Kavli Prize

The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 through a joint venture between the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and The Kavli Foundation. The main objective for the Prize is to honor, support and recognize scientists for outstanding scientific work in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience and award three international prizes every second year. The Kavli Prize was awarded the first time in Oslo, 9 September 2008. The Prizes were presented by Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway. Each of the three Kavli Prizes consists of a gold medal, a scroll, and a cash award of US$1,000,000.

The Kavli Prize
Awarded for	Awarded for outstanding contributions in Astrophysics, Nanoscience and Neuroscience.
Country	Norway
Presented by	Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters The Kavli Foundation Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research
First awarded	2008
Website	http://www.kavliprize.no

Selection committees

The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters appoints the three Prize Committees consisting of leading international scientists after receiving recommendations made by the following international academies and equivalent scientific organisations:

• The Chinese Academy of Sciences
• The French Academy of Sciences
• The Max Planck Society (Germany)
• The National Academy of Sciences (US)
• The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
• The Royal Society (UK)

These distinguished panels of international scientist's reviews and recommend the prize winners on basis of a nomination process. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters administer the selection process and announce the prize winners.

Laureates

Astrophysics

Year	Laureate		Institution	Country	Citation
2008		Maarten Schmidt	California Institute of Technology		"for their seminal contributions to understanding the nature of quasars"
		Donald Lynden-Bell	Cambridge University
2010		Jerry E. Nelson	Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz		"for their contributions to the development of giant telescopes"
		Raymond N. Wilson	European Southern Observatory, Garching
		James Roger Angel	Steward Observatory, University of Arizona
2012		David C. Jewitt	University of California Los Angeles		"for discovering and characterizing the Kuiper Belt and its largest members, work that led to a major advance in the understanding of the history of our planetary system"
		Jane X. Luu	Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
		Michael E. Brown	California Institute of Technology
2014		Alan H. Guth	Massachusetts Institute of Technology		"for pioneering the theory of cosmic inflation"
		Andrei D. Linde	Stanford University
		Alexei A. Starobinsky	Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics
2016		Ronald W.P. Drever	California Institute of Technology		"for the direct detection of gravitational waves"[1]
		Kip S. Thorne	California Institute of Technology
		Rainer Weiss	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2018		Ewine van Dishoeck	Leiden University		"for her combined contributions to observational, theoretical, and laboratory astrochemistry, elucidating the life cycle of interstellar clouds and the formation of stars and planets"[2][3]
2020		Andrew Fabian	University of Cambridge		"for his groundbreaking research in the field of observational X-ray astronomy, covering a wide range of topics from gas flows in clusters of galaxies to supermassive black holes at the heart of galaxies"[4]

Nanoscience

Year	Laureate		Institution	Country	Citation
2008		Louis Brus	Columbia University		"for their large impact in the development of the nanoscience field of the zero and one dimensional nanostructures in physics, chemistry and biology"
		Sumio Iijima	Meijo University
2010		Donald Eigler	IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose		"for their development of unprecedented methods to control matter on the nanoscale"
		Nadrian C. Seeman	New York University
2012		Mildred S. Dresselhaus	Massachusetts Institute of Technology		"for her pioneering contributions to the study of phonons, electron-phonon interactions, and thermal transport in nanostructures"
2014		Thomas W. Ebbesen	University of Strasbourg		"for transformative contributions to the field of nano-optics that have broken long-held beliefs about the limitations of the resolution limits of optical microscopy and imaging"
		Stefan W. Hell	Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
		John B. Pendry	Imperial College London
2016		Gerd Binnig	IBM Zurich Research Laboratory		"for the invention and realization of atomic force microscopy, a breakthrough in measurement technology and nanosculpting that continues to have a transformative impact on nanoscience and technology"[5]
		Christoph Gerber	University of Basel
		Calvin Quate	Stanford University
2018		Emmanuelle Charpentier	Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology		"for the invention of CRISPR-Cas9, a precise nanotool for editing DNA, causing a revolution in biology, agriculture, and medicine"[6][3]
		Jennifer Doudna	University of California, Berkeley
		Virginijus Šikšnys	Vilnius University
2020		Harald Rose	Universität Ulm		“for sub-ångström resolution imaging and chemical analysis using electron beams”[7]
		Maximilian Haider	CEOS GmbH
		Knut Urban	Forschungszentrum Jülich
		Ondrej Krivanek	Nion Co

Neuroscience

Year	Laureate		Institution	Country	Citation
2008		Sten Grillner	Karolinska Institute		"for discoveries on the developmental and functional logic of neuronal circuits"
		Thomas Jessell	Columbia University
		Pasko Rakic	Yale University School of Medicine
2010		Richard H. Scheller	Genentech, South San Francisco, California		"for discovering the molecular basis of neurotransmitter release"
		Thomas C. Südhof	Stanford University School of Medicine
		James E. Rothman	Yale University
2012		Cornelia Isabella Bargmann	Rockefeller University		"for elucidating basic neuronal mechanisms underlying perception and decision"
		Winfried Denk	Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
		Ann M. Graybiel	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2014		Brenda Milner	Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University		"for the discovery of specialized brain networks for memory and cognition"
		John O’Keefe	University College London
		Marcus E. Raichle	Washington University, St.Louis
2016		Eve Marder	Brandeis University		"for the discovery of mechanisms that allow experience and neural activity to remodel brain function"[8]
		Michael M. Merzenich	University of California, San Francisco
		Carla J. Shatz	Stanford University
2018		A. James Hudspeth	Rockefeller University		"for their scientific discoveries of the molecular and neural mechanisms of hearing"[9][3]
		Robert Fettiplace	University of Wisconsin–Madison
		Christine Petit	Collège de France
2020		David Julius	University of California, San Francisco		“for their transformative discovery of receptors for temperature and pressure”.[10]
		Ardem Patapoutian	Scripps Research and Howard Hughes Medical Investigator

See also

• List of general science and technology awards
• List of astronomy awards
• List of neuroscience awards
• The Brain Prize
• Golden Brain Award
• Gruber Prize in Neuroscience
• W. Alden Spencer Award
• Karl Spencer Lashley Award
• The Mind & Brain Prize
• Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience

References

1. "2016 Kavli Prize in Astrophysics | www.kavliprize.org". www.kavliprize.org. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
2. "2018 Kavli Prize in Astrophysics | www.kavliprize.org". Kavil Prize. 2018-05-31. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
3. "Jennifer Doudna shares 2018 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience". Berkeley News. 2018-05-31. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
4. "2020 Kavli Prize in Astrophysics". www.kavliprize.org. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
5. "2016 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience | www.kavliprize.org". www.kavliprize.org. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
6. "2018 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience | www.kavliprize.org". www.kavliprize.org. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
7. 2020 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience". www.kavliprize.org. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
8. "2016 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience | www.kavliprize.org". www.kavliprize.org. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
9. "2018 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience | www.kavliprize.org". www.kavliprize.org. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
10. 2020 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience". www.kavliprize.org. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.

External links

• The Kavli Prize, official site
• The Kavli Prize on The Kavli Foundation site
• The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research