apiaster [102]

Typical rollers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. There are 12 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in India and also Karnataka.

• European roller, Coracias garrulus[1][103]
• Indian roller, Coracias benghalensis
• Dollarbird, Eurystomus orientalis

Hoopoes

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in India and in Karnataka.

• Hoopoe, Upupa epops

Hornbills

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Bucerotidae

Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured. There are 57 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in India and 4 in Karnataka.

• Malabar grey hornbill, Ocyceros griseus
• Indian grey hornbill, Ocyceros birostris
• Malabar pied hornbill, Anthracoceros coronatus
• Great hornbill, Buceros bicornis

Barbets

Order: Piciformes   Family: Megalaimidae

The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.

• Brown-headed barbet, Psilopogon zeylanicus
• White-cheeked barbet, Psilopogon viridis
• Malabar barbet, Psilopogon malabaricus (Western Ghats only, split by Rasmussen and Anderton (2005) with the crimson-fronted barbet, Psilopogon rubricapillus referring to the Sri Lankan species )
• Coppersmith barbet, Psilopogon haemacephalus

Woodpeckers and allies

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. There are 218 species worldwide and 33 species which occur in India and 13 in Karnataka.

• Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
• Speckled piculet, Picumnus innominatus
• Brown-capped pygmy woodpecker, Yungipicus nanus (also known as brown-capped woodpecker)
• Yellow-crowned woodpecker, Leiopicus mahrattensis
• Rufous woodpecker, Celeus brachyurus
• White-bellied woodpecker, Dryocopus javensis
• Lesser yellownape, Picus chlorolophus
• Streak-throated woodpecker, Picus xanthopygaeus
• Common flameback, Dinopium javanense
• Black-rumped flameback, Dinopium benghalense
• White-naped woodpecker, Chrysocolaptes festivus
• Greater flameback, Chrysocolaptes lucidus
• Heart-spotted woodpecker, Hemicircus canente

Pittas

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates. There are 32 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in India and 1 species in India.

• Indian pitta, Pitta brachyura

Larks

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. There are 91 species worldwide and 22 species which occur in India and 9 species occur in Karnataka.

• Singing bushlark, Mirafra cantillans[104]
• Indian bushlark, Mirafra erythroptera
• Jerdon's bushlark, Mirafra affinis
• Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark, Eremopterix griseus
• Rufous-tailed lark, Ammomanes phoenicura
• Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla
• Malabar lark, Galerida malabarica
• Sykes's lark, Galerida deva
• Oriental skylark, Alauda gulgula

Swallows and martins

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are 75 species worldwide and 15 species which occur in India and 10 species in Karnataka.

• Grey-throated sand-martin, Riparia chinensis (Usually treated under brown-throated martin, Riparia paludicola)[1]
• Sand martin, Riparia riparia [In a wider sense, include races of pale martin, Riparia diluta which was earlier considered conspecific with this species [88][105]]
• Eurasian crag martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris[2]
• Dusky crag martin, Ptyonoprogne concolor
• Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
• Hill swallow, Hirundo domicola (Split from Pacific swallow by Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005) [106]
• Wire-tailed swallow, Hirundo smithii
• Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
• Streak-throated swallow, Hirundo fluvicola
• Common house martin, Delichon urbicum [107]

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 54 species worldwide and 20 species which occur in India and 15 in Karnataka.

• Forest wagtail, Dendronanthus indicus
• White wagtail, Motacilla alba
• White-browed wagtail, Motacilla maderaspatensis
• Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola[1][2]
• Yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava (Includes three races[88] thunbergi (dark-headed wagtail), beema (Sykes' wagtail[108]) and one of the black-headed races [109][110] feldegg (black-headed wagtail) or melanogrisea(Turkestan black-headed wagtail))
• Grey wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
• Paddy-field pipit, Anthus rufulus (Also known as Oriental pipit)
• Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris
• Blyth's pipit, Anthus godlewskii
• Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi
• Long-billed pipit, Anthus similis
• Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni
• Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus[111][112]
• Nilgiri pipit, Anthus nilghiriensis
• Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis

Cuckooshrikes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.

• Large cuckooshrike, Coracina macei
• Black-headed cuckooshrike, Coracina melanoptera
• Black-winged cuckooshrike, Coracina melaschistos [2]
• Ashy minivet, Pericrocotus divaricatus
• Small minivet, Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
• Orange minivet, Pericrocotus flammeus
• White-bellied minivet, Pericrocotus erythropygius
• Bar-winged flycatcher-shrike, Hemipus picatus

Woodshrikes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prionopidae

The woodshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes. There are 12 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in India and Karnataka.

• Large woodshrike, Tephrodornis gularis
• Common woodshrike, Tephrodornis pondicerianus

Monarch flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching. There are 99 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in India and Karnataka.

• Black-naped monarch, Hypothymis azurea
• Indian paradise flycatcher, Terpsiphone paradisi

Fantails

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhipiduridae

The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders. There are 44 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in India and only 2 in Karnataka.

• White-browed fantail, Rhipidura aureola
• White-spotted fantail, Rhipidura albogularis (Often considered a separate species from white-throated fantail, Rhipidura albicollis)

Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

• Grey-headed bulbul, Brachypodius priocephalus
• Flame-throated bulbul, Rubigula gularis (split by Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005 )
• Red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus
• White-eared bulbul, Pycnonotus leucotis (escapee [88])
• Red-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus cafer
• Yellow-throated bulbul, Pycnonotus xantholaemus[113]
• White-browed bulbul, Pycnonotus luteolus
• Yellow-browed bulbul, Iole indica
• Square-tailed bulbul, Hypsipetes ganeesa (split from black bulbul by Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005)

Ioras

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Aegithinidae

The ioras are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. There are 4 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in India and 2 in Karnataka.

• Common iora, Aegithina tiphia
• Marshall's iora, Aegithina nigrolutea [114][115][116]

Leafbirds

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Chloropseidae

The leafbirds are small, bulbul-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows. There are 9 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in India and 2 in Karnataka.

• Jerdon's leafbird, Chloropsis jerdoni (split by Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005)
• Golden-fronted leafbird, Chloropsis aurifrons

Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

• Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus (Including Philippine shrike, Lanius cristatus lucionensis also)
• Bay-backed shrike, Lanius vittatus
• Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus [117][118]
• Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach
• Great grey shrike, Lanius excubitor

Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

• Pied thrush, Geokichla wardii[119][120]
• Orange-headed thrush, Geokichla citrina [121](including white-throated ground-thrush, Zoothera citrina cyanotus)
• Nilgiri thrush, Zoothera neilgherriensis (elevated to species from scaly thrush by Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005)[2]
• Indian blackbird, Turdus simillimus (elevated to species by Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005. Includes black-capped blackbird T. s. nigropileus)
• Tickell's thrush, Turdus unicolor [122][123]
• Eyebrowed thrush, Turdus obscurus

Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

• Rufous-bellied shortwing, Myiomela major (Split from white-bellied shortwing by Robin et al. 2010.[124] also known as Nilgiri blue robin by Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005)
• Blue-capped rock thrush, Monticola cinclorhyncha
• Blue rock thrush, Monticola solitarius
• Malabar whistling thrush, Myophonus horsfieldii
• Asian brown flycatcher, Muscicapa dauurica
• Dark-sided flycatcher, Muscicapa sibrica (recorded from Nandi Hills, unpublished)
• Brown-breasted flycatcher, Muscicapa muttui
• Rusty-tailed flycatcher, Ficedula ruficauda
• Yellow-rumped flycatcher, Ficedula zanthopygia (provisional. A descriptive sight record from Bandipur in July 2006,[125][126][127])
• Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva
• Kashmir flycatcher, Fidedula subrubra [128]
• Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla [2][129]
• Ultramarine flycatcher, Ficedula superciliaris [67][130]
• Black-and-orange flycatcher, Ficedula nigrorufa[131]
• Verditer flycatcher, Eumyias thalassinus
• Nilgiri flycatcher, Eumyias albicaudatus
• Blue-throated flycatcher, Cyornis rubeculoides
• Tickell's blue flycatcher, Cyornis tickelliae
• Grey-headed canary-flycatcher, Culicicapa ceylonensis
• Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica (includes both nominate and saturatior races)
• Indian blue robin, Luscinia brunnea [132][133][134]
• Siberian rubythroat, Calliope calliope [135][A specimen of Himalayan rubythroat, Calliope pectoralis collected by Koelz from Londa has subsequently been identified as this species[2][136]]
• Oriental magpie-robin, Copsychus saularis
• White-rumped shama, Copsychus malabaricus
• Indian robin, Saxicoloides fulicatus
• Black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros
• Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus
• Pied bushchat, Saxicola caprata
• Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina [137][138]

Ground babblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pellorneidae

• Puff-throated babbler, Pellorneum ruficeps
• Quaker babbler, Alcippe poioicephala (also known as brown-cheeked fulvetta)

Laughingthrushes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Leiothrichidae

• Wynaad laughingthrush, Garrulax delesserti (=Dryonastes delesserti)
• Banasura laughingthrush, Montecincla jerdoni
• Rufous babbler, Turdoides subrufa
• Jungle babbler, Turdoides striata
• Large grey babbler, Turdoides malcolmi
• Common babbler, Turdoides caudata
• Yellow-billed babbler, Turdoides affinis

Babblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Timaliidae

The babblers, or timaliids, are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage.

• Indian scimitar babbler, Pomatorhinus horsfieldii (earlier considered conspecific with white-browed scimitar babbler, Pomatorhinus schisticeps and hence sometimes included under that species)
• Tawny-bellied babbler, Dumetia hyperythra
• Dark-fronted babbler, Rhopocichla atriceps
• Pin-striped tit-babbler, Macronus gularis

Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. There are 111 species worldwide and 16 species which occur in India and 7 in Karnataka.

• Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
• Golden-headed cisticola, Cisticola exilis [139]
• Rufous-fronted prinia, Prinia buchanani [114][140]
• Grey-breasted prinia, Prinia hodgsonii
• Jungle prinia, Prinia sylvatica
• Ashy prinia, Prinia socialis
• Plain prinia, Prinia inornata
• Common tailorbird, Orthotomus sutorius

Locustellid warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

• Common grasshopper warbler, Locustella naevia
• Broad-tailed grassbird, Schoenicola platyura [141]

Acrocephalid warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

• Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola
• Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum
• Clamorous reed warbler, Acrocephalus stentoreus
• Thick-billed warbler, Arundinax aedon[142]
• Booted warbler, Iduna caligata
• Sykes's warbler, Iduna rama

Phylloscopid warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Phylloscopidae

• Sulphur-bellied warbler, Phylloscopus griseolus
• Tickell's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus affinis
• Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus
• Hume's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus humei [143]
• Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
• Greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides
• Green warbler, Phylloscopus nitidus [2]
• Large-billed leaf warbler, Phylloscopus magnirostris
• Tytler's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus tytleri[2][143][144]
• Western crowned leaf warbler, Phylloscopus occipitalis

Old World warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

• Lesser whitethroat, Sylvia curruca
• Eastern Orphean warbler, Sylvia crassirostris
• Yellow-eyed babbler, Chrysomma sinense

Titmice

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

• Cinereous tit, Parus cinereus[145]
• Indian yellow tit, Parus aplonotus (Sometimes considered conspecific with Himalayan black-lored tit)
• White-naped tit, Parus nuchalis [146][147]

Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. There are 24 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in India and 2 in Karnataka.

• Indian nuthatch, Sitta castanea (split by Rasmussen & Anderton, 2005)
• Velvet-fronted nuthatch, Sitta frontalis

Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Nectariniidae

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. There are 131 species worldwide and 15 species which occur in India and 6 in Karnataka.

• Purple-rumped sunbird, Leptocoma zeylonica
• Vigors's sunbird or western crimson sunbird, Aethopyga vigorsii[1][148]
• Purple sunbird, Cinnyris asiaticus
• Crimson-backed sunbird, Leptocoma minima
• Long-billed sunbird, Cinnyris lotenius (also known as Loten's sunbird)
• Little spiderhunter, Arachnothera longirostra

Flowerpeckers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Dicaeidae

The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues. There are 44 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in India and 3 in Karnataka.

• Thick-billed flowerpecker, Dicaeum agile
• Pale-billed flowerpecker, Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
• Nilgiri flowerpecker, Dicaeum concolor (Split from plain flowerpecker, Dicaeum minullum)

White-eyes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

• Indian white-eye, Zosterops palpebrosus

Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. There are 29 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in India and 3 in Karnataka.

• Indian golden oriole, Oriolus kundoo (split suggested from European golden oriole.[149])
• Black-naped oriole, Oriolus chinensis
• Black-hooded oriole, Oriolus xanthornus

Fairy-bluebirds

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Irenidae

The fairy-bluebirds are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in India and in Karnataka.

• Asian fairy-bluebird, Irena puella

Drongos

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. There are 24 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in India and 6 in Karnataka.

• Black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus
• Ashy drongo, Dicrurus leucophaeus
• White-bellied drongo, Dicrurus caerulescens
• Bronzed drongo, Dicrurus aeneus
• Hair-crested drongo, Dicrurus hottentottus
• Greater racket-tailed drongo, Dicrurus paradiseus

Woodswallows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Artamidae

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings. There are 11 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in India and 1 in Karnataka.

• Ashy woodswallow, Artamus fuscus

Crows, jays, ravens and magpies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

• Rufous treepie, Dendrocitta vagabunda
• White-bellied treepie, Dendrocitta leucogastra
• House crow, Corvus splendens
• Jungle crow, Corvus macrorhynchos
  • Indian jungle crow, Corvus macrorhynchos culminatus

Starlings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

• Southern hill myna, Gracula indica
• Jungle myna, Acridotheres fuscus
• Common myna, Acridotheres tristis
• Bank myna, Acridotheres ginginianus
• Chestnut-tailed starling, Sturnia malabarica
• Malabar starling, Sturnia blythii[150]
• Brahminy starling, Sturnia pagodarum
• Common starling, Sturnus vulgaris [151]
• Rosy starling, Pastor roseus

Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season. There are 116 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in India and 3 in Karnataka.

• Streaked weaver, Ploceus manyar
• Baya weaver, Ploceus philippinus
• Black-breasted weaver, Ploceus benghalensis[152][153]

Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns. There are 141 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in India and 6 in Karnataka.

• Red avadavat, Amandava amandava
• White-throated munia, Euodice malabarica
• White-rumped munia, Lonchura striata
• Black-throated munia, Lonchura kelaarti
• Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata
• Tricoloured munia, Lonchura malacca

Buntings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. In Europe, most species are called buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. There are 275 species worldwide and 18 species which occur in India and 4 in Karnataka.

• Crested bunting, Emberiza lathami[154]
• Grey-hooded bunting, Emberiza buchanani (Also known as grey-necked bunting)
• Black-headed bunting, Emberiza melanocephala
• Red-headed bunting, Emberiza bruniceps

Siskins, crossbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. There are 137 species worldwide and 44 species which occur in India and just 1 in Karnataka.

• Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus

Sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. There are 35 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in India and 3 in Karnataka.

• House sparrow, Passer domesticus
• Yellow-throated sparrow, Gymnornis xanthocollis
• Pale rock sparrow, Carpospiza brachydactyla[155]

Notes

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2. Koelz, Walter (1942). "Notes on the birds of the Londa neighbourhood, Bombay Presidency". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 43 (1): 11–38.
3. Ali, S. & Whistler, H. (1942–1943). "The birds of Mysore". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 43–44: 130–147, 318–341, 573–595, 9–26, 206–220.
4. "Ali & Whistler (1942-43) has observed that besides an article by Phythian-Adams (1940 &1948), no literature is available extensively on birds from present study area"--Birds of Mysore Area
5. Betts, F. N. (1951–1952). "The birds of Coorg". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 50: 20–63, 224–263.
6. Praveen, J; Subramanya, S.; Raj, V. M. (2016). "A checklist of the birds of Karnataka". Indian Birds. 12 (4&5): 89–118.
7. Photo record
8. Austin, Jeremy J.; Bretagnolle, Vincent & Pasquet, Eric (2004): A global molecular phylogeny of the small Puffinus shearwaters and implications for systematics of the Little-Audubon's shearwater complex. Auk 121(3): 847–864. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0847:AGMPOT]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract HTML fulltext without images
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58. Photo record
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61. Abdulali, Humayun; Nair, Shanta 1969. Further extension of recorded southern range of Little Crake, Porzana parva (Scopoli). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
62. Photo record
63. AO Hume and CHT Marshall (1881) The Game Birds of India, Burmah, and Ceylon.
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66. Photo record
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76. Menon, S. S. (1975). "On the occurrence of the Rednecked Phalarope on inland waters in Bangalore". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 72: 846–847.
77. Photo record
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91. Photo record
92. Photo record
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98. Photo record
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100. Photo record
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104. Photo record
105. Photo record
106. Photo record
107. Photo record
108. Photo record
109. Photo record
110. Photo record
111. Photo record
112. Photo record
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115. Photo record
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118. Photo record Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
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121. Photo record
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123. Photo record
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129. Photo record
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135. Photo record
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137. Photo record
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139. Photo record
140. Photo record
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148. Photo record
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151. Ghorpade, K. D. (1974). "Occurrence of the Starling, Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, near Bangalore". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 70: 556–557.
152. Umashekar, M. & Sreevatsa, S. (2005). "Sighting of Black-breasted Weaver (Ploceus benghalensis) in Raichur - north-east Karnataka". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 45 (4): 60–61.
153. Naik, K. L. & Hosetti, B. B. (2002). "Occurrence of Black Throated Weaver Bird (Ploceus benghalensis) in the Shimoga District of Karnataka state". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 42 (5): 99–100.
154. Photo record
155. Singal, R. (2013). "Pale Rock Sparrow Carpospiza brachydactyla from Manipal, Karnataka, India". Indian Birds. 8 (3): 78.

References

• Ali, S. & Whistler, H. (1942–1943). "The birds of Mysore". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 43–44: 130–147, 318–341, 573–595, 9–26, 206–220.
• Betts, F. N. (1951–1952). "The birds of Coorg". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 50: 20–63, 224–263.
• Davidson, J. A. G. (1898). "The birds of North Kanara". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 11& 12: 682–683, 43–72.
• George, Joseph ed. (1994). Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Bangalore. Birdwatchers' Field Club of Bangalore.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
• Koelz, W. (1942). "Notes on the birds of the Londa neighbourhood, Bombay Presidency". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 43: 11–38.
• Whistler, H. & Kinnear, N. B. (1931–1937). "The Vernay Scientific Survey of the Eastern Ghats (Ornithological Section)". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 35–39: 505–524, 737–760, 67–93, 334–352, 561–590, 832–844, 96–105, 281–297, 515–528, 751–763, 26–40, 232–240, 418–437, 672–698, 246–263, 447–463.
• Rasmussen, Pamela C. & Anderton, J. C. (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions.

External links

• Mysore Nature