Hasnabad (community development block)

Hasnabad is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Basirhat subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

This article is about the community development block in West Bengal, India. For 1 its namesake village, see Hasnabad. For 2 its namesake defunct assembly constituency, see Hasnabad (Vidhan Sabha constituency). For 3 its namesake railway station, see Hasnabad railway station.
Hasnabad
Community development block
Hasnabad
Location in West Bengal, India
Coordinates: 22.57°N 88.92°E / 22.57; 88.92
Country India
StateWest Bengal
DistrictNorth 24 Parganas
Government
 • TypeRepresentative democracy
Area
 • Total153.07 km2 (59.10 sq mi)
Elevation
7 m (23 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total203,262
 • Density1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialBengali, English
Literacy (2011)
 • Total literates127,403 (71.47%)
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
743426 (Hasnabad)
Telephone/STD code03217
ISO 3166 codeIN-WB
Vehicle registrationWB-23, WB-24, WB-25, WB-26
Lok Sabha constituencyBasirhat
Vidhan Sabha constituencyBasirhat Uttar, Hingalganj
Websitenorth24parganas.nic.in

Geography

Hasnabad is located at 22°34′N 88°55′E.

CD Blocks in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal

Hasnabad CD Block is bounded by Basirhat I CD Block in the north, Debhata Upazila in Satkhira District of Bangladesh in the east, Hingalganj CD Block in the south and Sandeshkhali I and Minakhan CD Blocks in the west.[1]

Hasnabad CD Block is part of the Ichhamati-Raimangal Plain, one of the three physiographic regions in the district located in the lower Ganges Delta. It contains soil of mature black or brownish loam to recent alluvium. The Ichhamati flows through the eastern part of the district.[2]

Hasnabad CD Block has an area of 153.07 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 9 gram panchayats, 127 gram sansads (village councils), 74 mouzas and 73 inhabited villages. Hasnabad police station serves this block.[3] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Hasnabad.[4]

Gram panchayats of Hasnabad block/ panchayat samiti are: Amlani, Bhabanipur I, Hasnabad, Patlikhanpur, Barunhat Rameswarpur, Bhabanipur II, Makhalgachha, Bhebia and Murarisha.[5]

Sundarbans

The Sundarbans is a flat lowland susceptible to the tidal waves along the 260 km shoreline of the Bay of Bengal. The total expanse of Sundarbans is about 2.05 million hectares (8,000 square miles). Of this, only 0.42 million hectares (1,629 square miles or 10,43,000 acres) are under the reserve forests including about 0.19 million hectares covered by creeks and channels. The area is prone to natural calamities such as cyclones, thunderstorms with occasional hail and floods. There are more than 63,400 km of embankments but the floods caused by high tidal bores, often wash away much of the embankments, already weakened and broken by earlier cyclonic storms.[6]

See also: Sundarbans settlements

In May 2009, the district was hit by high speed cyclone named Aila and subsequent rainfall which continued for two days. This created a disaster in 20 out of 22 blocks of the district. 10 out of 27 municipalities of the district were also severely affected.[6]

Six CD Blocks of North 24 Parganas are included in the Sundabans area – Hingalganj, Hasnabad, Sandeskhali I and II, Minakhan and Haora.[6] The south-eastern part of the district gradually merges into the Sunderbans.[7]

Demographics

Population

As per 2011 Census of India Hasnabad CD Block had a total population of 203,262, of which 197,014 were rural and 6,248 were urban. There were 104,019 (51%) males and 99,243 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 25,007. Scheduled Castes numbered 51,295 (25.24%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 7,492 (3.69%).[8]

As per 2001 census, Hasnabad block has a total population of 177,470 out of which 91,122 were males and 86,348 were females.[9]

There is only one census town in Hasnabad CD Block (2011 census figure in brackets): Sadigachhi (6,248).[8]

Large villages in Hasnabad CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Murarisaha (5,652), Rajapura (4,158), Dakshin Bhebia (7,102), Kharampur (5,714), Chandpur (4,008), Haripur (4,107), Ghuni (4,281), Chak Patli (7,128), Shulkaniabad (5,414), Bhurkunda (5,617), Ghoshalati (6,892), Ichhapur (7,872) and Barunhat (16,635).[8]

North 24 Parganas district is densely populated, mainly because of the influx of refugees from East Pakistan (later Bangladesh). With a density of population of 2,182 per km2 in 1971, it was 3rd in terms of density per km2 in West Bengal after Kolkata and Howrah, and 20th in India.[10] According to the District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas, “High density is also explained partly by the rapid growth of urbanization in the district. In 1991, the percentage of urban population in the district has been 51.23.”[11]

Decadal Population Growth Rate (%)

The decadal growth of population in Hasnabad CD Block in 2001-2011 was 14.50%.[12] The decadal growth of population in Hasnabad CD Block in 1991-2001 was 17.47%.[13]

The decadal growth rate of population in North 24 Parganas district was as follows: 47.9% in 1951-61, 34.5% in 1961-71, 31.4% in 1971-81, 31.7% in 1981-91, 22.7% in 1991-2001 and 12.0% in 2001-11.[14] The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%.[15] The decadal growth rate for West Bengal was 17.84% in 1991-2001, 24.73% in 1981-1991 and 23.17% in 1971-1981.[16]

The decadal growth rate of population in neighbouring Satkhira District in Bangladesh was 6.50% for the decade 2001-2011, down from 16.75% in the decade 1991-2001 and 17.90% in the decade 1981-1991.[17]

Only a small portion of the border with Bangladesh has been fenced and it is popularly referred to as a porous border. It is freely used by Bangladeshi infiltrators, terrorists, smugglers, criminals. et al.[18][19][20][21]

See also - Hasnabad for information on floating border outposts.

Literacy

As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Hasnabad CD Block was 127,403 (71.47% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 69,699 (76.34% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 57,704 (66.36% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 9.98%.[8]

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Language and religion

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%).[22]

Religion in Hasnabad CD Block
Muslim
 
 56.51%
Hindu
 
 43.35%
Others
 
 0.14%

In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 114,869 and formed 56.51% of the population in Hasnabad CD Block. Hindus numbered 88,112 and formed 43.35% of the population. Others numbered 281 and formed 0.14% of the population.[23]

In 1981 Hindus numbered 83,096 and formed 61.76% of the population and Muslims numbered 51,496 and formed 38.24% of the population. In 1991 Muslims numbered 83,328 and formed 55.14% of the population and Hindus numbered 67,787 and formed 44.86% of the population in Hasnabad CD Block. (In 1981 and 1991 census was conducted as per jurisdiction of the police station).[24]

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 7,352,769 and formed 73.46% of the population in North 24 Parganas district. Muslims numbered 2,584,684 and formed 25.82% of the population.[23] In West Bengal Hindus numbered 64,385,546 and formed 70.53% of the population. Muslims numbered 24,654,825 and formed 27.01% of the population.[23]

See also - North 24 Parganas: minority concentrated district

Law and order

Hasnabad being a border area, constantly faces law and order problems. In July 2007, a gang of about 30 dacoits looted four jewellery shops after tying up the policemen inside a camp posted at Bandarkhalibazar under Hasnabad police station.[25][26]

In April 2007, a fisherman was killed and 22 persons including few women were injured after miscreants, hurled bombs and fired bullets on a group of people at Maheshpur village near Hasnabad. The incident was said to be an outcome of intense rivalry between two CPI(M) fractions over possession of a fishery at Sajnetala near Hasnabad.[27] In July 2005, a cloth-trader was shot dead in a compartment of a Barasat-Hasnabad local train.[28] In October 2004, an irate mob damaged a police van and went on the rampage, damaging a Border Security Force (BSF) camp near Hasnabad. The incident took place in the Sayedpur area of Hasnabad when a truck-load of villagers from Taki were going to join a religious function near the India-Bangladesh border.[29]

Rural Poverty

28.69% of households in Hasnabad CD Block lived below poverty line in 2001, against an average of 29.28% in North 24 Parganas district.[30]

Livelihood

Livelihood
in Hasnabad CD Block

  Cultivators (11.45%)
  Agricultural labourers (27.76%)
  Household industries (10.95%)
  Other Workers (49.84%)

In Hasnabad CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 9,171 and formed 11.45% of the total workers, agricultural labourers numbered 22,229 and formed 27.76%, household industry workers numbered 8,770 and formed 10.95% and other workers numbered 39,907 and formed 49.84%. Total workers numbered 80,077 and formed 39.40% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 123,185 and formed 69.60% of the population.[31]

In more than 30 percent of the villages in North 24 Parganas, agriculture or household industry is no longer the major source of livelihood for the main workers there. The CD Blocks in the district can be classified as belonging to three categories: border areas, Sundarbans area and other rural areas. The percentage of other workers in the other rural areas category is considerably higher than those in the border areas and Sundarbans area.[32]

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.[33]

Infrastructure

There are 73 inhabited villages in Hasnabad CD Block. 100% villages have power supply and drinking water supply. 16 villages (21.92%) have post offices. 58 villages (79.45%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 34 villages (46.48%) have a pucca approach road and 22 villages (30.14%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 8 villages (10.96%) have agricultural credit societies and 3 villages (4.11% ) have banks.[34]

Agriculture

The North 24 Parganas district Human Development Report opines that in spite of agricultural productivity in North 24 Parganas district being rather impressive 81.84% of rural population suffered from shortage of food. With a high urbanisation of 54.3% in 2001, the land use pattern in the district is changing quite fast and the area under cultivation is declining. However, agriculture is still the major source of livelihood in the rural areas of the district.[35]

From 1977 on wards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.[36] Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2010-11, persons engaged in agriculture in Hasnabad CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 11,632 (20.87%), patta (document) holders 10,432 (18.72%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 1,480 (2.66%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 16,345 (29.32%) and agricultural labourers 15,849 (28.43%).[37]

Hasnabad CD Block had 90 fertiliser depots, no seed store and no fair price shop in 2010-11.[37]

In 2010-11, Hasnabad CD Block produced 23,983 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 10,128 hectares, 6,169 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 1,795 hectares, 3 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 1 hectare, 40 tonnes of wheat from 15 hectares, 18,739 tonnes of jute from 1,169 hectares and 12,542 tonnes of potatoes from 419 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.[37]

There were no irrigation facilities in Hasnabad CD Block in 2010-11.[37]

Pisciculture

In 2010-11, the net area under effective pisciculture in Hasnabad CD Block was 2,257 hectares. 20,439 persons were engaged in the profession. Approximate annual production was 67,710 quintals.[37]

Banking

In 2010-11, Hasnabad CD Block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks.[37]

Transport

In 2010-11, Hasnabad CD Block had 3 ferry services and 5 originating/ terminating bus routes.[37]

SH 2 passes through this CD Block.[38][39]

Hasnabad is 75 km from Sealdah and the electrified train line is via Barasat. It is part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway. The Barasat – Hasnabad light railway has been converted to a broad gauge section.[40]

Hasnabad railway station is the terminus of the Barasat-Hasnabad line. There are some nearby stations also: Taki Road railway station, Nimdanri railway station and Madhyampur railway station.[41]

Education

In 2010-11, Hasnabad CD Block had 125 primary schools with 13,154 students, 1 middle school with 172 students, 12 high schools with 8,516 students and 9 higher secondary schools with 8,312 students. Hasnabad CD Block had 388 institutions for special and non-formal education with 18,446 students.[37]

As per the 2011 census, in Hasnabad CD Block, amongst the 73 inhabited villages, 3 villages did not have a school, 37 villages had more than 1 primary school, 20 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 17 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.[42]

Healthcare

In 2011, Hasnabad CD Block had 1 rural hospital and 3 primary health centres, with total 18 beds and 9 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 33 family welfare subcentres. 13,883 patients were treated in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.[37]

Taki Rural Hospital at Taki with 50 beds functions as the main medical facility in Hasnabad CD Block. There are primary health centres at Bhurkundu (Bhawanipur PHC with10 beds), Bhebia (Gholas PHC with 6 beds) and Bara Bankra (Barunhat PHC with 10).[43]

Hasnabad block is one of the areas where ground water is affected by arsenic contamination.[44]

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See also

References
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  2. "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 13. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  3. "District Statistical Handbook". North 24 Parganas 2010-2011, Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  4. "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of North Twenty Four Parganas with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page). Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  5. "Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal". North Twentfour Parganas - Revised in March 2008. Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
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  28. "Rumpus follows murder on train". Kolkata Plus. The Statesman, 30 July 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-24.
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  37. "District Statistical Handbook". North 24 Parganas 2010-2011, Tables 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 (arranged in order of use). Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
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  39. "List of State Highways in West Bengal". West Bengal Traffic Police. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  40. Chaudhuri, Sukanta, The Railway Comes to Calcutta, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol. I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, p. 239, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-563696-3.
  41. "33311 Barasat-Hasnabad local". Time Table. India Railinfo. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  42. "District Census Handbook, North Twentyfour Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 717, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  43. "Health & Family Welfare Department". Health Statistics. Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  44. "Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )". Groundwater arsenic contamination status of North 24-Parganas district, one of the nine arsenic affected districts of West Bengal-India. SOES. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
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