Carlini Base

Carlini Base (Spanish: Base Carlini), formerly known as Jubany Base,[1] is an Argentine permanent base and scientific research station named after scientist Alejandro Ricardo Carlini (previously it had been named after Argentine naval pilot José Isidro Jubany).[1] It is located on Potter Cove, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands.

Carlini Station

    Ex Jubany[upper-alpha 1]
Antarctic base
Base Carlini
Carlini with mount Tres Hermanos
(English: Three Brothers) in the background
Carlini Station
Location of Carlini Station in Antarctica
Coordinates: 62°14′18″S 58°40′04″W
Country Argentina
ProvinceTierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands Province
DepartmentAntártida Argentina
RegionSouth Shetland Islands
LocationPotter Cove
King George Island
Antarctica
EstablishedNovember 21, 1953 (1953-11-21)
(1953–54 austral summer season)
Named forAlejandro Ricardo Carlini
Government
 • TypeDirectorate
 • BodyArgentine National Antarctic Directorate
Elevation
10 m (30 ft)
Population
  • Up to 100
Time zoneUTC-3 (ART)
TypeAll year-round
PeriodAnnual
StatusOperational
Facilities
  • Main house
  • Heliport
  • Emergency house
  • Technical staff houses
  • General personnel houses
  • Infirmary
  • Radio station
  • Main and auxiliary power plants
  • Vehicle fleet
  • Vehicle garage
  • Workshop
  • Laboratories (2: meteorology, seismography, biology, oceanography)
  • Geodetic GPS receiver station
  • Seismography station
  • Warehouse and deposits
  • Freezing chamber
  • Waste treatment station
  • Various multiple use buildings
  • Movie theater

As of 2014, Carlini is one of 13 research bases in Antarctica operated by Argentina.[2]

History

Potter Cove, in the southwestern region of the King George Island (known as Isla 25 de Mayo in Argentina) in the South Shetland archipelago was chosen around 1953 to host an Argentine naval station for amphibious aircraft support.[3]

The refuge was established on 21 November 1953, being temporarily called Refugio Potter and then Caleta Potter Naval Station. In the summer campaign of 1953–54 the shelter was inhabited by only three men.[3] It was proposed to name the base after naval aviator Jose Isidro Jubany, killed on duty on 14 September 1948; the station was thus renamed as Teniente Jubany in the course of the 1954–55 campaign.[3]

In the summer campaign of 1957–1958 two groups of scientists working for the Argentine Antarctic Institute conducted geological survey work in the area, collecting petrographic and paleontological samples to study local geological upward movements. Dr. Otto Schneider was head of the first group and Osvaldo C. Schauer, chief of the second.[3]

In 1982 the naval station facilities were transferred to the Argentine Antarctic Institute and the station was upgraded to the status of base, being inaugurated as such on 12 February.[3]

In 1990 the Alfred Wegener Institute of marine research, Germany, began talks with the Argentine National Antarctic Institute, dealing with the installation of on-site laboratories and aquariums with modern equipment for scientific research. This new facility—named Dallmann Laboratory—was inaugurated on 20 January 1994, has an area of 250 m2 (2,700 sq ft) and was built in mainland Argentina, disassembled, carried by ship to Potter Cove, and reassembled at the base.[3]

In 1994 the LAJUB laboratory for greenhouse effect research was installed in collaboration with the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IFA), Italy.[3]

On 5 March 2012, by decree 309/2012 of the Executive, the base was renamed to Base Carlini, after the late researcher Dr. Alejandro Ricardo Carlini, of distinguished trajectory in Antarctic scientific studies.[3]

On 8 December 2013 Metallica performed a concert at the base, under a small specially-built dome and without amplification due to environmental concerns. The show was streamed worldwide.[4]

Description

Since its upgrade to base status in 1982, Carlini's facilities have been continuously improved; as of 2014 they include: main, emergency, technical staff and personnel houses; weather station; LAJUB Laboratory; Dallmann Laboratory; infirmary; radio station; power plant (both main and auxiliary, just for emergencies); garage and workhouse; freezing chamber; warehouse for supplies; incinerator and compactor for residues; installations for fuel pump, heat generation and fuel filtering and purification; various multiple use buildings; fuel tank array; antenna; heliport; geodetic GPS receiver station and seismography station.[3] This adds to a maximum lodging capacity for 60 people. As of 2014 it has an average winter population of 20 people.

The base is located next to a colony of more than 16,000 penguins and 650 sea lions. The usual route to reach the base includes a flight from Ushuaia to Marambio Base, and then sailing for a few days.

Carlini enables scientists from different areas to develop advanced research projects in the disciplines of the natural sciences. These tasks increase during the more active summer campaigns. For example, there have been studies on human behavior and its biochemical correlations; ecological aspects of benthic, planktonic and coastal populations; censuses within pinniped colonies (mainly elephant seals and fur seals); physical chemistry and biology of lakes, ponds and other water bodies; tracing of ecotoxicological elements in the Antarctic ecosystem; continuous monitoring of long-term sea level in geology and geophysics operations; coastal ecology and microbiology; effect of UV radiation on marine phytoplankton and bacteria; etc.[3]

Panoramic photo of Carlini Base, 2008 austral summer

Dallmann Laboratory

At the Dallmann Laboratory—a German-Argentine cooperation project—multidisciplinary joint research programs are carried out in the fields of biology; coastal and terrestrial ecology; terrestrial wildlife (mostly elephants and seals); pollution effects on birds and fish populations; oceanography; coastal geology; etc.

The lab has three modules for bedrooms, bathroom and living-dining room, two modules for laboratories and one for the engine room and dive locker. It also has four containers for laboratory and aquarium use donated by Germany.[3] It is equipped with several scientific instruments and vehicles provided by Germany: lyophilizer, stereo microscopes, freezers, a small hyperbaric chamber for transport, scuba diving equipment, aquariums, a rigid hull boat and a Kässbohrer tracked vehicle.[3][5]

The Argentine Antarctic Institute, the Netherlands Geosciences Foundation and the Alfred Wegener Institute signed an agreement to provide a biological purification plant ceded by the Netherlands. It consists of a scrubber tank, a treatment and sludge drying plant, as well as facilities and equipment for process control and monitoring, and a set of basic spare parts and fuel reserves.[3]

  • Dallmann Laboratory, a German–Argentine cooperation project
German-Argentine joint inauguration of the Dallmann Laboratory in 1994

LACAR Laboratories

The LACAR (Laboratorio Antártico Multidisciplinario Carlini) laboratories -former 'LAJUB' when the station designation was Jubany- are formed by two facilities / buildings: LACAR-Cabildo and LACAR-Catedral.

Of these two buildings, the LACAR-Cabildo is focused on hosting and maintaining different kinds of equipment -belonging to many projects- for the purposes of data collection; while the LACAR-Catedral holds four laboratories for sample handling and analysis related to various scientific disciplines.

This two buildings, like the rest of the Multidisciplinary Laboratories at the Argentinean permanent Antarctic Stations (LAMBI -at Marambio station-, LABEL -at Belgrano II station-, LABES -at Esperanza station-, LABORC -at Orcadas Station- and LASAN -at San Martín station) are managed by the Scientific Coordination area of the Argentinean Antarctic Institute.

Climate
Climate data for Carlini Base (1985–2010, extremes 1986–2017)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 12.7
(54.9)		 10.4
(50.7)		 11.0
(51.8)		 8.7
(47.7)		 7.2
(45.0)		 8.6
(47.5)		 6.5
(43.7)		 5.4
(41.7)		 9.0
(48.2)		 9.1
(48.4)		 8.5
(47.3)		 11.5
(52.7)		 12.7
(54.9)
Average high °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9)		 4.0
(39.2)		 2.8
(37.0)		 0.6
(33.1)		 −0.9
(30.4)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 0.1
(32.2)		 1.6
(34.9)		 3.2
(37.8)		 0.5
(32.9)
Average low °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9)		 0.2
(32.4)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 −3.9
(25.0)		 −5.9
(21.4)		 −8.3
(17.1)		 −9.3
(15.3)		 −8.1
(17.4)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 −4.1
(24.6)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 −4.1
(24.6)
Record low °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4)		 −7.0
(19.4)		 −10.0
(14.0)		 −18.5
(−1.3)		 −24.5
(−12.1)		 −24.0
(−11.2)		 −27.3
(−17.1)		 −25.5
(−13.9)		 −23.5
(−10.3)		 −18.0
(−0.4)		 −11.6
(11.1)		 −9.0
(15.8)		 −27.3
(−17.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 45.9
(1.81)		 54.4
(2.14)		 59.9
(2.36)		 49.9
(1.96)		 65.2
(2.57)		 36.9
(1.45)		 33.7
(1.33)		 23.6
(0.93)		 33.8
(1.33)		 42.7
(1.68)		 35.8
(1.41)		 37.7
(1.48)		 519.5
(20.45)
Source: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (precipitation 2001–2010)[6][7]
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See also

References
Notes
  1. Before presidential decree 309/2012, which changed its name to the present one
  2. Operated by Argentine Antarctic Institute
Citations
  1. Dias, Gisele Sousa (6 March 2012). "Por primera vez, una base antártica argentina tendrá el nombre de un científico". Clarín (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  2. "Argentine Antarctic Stations". Dirección Nacional del Antártico — Argentina. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013.
  3. "Base Carlini" (in Spanish). Fundaciòn Marambio. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013.
  4. "Journey To The BOTTOM Of The Earth". Metallica. 24 October 2013. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013.
  5. "Expedition Program Antarctica (ANT - Land 2009/2010)" (PDF). Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research. October 2009. p. 36. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  6. "Estadísticas Normales del mes–Base Carlini, Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  7. "Estadísticas climáticas: Base Carlini, Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur". Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
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