James A. Michener

James A. Michener
James A. Michener
	Michener in 1991
Born	February 3, 1907; Doylestown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died	October 16, 1997 (aged 90); Austin, Texas, U.S.
Occupation	Author, philanthropist, teacher, academic, naval officer and political advisor
Alma mater	Swarthmore College; University of St Andrews; University of Northern Colorado;
Genre	Historical fiction
Notable works	Tales of the South Pacific (1946)
Notable awards	Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (1948); Presidential Medal of Freedom (1977);

James Albert Michener (/ˈmɪtʃənər/ or /ˈmɪtʃnər/;[1] February 3, 1907 – October 16, 1997) was an American author. He wrote more than 40 books, most of which were lengthy, fictional family sagas covering the lives of many generations in particular geographic locales and incorporating solid history. Michener had numerous bestsellers and works selected for Book of the Month Club, and was known for his meticulous research behind the books.[2]

Michener's books include Tales of the South Pacific for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948, Hawaii, The Drifters, Centennial, The Source, The Fires of Spring, Chesapeake, Caribbean, Caravans, Alaska, Texas, Space, and Poland, as well as The Bridges at Toko-ri. His non-fiction works include Iberia, about his travels in Spain and Portugal; his memoir titled The World Is My Home; and Sports in America. Return to Paradise combines fictional short stories with Michener's factual descriptions of the Pacific areas where they take place.[2]

His first book was adapted as the popular Broadway musical South Pacific by Rodgers and Hammerstein, and later as eponymous feature films in 1958 and 2001, adding to his financial success. A number of his other stories and novels were adapted for films or TV series.

He also wrote an analysis of the United States' Electoral College system in a book which condemned it, entitled Presidential Lottery: The Reckless Gamble in Our Electoral System. It was published in 1969, and republished in 2014 and 2016.[3]

Biography

Michener wrote that he did not know who his biological parents were, or exactly when or where he was born.[2] He was raised a Quaker by an adoptive mother, Mabel Michener, in Doylestown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.[4]

Michener graduated from Doylestown High School in 1925. He attended Swarthmore College, in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, where he played basketball and was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. After graduating summa cum laude in 1929, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and History, he traveled and studied in Scotland at the University of St Andrews in the medieval town of St. Andrews, Fife on the coast of the North Sea for two years.[5]

Michener took a job as a high school English teacher at The Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. From 1933 to 1936, he taught English at George School in Newtown, Pennsylvania. He attended Colorado State Teachers College in Greeley, Colorado, (in 1970 renamed the University of Northern Colorado), where he earned a Master of Arts degree in Education.[4] After graduation, he taught at the university and at College High School (the University Lab School) for several years. The library at the University of Northern Colorado was named after him in October 1972.[6][7][8]

In 1935, Michener married Patti Koon. He accepted a Guest Lecturer position at Harvard, from 1939 to 1940, but left to join Macmillan Publishers as their social studies education editor.[4]

Although as a Quaker he could have qualified as a conscientious objector and not been drafted into the military, Michener enlisted in the United States Navy during World War II (1941–1945).[9][10][11] He traveled throughout the South Pacific Ocean on various assignments which he gained because his base commanders mistakenly thought his father was Admiral Marc Mitscher.[12] His experiences during these travels inspired the stories published in his breakout work Tales of the South Pacific.[4]

In 1960, Michener was chairman of the Bucks County committee to elect Democrat John F. Kennedy as the 35th President. In 1962, he unsuccessfully ran as a Democratic Party candidate for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, a decision he later considered a misstep. "My mistake was to run in 1962 as a Democratic candidate for Congress. [My wife] kept saying, 'Don't do it, don't do it.' I lost and went back to writing books."[4]

In 1968, Michener served as the campaign manager for the third-term run of the twice-elected U.S. Senator Joseph S. Clark of Pennsylvania.[13] Michener later served as Secretary for the 1967–1968 Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention.[4] Also that year, Michener was a member of the Electoral College, serving as a Pennsylvania Democrat. He wrote about that experience in a political science text Presidential Lottery: The Reckless Gamble in Our Electoral System, which was published the following year. In it, he suggested alternate systems, including using a direct popular vote by majority for the office of President of the United States and other more creative solutions.

Writing career

Michener's typewriter at the James A. Michener Art Museum in Doylestown, Pennsylvania

Michener began his writing career during World War II, when as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy he was assigned to the South Pacific as a naval historian. He later turned his notes and impressions into Tales of the South Pacific (1947), his first book, published when he was age 40. It won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1948, and Rodgers and Hammerstein adapted it as the hit Broadway musical South Pacific, which premiered on Broadway in New York City in 1949.[14] The musical was also adapted as eponymous feature films in 1958 and 2001.

In the late 1950s, Michener began working as a roving editor for the Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature. He gave up that work in 1970.

Michener tried television writing but was unsuccessful. American television producer Bob Mann wanted Michener to co-create a weekly anthology series from Tales of the South Pacific and serve as narrator. Rodgers and Hammerstein, however, had bought all dramatic rights to the novel and did not relinquish their ownership.[15] Michener did lend his name to a different television series, Adventures in Paradise, in 1959, starring Gardner McKay as Captain Adam Troy in the sailing ship Tiki III.[16]

Michener was a popular writer during his lifetime; his novels sold an estimated 75 million copies worldwide.[17] His novel Hawaii (1959), well-timed on its publication when Hawaii became the 50th state, was based on extensive research. He used this approach for nearly all of his subsequent novels, which were based on detailed historical, cultural, and even geological research. Centennial (1974), which documented several generations of families in the Rocky Mountains of the American West, was adapted as a popular 12-part television miniseries of the same name and aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC television network) from October 1978 through February 1979.[18]

In 1996, State House Press published James A. Michener: A Bibliography, compiled by David A. Groseclose. Its more than 2,500 entries from 1923 to 1995 include magazine articles, forewords, and other works.[19]

Michener's prodigious output made for lengthy novels, several of which run more than 1,000 pages. The author states in My Lost Mexico (1992) that at times he would spend 12 to 15 hours per day at his typewriter for weeks on end, and that he used so much paper, his filing system had trouble keeping up.

Marriages

Michener was married three times. In 1935, he married Patti Koon. In 1948, they divorced, and the same year Michener married his second wife, Vange Nord.[2]

Michener met his third wife, Mari Yoriko Sabusawa, at a luncheon in Chicago. An American, she and her Japanese parents were interned in western camps that the U.S. government set up during the early years of World War II to hold ethnic Japanese from West Coast / Pacific communities. Michener divorced Nord in 1955 and married Sabusawa the same year. Sabusawa died in 1994.[2]

Michener's novel Sayonara (1954) is quasi-autobiographical.[4] Set during the early 1950s, it tells the story of Major Lloyd Gruver, a United States Air Force ace jet pilot in the Korean War (1950–1953), now stationed in Japan, who falls in love with Hana-Ogi, a Japanese woman. The novel follows their cross-cultural romance and illuminates the racism of the post-World War II time period. In 1957 it was adapted into the highly successful movie Sayonara which starred Marlon Brando, James Garner, Miiko Taka, and Red Buttons; Buttons won the 1958 Academy Award ("Oscar") for best supporting actor for his performance.[20]

Philanthropist

Michener became a major philanthropist, donating more than $100 million to educational, cultural, and writing institutions, including his alma mater, Swarthmore College, the Iowa Writers Workshop, and the James A. Michener Art Museum,[21] and more than $37 million to University of Texas at Austin. By 1992, his gifts made him UT Austin's largest single donor to that time. Over the years, Mari Michener played a major role in helping direct his donations.[2]

In 1989, Michener donated the royalty earnings from the Canadian edition of his novel Journey (1989), published in Canada by McClelland & Stewart, to create the Journey Prize, an annual Canadian literary prize worth $10,000 (CDN) that is awarded for the year's best short story published by an emerging Canadian writer.

Final years and death

The creative team and star of South Pacific, L–R: Joshua Logan, Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II, Mary Martin, and Michener (1949)

In the Micheners' final years, he and his wife lived in Austin, Texas, and they endowed the Michener Center for Writers at the University of Texas at Austin. The Center provides three-year Michener Fellowships in fiction, poetry, playwriting and screenwriting to a small number of students.[22][23]

Suffering from terminal kidney disease, in October 1997, Michener ended the daily dialysis treatment that had kept him alive for four years. He said he had accomplished what he wanted and did not want further physical complications. On October 16, 1997, he died of kidney failure, at age 90.[2][14] Michener was cremated, and his ashes were placed next to those of his wife at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery in Austin, Texas.[24]

Bequests

Michener left most of his estate and book copyrights to Swarthmore College, where he earned his bachelor's degree.[25] He had donated his papers to the University of Northern Colorado, where he earned his master's degree.[2]

Honors

Michener in 1985

In 1971, Michener was awarded the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement[26]
In 1981, Michener was awarded the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates in St. Louis, Missouri.
In 1993, the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation awarded Michener its "Lone Sailor Award" for his naval war service and his literary achievements.[27]
In 1994, Michener endorsed the naming as "Michener's" the restaurant at Iririki Island Resort, Port Vila, Vanuatu. He wrote:

Many of the fondest memories of my travels stem back to my years of military service in the New Hebrides – (now Vanuatu) – during the Pacific War years of the early 1940s...While those beautiful islands have changed much with progress in the ensuing years, I know from subsequent visits that the friendliness of the peoples, their infectious smiles and their open-heartedness will remain forever one of life's treasures.[28]

Posthumous

Michener is honored by a memorial headstone at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin.[29]
On May 12, 2008, the United States Postal Service honored him with a 59¢ Distinguished Americans series postage stamp.[30]
The Library at The University of Northern Colorado in Greeley, Colorado, his alma mater, is named "The James Michener Library" in his honor. On the mezzanine, there is a small display of his effects, including one of his typewriters.[31]
In 1998, the Raffles Hotel in Singapore named one of their suites after the author, in memory of his patronage and affection for the hotel. Michener first stayed at the Singapore hotel in 1949 after World War II. In a 1987 interview, he said it was a luxury for him, a young man, to stay at the Raffles Hotel then, and that he had the time of his life. He returned on a later trip. The suite was officially christened by Steven J. Green, Ambassador of United States to Singapore.[14]

James A. Michener Art Museum

James Michener Museum in Doylestown, Pennsylvania

Opened in 1988, in Michener's hometown of Doylestown, Pennsylvania, the James A. Michener Art Museum houses collections of local and well-known artists. Michener pledged $5.5 million to the museum in 1996.[2] Constructed from the remains of an old state prison, the museum is a non-profit organization with both permanent and rotating collections. Two prominent permanent fixtures are the James A. Michener display room and the Nakashima Reading Room, constructed in honor of his third wife's Japanese heritage. The museum is known for its permanent collection of Pennsylvania Impressionist paintings.

James A. Michener Society

The James A. Michener Society was formed in the fall of 1998. It comprises people who share a common interest and admirers of Michener's life and work.[32] The society sponsors a variety of activities and publishes an electronic internet newsletter. Annual meetings of members are held at locations closely associated with Michener's life.[32] The society's purpose is to:[32]

Preserve the intellectual legacy of James A. Michener as a writer, teacher, historian, public servant, patriot, and philanthropist
Ensure that future generations have full access to all his writings
Promote the exchange of ideas and information about his writings
Encourage fellowship among readers of his writings
Inform devotees and members of the Society about recent publications and critiques of his writings

Works

In addition to writing novels, short stories, and non-fiction, Michener was very involved with movies, TV series, and radio. The following is only a selection of the listings in the Library of Congress files.

Books—fiction

Title	Year Published	Description
Tales of the South Pacific	1947	Pulitzer Prize winning collection of sequentially related short stories about World War II.[33]
The Fires of Spring	1949	This coming of age tale follows orphan David Harper as he navigates life and love in America.
Return to Paradise	1950	Eight essays, each describing a South Pacific Island, and followed by a short story about that island.[34]
The Bridges at Toko-ri	1953	This short novel chronicles the lives of young, American servicemen fighting in the Korean War.
Sayonara	1954	Set during the early 1950s, it tells the story of Major Gruver, a soldier stationed in Japan, who falls in love with Hana-Ogi, a Japanese woman. The novel follows their cross-cultural Japanese romance and illuminates the racism of the post-World War II time period.
Hawaii	1959	This historical novel spans centuries of Hawaiian history, exploring the myriad influences that have shaped the people and landscapes of the state.
Caravans	1963	Framed through the eyes of an American diplomat looking for an American woman married to an Afghan engineer, this novel explores the cultural shifts in post World War II Afghanistan.
The Source	1965	In The Source, Michener recounts the origins and rise of Judaism starting with early Hebrews and carrying the reader all the way through to the modern Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
The Drifters	1971	The Drifters examines the lives of young travelers as they search for meaning in the post-Vietnam war era.
Centennial	1974	Centennial, one of Michener's most critically acclaimed novels, tells the story of Colorado, the Centennial State, from its geologic origins up to the 1976 Bicentennial.
Chesapeake	1978	This novel recounts the history of a Maryland coastal community in Michener's trademark style.
The Watermen	1978	An excerpt from his larger novel, Chesapeake, which was published by Random House the same year.
The Covenant	1980	From the pre-historic bushmen to British colonists, Michener traces the history of South Africa from its origins to the Second Boer War.
Space	1982	The lives of scientists, astronauts, and politicians intertwine in this fictional account of the United States Space program.
Poland	1983	Inspired by his travels in Poland, this Michener novel examines Polish history and culture from the 1200s up until the 1980s.
Texas	1985	In this book, which spans over 400 years, Michener chronicles the origins, history and culture of Texas.
Legacy	1987	Legacy presents a fictionalized account of the Iran-contra scandal through the eyes of a conflicted US Lieutenant Colonel.
Alaska	1988	This novel traces the background of Alaska from prehistory, through the gold rush, and into World War II.
Caribbean	1989	This novel explores the history of the Caribbean, telling of the arrival of Columbus, the days of the buccaneers, the rise of the Jamaican sugar plantations, and moves up to the problems of the present day.
Journey	1989	Journey, based on a chapter from Alaska, follows the trials and tribulations of a British mining expedition during the Klondike Gold Rush.
The Novel	1991	The Novel tells the story of a book, from its creation to publication, through the intersecting narratives of a writer, editor, reader, and critic.
Mexico	1992	American journalist, Norman Clay, arrives in Mexico not only to report on a duel between two celebrated matadors but to learn more about his family's past.
Recessional	1994	Recessional, Michener's final novel, presents the challenges faced by a doctor caring for an unusual patient in a Florida hospice facility.
Miracle in Seville	1995	Told through the eyes of an American writer, Miracle in Seville explores bullfighting culture in Spain.
Matecumbe	2007	Set in Florida, Matecumbe is a small, character-driven story detailing the relationship of a mother and daughter, both divorced and living parallel lives.

Books — non-fiction

Title	Year published	Notes
The Future of the Social Studies ("The Problem of the Social Studies")	1939	Editor
The Voice of Asia	1951	The Voice of Asia, a compilation of fifteen articles published in 1951, presents Michener's personal experiences travelling through Asia after World War II.
The Floating World	1954	Michener, in the text accompanying these prints, details how Japanese printmakers in the Edo period kept their art alive in the face of government restrictions.
The Bridge at Andau	1957	Michener chronicles the experience of hundreds of refugees, fleeing brutal persecution by the Hungarian State Security Police
Rascals in Paradise	1957	In this collection of short stories, Michener and Day present the thrilling tales of ten real life adventurers.
Japanese Prints: From the Early Masters to the Modern	1959	Featuring text written by Michener, this book presents sketches made by the artist Jack Levine during a trip to Japan.. Also features notes by Richard Lane
Report of the County Chairman	1961	Michener, who served as the Chairman of the Bucks County Citizens for Kennedy Committee, recounts the process of campaigning for John F. Kennedy in Pennsylvania.
The Modern Japanese Print: An Appreciation	1968	In this limited edition book, Michener provides commentary on ten works by Japanese woodblock print masters.
Iberia	1968	In this nonfiction travelogue, Michener explores the culture, history, and geography of Portugal and Spain.
Presidential Lottery	1969	Written in the run up to the 1972 election, this non-fiction volume examines the limitations of the US electoral system and proposes reforms.
The Quality of Life	1970	Michener presents his reflections and criticisms of US politics and culture in the 1970s as well as his recommendations for the future.
Kent State: What Happened and Why	1971	In Kent State, Michener investigates the 1970 shooting of unarmed college students by the Ohio National Guard.
Michener Miscellany – 1950/1970	1973	This compilation of essays features works by Michener published between 1950 and 1970.
Firstfruits, A Harvest of 25 Years of Israeli Writing	1973	Edited by Michener, Firstfruits collects outstanding Israeli short fiction from the first 25 years of the country's existence.
Sports in America	1976	In this non-fiction volume, Michener examines the phenomenon of sports culture in America and its inherent issues.
About Centennial: Some Notes on the Novel	1978	In this unique offering from Michener, he outlines the process of writing Centennial in this book distributed only to libraries and select booksellers.
James A Michener's USA: The People and the Land	1981	Edited by Peter Chaitin; foreword by Michener
Collectors, Forgers — And A Writer: A Memoir	1983	Michener reflects on early influences in his life in this limited edition book.
Six Days in Havana	1989	Based on his research trip to Cuba for his novel Caribbean, Six Days in Havana presents Michener's recollection of the vibrant people and landscapes he encountered in Havana.
Pilgrimage: A Memoir of Poland and Rome	1990	Part travelogue, part memoir, in Pilgrimage Michener recounts his travels to Poland and Italy and reflects on his relationships with Pope John Paul II, Stan Musial, and others.
The Eagle and the Raven	1990	Recounts the period in Texas history when renegade Sam Houston emigrated to the Mexican state of Tejas and helped lead the 1836 revolution against Mexican president Santa Anna
My Lost Mexico	1992	Michener recounts the process of writing and editing Mexico, a novel which he sat aside for 30 years before finishing it in 1992.
The World Is My Home	1992	The World is my Home, Michener's widest arching memoir, presents the writer's reflections on both his life and career.
Creatures of the Kingdom	1993	Collection of fifteen animal-focused segments from Hawaii, Centennial, Chesapeake, The Covenant, Texas and Alaska, and one original story.
Literary Reflections	1993	Literary Reflections, a collection of Michener's reminiscences, also includes the reprinted text of Collectors, Forgers—And A Writer and Testimony.
William Penn	1994	A monograph by Michener about the life and beliefs of William Penn, the founder and first governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Ventures in Editing	1995	In this limited edition book, Michener offers commentary on the writing and publishing process.
This Noble Land	1996	This Noble Land: My Vision for America, describes the nation's strength and weakness and the author's hopes for its future.
Three Great Novels of World War II	1996	A compilation of World War II novels featuring Michener's Tales of the South Pacific as well as Thomas Heggen's Mr. Roberts and Leon Uris' Battle Cry.
A Century of Sonnets	1997	This collection of poetry written by Michener contains over one hundred poems written over a span of seventy-years.

Adaptations

Title	Notes
South Pacific	1949 Broadway musical by Rodgers and Hammerstein based on the novel Tales of the South Pacific (1946)
The Bridges at Toko-Ri	1954 film based on the novella The Bridges at Toko-Ri (1953)
Return to Paradise	1953 film based on the short story "Mr. Morgan" in the collection Return to Paradise (1951)
Men of the Fighting Lady (also known as Panther Squadron)	1954 film inspired by Michener's Saturday Evening Post article, "The Forgotten Heroes of Korea"
Until They Sail	1957 film based on a short story included in Return to Paradise
Sayonara	1957 film nominated for 10 Academy Awards, won four; including Best Supporting Actress, for Miyoshi Umeki, the first and, as of 2016, the only East Asian Actress to win an Oscar. Based on the semi-autobiographical novel Sayonara (1954).
South Pacific	1958 film based on the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical in turn based on the novel Tales of the South Pacific (1946)
Adventures in Paradise	1959–62 television series created by Michener
Hawaii	1966 film based on the novel Hawaii (1959)
The Hawaiians	1970 film based on the novel Hawaii (1959)
Centennial	1978 TV miniseries based on the novel Centennial (1974)
Caravans	1978 film starring Anthony Quinn based on the novel Caravans (1963)
Space	1985 TV miniseries based on the novel Space (1982)
James A. Michener's Texas	1994 TV miniseries based on the novel Texas (1985)
South Pacific	2001 television movie based on the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical in turn based on the novel Tales of the South Pacific (1946)

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gollark: This isn't very much, but if the logic for displaying biome on eggs and other places is separate, that shows that there might be some code duplication.

References

"Michener". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth ed.). Houghton Mifflin. 2004.
Krebs, Albin (October 17, 1997). "James Michener, Author of Novels That Sweep Through the History of Places, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
Michener, James (1969). Presidential Lottery. Penguin Random House. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
"James Michener Biography". Pennsylvania Center for the Book. Penn State University Libraries.
"Biographical Sketch, James A. Michener Papers". University of Miami Library. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012.
May, Kalen (October 30, 2012). "UNC Celebrating Michener Library's First 40 Years". University of Colorado.
21
"Michener". Michener Library.
Krebs, Albin (October 17, 1997). "James Michener, Author of Novels That Sweep Through the History of Places, is Dead". The New York Times.
"James A. Michener Biography and Interview". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
"Michener: A Writer's Journey - PDF Free Download".
Michener, James A. (1951). Return to Paradise. Random House.
Beers, Paul B. (March 31, 1976). Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday: The Tolerable Accommodation. Penn State University Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0271002385.
"Get Me Michener at Raffles". The New Paper. Singapore. September 16, 1998.
Hayes, John Michael (1984). James A. Michener: A Biography. Bobbs-Merrill. p. 158.
Hayes, p. 159.
James Michener Biography. Bookrags.com. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
"Centennial: The Complete Miniseries". DVDTalk.com. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
Groseclose, David A. (1996). James A. Michener, A Bibliography. ISBN 1880510235.
"The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
"James A. Michener Art Museum". michenerartmuseum.org.
"The Michener Center for Writers and its Master of Fine Arts program at the University of Texas at Austin". utexas.edu. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
"The Michener Fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin". utexas.edu. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
"Memorial headstone details for James Michener". cemetery.state.tx.us. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
O'Neill, James (March 1, 1998). "Michener's gift keeps on giving". Philadelphia Inquirer.
"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
"Lone Sailor Award Recipients". The United States Navy Memorial. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
"Michener's". iririki.com.
"James Albert Michener". Texas State Cemetery. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
"Two American Legends Appearing on Stamps: The Postal Service Honors James Michener and Dr. Edward Trudeau". USPS.gov. 2008. Archived from the original on October 9, 2010.
"Michener Library". Libraries: UNC's Information Source. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
"Michener Society". MichenerSociety.com.
"Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener - the 613th Greatest Fiction Book of All Time".
"20th-Century American Bestsellers". Bestsellers.lib.virginia.edu. Retrieved August 25, 2018.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] "Michener". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth ed.). Houghton Mifflin. 2004.

[nytimesobit-2] Krebs, Albin (October 17, 1997). "James Michener, Author of Novels That Sweep Through the History of Places, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2009.

[3] Michener, James (1969). Presidential Lottery. Penguin Random House. Retrieved March 1, 2017.

[secureapps.libraries.psu.edu-4] "James Michener Biography". Pennsylvania Center for the Book. Penn State University Libraries.

[5] "Biographical Sketch, James A. Michener Papers". University of Miami Library. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012.

[6] May, Kalen (October 30, 2012). "UNC Celebrating Michener Library's First 40 Years". University of Colorado.

[7] 21

[8] "Michener". Michener Library.

[9] Krebs, Albin (October 17, 1997). "James Michener, Author of Novels That Sweep Through the History of Places, is Dead". The New York Times.

[10] "James A. Michener Biography and Interview". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.

[11] "Michener: A Writer's Journey - PDF Free Download".

[12] Michener, James A. (1951). Return to Paradise. Random House.

[13] Beers, Paul B. (March 31, 1976). Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday: The Tolerable Accommodation. Penn State University Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0271002385.

[suite-14] "Get Me Michener at Raffles". The New Paper. Singapore. September 16, 1998.

[15] Hayes, John Michael (1984). James A. Michener: A Biography. Bobbs-Merrill. p. 158.

[16] Hayes, p. 159.

[17] James Michener Biography. Bookrags.com. Retrieved May 3, 2009.

[18] "Centennial: The Complete Miniseries". DVDTalk.com. Retrieved March 1, 2017.

[19] Groseclose, David A. (1996). James A. Michener, A Bibliography. ISBN 1880510235.

[20] "The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.

[21] "James A. Michener Art Museum". michenerartmuseum.org.

[22] "The Michener Center for Writers and its Master of Fine Arts program at the University of Texas at Austin". utexas.edu. Retrieved May 28, 2014.

[23] "The Michener Fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin". utexas.edu. Retrieved May 28, 2014.

[cemetery.state.tx.us-24] "Memorial headstone details for James Michener". cemetery.state.tx.us. Retrieved May 28, 2014.

[25] O'Neill, James (March 1, 1998). "Michener's gift keeps on giving". Philadelphia Inquirer.

[26] "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.

[27] "Lone Sailor Award Recipients". The United States Navy Memorial. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved November 29, 2014.

[28] "Michener's". iririki.com.

[29] "James Albert Michener". Texas State Cemetery. Retrieved March 1, 2017.

[30] "Two American Legends Appearing on Stamps: The Postal Service Honors James Michener and Dr. Edward Trudeau". USPS.gov. 2008. Archived from the original on October 9, 2010.

[31] "Michener Library". Libraries: UNC's Information Source. Retrieved November 29, 2014.

[society-32] "Michener Society". MichenerSociety.com.

[33] "Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener - the 613th Greatest Fiction Book of All Time".

[34] "20th-Century American Bestsellers". Bestsellers.lib.virginia.edu. Retrieved August 25, 2018.

James A. Michener
Novels	The Fires of Spring (1949) The Bridges at Toko-Ri (1953) Sayonara (1954) Hawaii (1959) Caravans (1963) The Source (1965) The Drifters (1971) Centennial (1974) Chesapeake (1978) The Watermen (1979) The Covenant (1980) Space (1982) Poland (1983) Texas (1985) Legacy (1987) Alaska (1988) Caribbean (1989) Journey (1989) The Novel (1991) South Pacific (1992) Mexico (1992) Recessional (1994) Miracle in Seville (1995) Matecumbe (2007)
Non-fiction	The Voice of Asia (1951) The Bridge at Andau (1957) Rascals in Paradise (1957) Iberia (1968) Collectors, Forgers – And A Writer: A Memoir (1983) The Eagle and the Raven (1990) My Lost Mexico (1992) The World Is My Home (1992) Literary Reflections (1993)
Short story collections	Tales of the South Pacific (1947) Return to Paradise (1951)
Adaptations	South Pacific (musical) (1949) The Bridges at Toko-Ri (1953) Return to Paradise (1953) Sayonara (1957) Until They Sail (1957) South Pacific (film) (1958) Adventures in Paradise (1959-1962) Hawaii (1966) The Hawaiians (1970) Centennial (1978) Space (1985) Texas (1994) South Pacific (film) (2001)
Related	Mari Yoriko Sabusawa (wife) Michener Center for Writers Journey Prize James A. Michener Art Museum

Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
1918–1925	His Family by Ernest Poole (1918) The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington (1919) The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1921) Alice Adams by Booth Tarkington (1922) One of Ours by Willa Cather (1923) The Able McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson (1924) So Big by Edna Ferber (1925)
1926–1950	Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (declined) (1926) Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield (1927) The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder (1928) Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin (1929) Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge (1930) Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes (1931) The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck (1932) The Store by Thomas Sigismund Stribling (1933) Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Pafford Miller (1934) Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson (1935) Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis (1936) Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell (1937) The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand (1938) The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (1939) The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1940) In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow (1942) Dragon's Teeth by Upton Sinclair (1943) Journey in the Dark by Martin Flavin (1944) A Bell for Adano by John Hersey (1945) All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren (1947) Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener (1948) Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens (1949) The Way West by A. B. Guthrie Jr. (1950)
1951–1975	The Town by Conrad Richter (1951) The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk (1952) The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1953) A Fable by William Faulkner (1955) Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor (1956) A Death in the Family by James Agee (1958) The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor (1959) Advise and Consent by Allen Drury (1960) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1961) The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor (1962) The Reivers by William Faulkner (1963) The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau (1965) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967) The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron (1968) House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday (1969) The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford by Jean Stafford (1970) Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner (1972) The Optimist's Daughter by Eudora Welty (1973) No award given (1974) The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975)
1976–2000	Humboldt's Gift by Saul Bellow (1976) No award given (1977) Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson (1978) The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1979) The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer (1980) A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole (1981) Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982) The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983) Ironweed by William Kennedy (1984) Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie (1985) Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry (1986) A Summons to Memphis by Peter Taylor (1987) Beloved by Toni Morrison (1988) Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1989) The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love by Oscar Hijuelos (1990) Rabbit at Rest by John Updike (1991) A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley (1992) A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler (1993) The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1994) The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields (1995) Independence Day by Richard Ford (1996) Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser (1997) American Pastoral by Philip Roth (1998) The Hours by Michael Cunningham (1999) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (2000)
2001–present	The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (2001) Empire Falls by Richard Russo (2002) Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides (2003) The Known World by Edward P. Jones (2004) Gilead by Marilynne Robinson (2005) March by Geraldine Brooks (2006) The Road by Cormac McCarthy (2007) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz (2008) Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (2009) Tinkers by Paul Harding (2010) A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan (2011) No award given (2012) The Orphan Master's Son by Adam Johnson (2013) The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt (2014) All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (2015) The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen (2016) The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead (2017) Less by Andrew Sean Greer (2018) The Overstory by Richard Powers (2019) The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead (2020)

James A. Michener's Tales of the South Pacific
Characters	Bloody Mary
Adaptations	South Pacific (1949 musical) Awards and nominations South Pacific (1958 film) South Pacific (2001 film)
Songs	"Some Enchanted Evening" "There Is Nothing Like a Dame" "Bali Ha'i" "I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair" "I'm in Love with a Wonderful Guy" "Younger Than Springtime" "Happy Talk" "You've Got to Be Carefully Taught"
Albums	South Pacific (1958 soundtrack)
Category