Casey Station

Casey Station, commonly called Casey, is one of three permanent stations and research outposts in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Casey lies on the northern side of the Bailey Peninsula overlooking Vincennes Bay on the Budd Coast of Wilkes Land in the Australian Antarctic Territory, a territory claimed by Australia. Casey is 3,880 kilometres (2,410 mi) due south of Perth, Western Australia.

Casey Station
Antarctic base
Casey Station, viewed from the air.
Location on Bailey Peninsula
Casey Station
Location of Casey Station in Antarctica
Coordinates: 66°16′57″S 110°31′36″E
Country Australia
TerritoryAustralian Antarctic Territory
SubdivisionWilkes Land
Administered byAustralian Antarctic Division
EstablishedFebruary 1969 (1969-02)
Named forRichard, Baron Casey
Elevation
30 m (100 ft)
Population
 • Total
  • Summer: 150-160
  • Winter: 16-20
Time zoneUTC+8 (CAST)
TypeAll year-round
PeriodAnnual
StatusOperational
FacilitiesFacilities include:[1]
  • Wilkins airstrip
  • Accommodation with private bedrooms and shared bathrooms
  • Communal living area with indoor climbing, a home theatre, a gym, a photographic dark room, a library and communal sitting areas
  • Meteorological Centre
  • Hydroponics building (lettuce, green vegetables, tomatoes and fresh herbs are grown)
Websiteaad.gov.au

Casey was named in honour of Richard, Baron Casey.[2][3]

History

Casey is close to the now-abandoned Wilkes Station, established by the United States of America to support science and exploration of Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1957–1958.

Australia took over Wilkes after the IGY, but the American buildings were already unusable due to the build-up of ice around them. Australia built the first Casey Base, originally as 'Repstat', referring to 'replacement station',[4] on the opposite south side of the Newcomb Bay in 1964, with works completed in February 1969.[2] This set of buildings was a unique attempt to prevent the problem of ice build-up by elevating the buildings on stilts, to encourage the wind to blow beneath as well as above, and connecting the entire line of buildings with a corrugated iron tunnel.[2] This would, it was hoped, clear the buildup of snow each year, while allowing personnel to move between buildings without having to brave the elements.[4] It worked for some time until corrosion occurred.[2]

The current Casey Station headquarters (the "Red Shed") was built in the late 1980s as part of the Australian Government's Antarctic Re-building Program. It was prefabricated in Hobart, Tasmania, by Hobart construction firm Contas Pty Ltd; trial-erected on the wharf at Hobart; then dismantled, packaged and shipped to Antarctica. Erected at Casey by tradespeople employed as workers on the normal summer expedition crews, it incorporates innovative design features to prevent the transfer of heat through the structure. The "Shed" is conspicuously located near the top of the hill on which the old radio masts stood. It is probably the largest single structure on Antarctica and was first occupied in 1988. The station has two other sheds, the green shed for storing food and the yellow shed for brewing. Homebrew beer is served at the station's bar, "Splinters".[5]

Current research

Since 2008, scientists based at Casey have contributed to research into study of the Law Dome, the bedrock geology and structure of the East Antarctic ice sheet and its glaciological processes. In more recent years, Casey has served as a base for marine biologists to examine changes to polar seafloor communities exposed to different carbon dioxide concentrations. Adélie penguin research is conducted at Casey. Scientists are also studying the influence of climate change and human impact on extensive and well developed moss beds that grow at and near Casey.[6]

Infrastructure

Airstrips
Casey Station Skiway
Location east of Casey Station proper
Summary
Airport typePrivate
OperatorAustralian Antarctic Division
LocationBudd Coast
Wilkes Land
Time zone(UTC+8)
Elevation AMSL1,179 ft / 359 m
Coordinates66°17′17″S 110°45′27″E
Map
Casey Station Skiway
Location of airfield in Antarctica
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
9/27 6,547 1,996 Ice

Casey is significant as a transport hub for the Australian Antarctic program, with the introduction of intercontinental jet flights for scientists and operational staff from Hobart to the Wilkins ice runway, 65 kilometres (40 mi) inland from Casey station. The inaugural landing of the AAD's Airbus A319 aircraft was on the evening of 9 December 2007.[7]

The smaller Casey Station Skiway (66°17′17″S 110°45′27″E) is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the station, and opened on 30 December 2004.

In March 2009, the Australian ABC Foreign Correspondent international affairs television program featured air operations at Casey Station as part of a report titled Antarctica - What Lies Beneath.[8]

Access methods

Access to Casey is possible via a four-hour flight from Hobart, Tasmania, followed by a four-hour ride in an over-snow bus.[9]

Road

The old and new stations are connected by a 1.5-kilometre-long (0.93 mi) road.[5][10] The road is excavated by a bulldozer/excavator set at the end of every winter, providing a means to get supplies from the wharf to the new station, leaving ice walls 8 metres (26 ft) tall in places.[11]

Earth Stations

Casey has a dome-covered satellite tracking antenna. The antenna was upgraded in March 2016[12] to communicate with a Himawari-8 satellite, allowing the station to monitor and track weather related information.[13] There is also an ANARESAT satellite for communication.[14]

Climate

Casey Station experiences a polar climate:

Climate data for Casey Station
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6)		 6.6
(43.9)		 3.6
(38.5)		 3.0
(37.4)		 4.5
(40.1)		 4.2
(39.6)		 2.4
(36.3)		 5.0
(41.0)		 3.9
(39.0)		 1.1
(34.0)		 4.9
(40.8)		 8.0
(46.4)		 9.2
(48.6)
Average high °C (°F) 2.2
(36.0)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 −4.1
(24.6)		 −7.5
(18.5)		 −11.1
(12.0)		 −10.4
(13.3)		 −10.2
(13.6)		 −10.2
(13.6)		 −9.7
(14.5)		 −8.0
(17.6)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 1.4
(34.5)		 −5.9
(21.4)
Average low °C (°F) −2.6
(27.3)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −9.8
(14.4)		 −14.6
(5.7)		 −18.5
(−1.3)		 −18.3
(−0.9)		 −18.4
(−1.1)		 −18
(0)		 −17.1
(1.2)		 −15.1
(4.8)		 −9.0
(15.8)		 −3.7
(25.3)		 −12.5
(9.5)
Record low °C (°F) −10.3
(13.5)		 −18.0
(−0.4)		 −22.3
(−8.1)		 −31.3
(−24.3)		 −34.4
(−29.9)		 −34.1
(−29.4)		 −33.3
(−27.9)		 −37.5
(−35.5)		 −31.2
(−24.2)		 −31.2
(−24.2)		 −23.4
(−10.1)		 −13.0
(8.6)		 −37.5
(−35.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 9.3
(0.37)		 15.2
(0.60)		 18.0
(0.71)		 20.6
(0.81)		 25.6
(1.01)		 27.5
(1.08)		 28.5
(1.12)		 21.0
(0.83)		 17.3
(0.68)		 16.5
(0.65)		 12.7
(0.50)		 12.9
(0.51)		 222.5
(8.76)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 6.6 7.5 8.9 9.3 9.7 11.2 10.3 8.5 8.6 8.1 5.9 5.9 100.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 161.2 135.6 99.2 60.0 21.7 3.0 12.4 43.4 87.0 139.5 213.0 182.9 1,158.9
Source: Bureau of Meteorology [15]
gollark: I know zstandard is able to compress long strings of random ASCII digits effectively, for instance.
gollark: It'll destroy its ability to detect other patterns.
gollark: And is probably capable of efficiently compressing limited charsets *anyway*.
gollark: It would be bad because most compression stuff works at byte level IIRC.
gollark: Unless you have bigint cells, sure.

See also

References
  1. "Living at Casey". Australian Antarctic Division. Department of the Environment, Australian Government. 18 December 2006. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  2. "Casey station: a brief history". Australian Antarctic Division.
  3. Australian Philatelic Bulletin, Vol. 16, p. 28
  4. "Founding Davis and Casey". Australian Antarctic Magazine. Australian Antarctic Division (22). 2012. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012.
  5. Rubin, Jeff (2008). Antarctica. Lonely Planet. p. 314. ISBN 9781741045499.
  6. "Casey science". Australian Antarctic Division. 17 August 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  7. "History-making flight a breeze". Australian Antarctic Division.
  8. Corcoran, Mark (3 March 2009). "What Lies Beneath?" (streaming video and transcript). Foreign Correspondent. Australia: ABC TV.
  9. Phillips, Nicky (1 March 2014). "Life at Antarctica's Casey station". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  10. Road From the Station to Old Casey (PDF) (Topographical map). Australian Antarctic Data Centre. 1999.
  11. "The annual Casey road building challenge", This week at Casey, Australian Antarctic Division, 21 November 2014
  12. "This week at Casey: 4 March 2016". www.antarctica.gov.au. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 26 April 2017. G'Day from BOM ... This week, BOM staff have been busy finalising the replacement of the weather satellite reception systems.
  13. "About environmental satellites". www.bom.gov.au. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  14. "Australian Antarctic Magazine Issue 10" (PDF). www.antarctica.gov.au. Australian Antarctic Division. 1 March 2006. Retrieved 26 April 2017. he first satellite earth-station, which includes a 7.3 m dish antenna, was installed and commissioned at Davis in March 1987. Mawson was commissioned in January 1988, Casey in March 1988, and Macquarie Island in December 1988.
  15. "Climate Statistics for Casey". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
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