Raffles Hotel

Raffles Hotel is a colonial-style luxury hotel in the Downtown Core district of Singapore. It was established by Armenian hoteliers, the Sarkies Brothers, in 1887. The hotel was named after British statesman Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, the founder of colonial-era Singapore.[1]

Raffles Hotel and Resorts
Raffles Hotel Singapore
General information
Location1 Beach Road, Singapore 189673
Opening1887 (1887)
OwnerKatara Hospitality
ManagementAccor
Technical details
Floor count3
Design and construction
ArchitectRegent Alfred John Bidwell
DeveloperSarkies Brothers
Other information
Number of rooms115
Number of suites115
Number of restaurants8
Website
www.raffles.com/singapore
Designated4 March 1987 (1987-03-04)

It is the flagship property of Raffles Hotels & Resorts, and is managed by AccorHotels after Accor acquired FRHI Hotels & Resorts. The hotel is owned by Qatar-based, government-owned Katara Hospitality.[2]

History

Raffles Hotel Singapore started as a privately owned beach house built in the early 1830s. It first became Emerson's Hotel when Dr. Charles Emerson leased the building in 1878. Upon his death in 1883, the hotel closed, and the Raffles Institution stepped in to use the building as a boarding house until Dr. Emerson's lease expired in September 1887.[3]

Almost immediately after the first lease expired, the Sarkies Brothers leased the property from Syed Mohamed Alsagoff, its owner, with the intention of turning it into a high-end hotel. A few months later, on December 1, 1887, the ten-room Raffles Hotel opened. Its proximity to the beach and its reputation for high standards in services and accommodations made the hotel popular with wealthy clientele.[3]

Within the hotel's first decade, three new buildings were added on to the original beach house. First, a pair of two-story wings were completed in 1890, each containing 22 guest suites. Soon afterward, the Sarkies Brothers leased a neighboring building at No. 3 Beach Road, renovated it, and in 1894, the Palm Court Wing was completed. The new additions brought the hotel's total guest rooms to 75.[3][4]

A few years later, a new main building was constructed on the site of the original beach house. Designed by architect Regent Alfred John Bidwell of Swan and Maclaren, it was completed in 1899. The new main building offered numerous state-of-the-art (for the time) features, including powered ceiling fans and electric lights. In fact, the Raffles Hotel was the first hotel in the region to have electric lights.[3][5]

Raffles Hotel in 1932, showing the extended veranda

The hotel continued to expand over the years with the addition of wings, a veranda, a ballroom, a bar, a billiards room, as well as other buildings and rooms. The Great Depression spelled trouble for Raffles Hotel and, in 1931, the Sarkies Brothers declared bankruptcy. In 1933, the financial troubles were resolved, and a public company called Raffles Hotel Ltd. was established.[3]

Raffles Hotel, Palm Court Wing

Upon the start of the Japanese occupation of Singapore on February 15, 1942, it is said that the Japanese soldiers encountered the guests in Raffles Hotel dancing one final waltz.[6] Meanwhile, staff buried the hotel silver—including the silver beef trolley—in the Palm Court.

During World War II, Raffles Hotel was renamed Syonan Ryokan (昭南旅館, shōnan ryokan), incorporating Syonan ("Light of the South"), the Japanese name for occupied Singapore, and ryokan, the name for a traditional Japanese inn.[3] The hotel was reclaimed in 1945 during Operation Tiderace by the British Navy. Stanley Redington raised the British Naval Jack on top of the Raffles Hotel.

In 1987, a century after it first opened, Austrian writer and researcher Andreas Augustin discovered the long lost original drawings of Raffles Hotel, hidden in a Singaporean archive. That year these drawings were published for the first time in the book The Raffles Treasury. Raffles Hotel was declared a National Monument by the Singapore government in 1987.[7]

The Long Bar at Raffles Hotel Singapore

In 1989, the hotel closed to undergo an extensive renovation that lasted two years and cost $160 million. The hotel reopened on September 16, 1991. While the hotel was restored to the grand style of its 1915 heyday, significant changes were made. All guest rooms were converted to suites. In addition, Long Bar, which was a favorite spot of celebrities such as Somerset Maugham, was relocated from the lobby to a new adjoining shopping arcade.[8] Long Bar is also where the national cocktail, the Singapore Sling, was invented by bartender Ngiam Tong Boon.[9]

On July 18, 2005, it was announced that Colony Capital LLC would purchase Raffles Holdings the entire chain of Raffles Hotels, which included the Raffles Hotel, for $1.45 billion.[10]

In April 2010, it was reported that a Qatari sovereign wealth fund bought Raffles Hotel for $275 million. In addition to taking over the Raffles Hotel, the Qatar Investment Authority would inject $467 million into Fairmont Raffles Hotels International in exchange for a 40% stake in the luxury hotel chain.[11]

At one time, Raffles Hotel maintained a hotel museum. It displayed memorabilia such as photographs, silver and china items, postcards and menus, as well as old and rare editions of the works of the famous writers who had stayed there. The museum also displayed photographs of its famous guests and visitors.[12] The Raffles Hotel Museum closed in 2012.[13] In December 2015, the Fairmont/Raffles brands were purchased by the French multinational hotel group AccorHotels.[14]

A major renovation of the hotel was undertaken starting January 2017,[15] and the hotel closed in December 2017 to allow renovation work to proceed.[16] The rooms were refurbished and soundproofed, and the number of suites increased from 103 to 115. New technologies were incorporated and a new marble floor was installed. Its various food and beverage outlets were revamped, and the Writer's Bar formerly in a corner of the lobby given its own space.[17] Its former Jubilee Theatre was transformed into a ballroom.[18] The hotel reopened on 1 August 2019.[19] The hotel won the award for the renovation and restoration from the AHEAD Asia awards.[20][21].

Arcade

Raffles Hotel has a shopping arcade with 40 specialty boutiques.[7] The arcade also houses most of the hotel's restaurants.

  • Raffles is the setting for Ryū Murakami's novel and its film adaptation titled Raffles Hotel. The film was shot on location.
  • The hotel was featured as a Japanese stronghold in Medal of Honor: Rising Sun.
  • The hotel was where Nick and Rachel stayed when they arrived in Singapore in Crazy Rich Asians (film).
  • Raffles Hotel was the subject of Paul O'Grady's Orient for Carlton Television.
  • Raffles Hotel featured in episodes of the BBC/ABC co-production Tenko, with the majority of series 3 taking place in the hotel.
  • The hotel won Best Heritage Hotel awards by Tripzilla magazine in 2017[22]
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See also
  • Stamford House, formerly leased as an annex for Raffles Hotel.
  • Eastern & Oriental Hotel and Strand Hotel, other prominent hotels established by the Sarkies Brothers.
  • The Sea View Hotel, Singapore, originally built in 1906 and operated by the Sarkies Brothers 1923 to 1931. It was one of the first hotels located outside of the busy town centre. Situated in the Tanjong Katong area, especially popular with clients who had recently recovered from illness and were seeking the tranquillity of an idyllic seaside resort surrounded by coconut trees to rest and recuperate. It was leased to various operators until 1962, when it was demolished and a new property bearing the same name was built in its place. The new hotel operated from 1969 to 2003 before it was pulled down to make way for a condominium development. [23] [24]

References
  1. Cangi, Ellen C. (1 April 1993). "Civilizing the people of Southeast Asia: Sir Stamford Raffles' town plan for Singapore, 1819–23". Planning Perspectives. 8 (2): 166–187. doi:10.1080/02665439308725769.
  2. "Accor Buys Luxury Fairmont Brands as Hotel Deals Heat Up". BloomburgBusiness. Archived from the original on 16 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  3. "Raffles Hotel". Singapore Infopedia. National Library Board Singapore. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  4. "Raffles Hotel, Singapore". Amassia Publishing. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  5. Edwards, Norman; Keys, Peter (1988). Singapore – A Guide to Buildings, Streets, Places. Times Books International. ISBN 9971-65-231-5. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  6. Meade, Martin; Fitchett, Joseph; Lawrence, Anthony (1987). Grand Oriental Hotels from Cairo to Tokyo, 1800–1939. J.M. Dent & Sons. p. 172. ISBN 0-460-04754-X.
  7. "Raffles Hotel – About Us". Raffles Hotel. Fairmont Raffles Hotels International. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  8. Shenon, Philip (10 October 1991). "Singapore Journal; Back to Somerset Maugham and Life's Seamy Side". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  9. "Raffles Hotel – Long Bar". Raffles Hotel. Fairmont Raffles Hotels International. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  10. Ling, Chan Sue; Chua, Linus (18 July 2005). "Colony to Buy Raffles' Hotel Business for S$1.45 Bln (Update5)". Bloomberg. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  11. "Raffles Hotel sold to Qatari Diar for $275 Million". SWFI. Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  12. "Raffles Hotel, The Grand Old Lady of Singapore, Has Its Own Museum". Thai Airways. Archived from the original on 5 May 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  13. "Visiting the Long Bar at Singapore's Historic Raffles Hotel". Traveling With the Jones. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  14. "Accor Buys Luxury Fairmont Brands as Hotel Deals Heat Up". Bloomburg Business. Archived from the original on 16 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  15. Mayuko Tani (13 October 2016). "Raffles Hotel to close for 6 months for major renovation". Nikkei.
  16. Wu, Daven (11 September 2019). "Inside the recently reopened Raffles Hotel: raise a Singapore sling to the marvellous makeover". South China Morning Post.
  17. Bowers, Beatrice (3 September 2019). "Literature and history are transformed into cocktails at the new Writer's Bar".
  18. Cai, Candice (1 August 2019). "New 'old' Raffles Hotel reopens after 2-year renovation. Here's how it looks inside". ASIAONE.
  19. Cripps, Karla (3 August 2019). "Singapore's historic Raffles Hotel reopens following two-year makeover". CNN.
  20. "Shortlist unveiled for AHEAD Asia 2020 hospitality awards". Dezeen. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  21. hermesauto (27 March 2020). "Raffles Hotel Singapore wins award for its renovation and restoration in Ahead Asia competition". The Straits Times. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  22. TripZilla (31 October 2017). "TripZilla Excellence Awards 2017 Honours 37 Outstanding Travel Organisations". TripZilla. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
  23. https://www.roots.sg/learn/collections/listing/1191974
  24. https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1181_2007-08-29.html

Further reading
  • Andreas Augustin, The Raffles Treasury, Secrets of a Grand Old Lady. Treasury Publishing (1987). ASIN B000PCGBHO
  • Andreas Augustin, Raffles, The Most Famous Hotels in the World. London/Singapore/Vienna, (1986)
  • Chefs of Raffles Hotel, The Raffles Hotel Cookbook. Butterworth-Heinemann (2003). ISBN 978-981-4068-58-1
  • Fables From the Raffles Hotel Arcade. Angsana Books (1995). ISBN 978-981-3056-72-5
  • Raymond Flower, The Year of the Tiger. Singapore (1986).
  • Gretchen Liu, Raffles Hotel style. Raffles Hotel (1997). ISBN 978-981-3018-86-0
  • Ralph Modder, Romancing the Raffles: A Collection of Short Stories. SNP Editions (2000). ISBN 981-4059-69-2
  • Ryu Murakami (Author), Corinne Atlan (trans.), Raffles Hotel. Picquier (2002). ISBN 978-2-87730-583-9
  • Lenzi, Iola (2004). Museums of Southeast Asia. Singapore: Archipelago Press. p. 200. ISBN 981-4068-96-9.
  • Maurizio Peleggi, "The Social and Material Life of Colonial Hotels: Comfort Zones as Contact Zones in British Colombo and Singapore, ca. 1870–1930." Journal of Social History 46.1 (2012): 125–153
  • Ilsa Sharp, There Is Only One Raffles: The Story of a Grand Hotel. Ulverscroft Large Print (1991). ISBN 978-0-7089-2453-2
  • William Warren, Jill Gocher (2007). Asia's legendary hotels: the romance of travel. Singapore: Periplus Editions. ISBN 978-0-7946-0174-4.
  • Nadia Wright, Respected Citizens: The History of Armenians in Singapore and Malaysia. Amassia Publishing (2003), pp. 114–132. ISBN 978-0-9751082-0-8

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