Harlington, London

Harlington is a district of Hayes the London Borough of Hillingdon and one of five historic parishes partly developed into London Heathrow Airport and associated businesses, the one most heavily developed being Harmondsworth. It is centred 13.6 miles (21.9 km) west of Charing Cross. The district adjoins Hayes to the north and shares a railway station with the larger district, which is its post town, on the Great Western Main Line. It is in the south-west corner of the historic county of Middlesex.

Harlington as seen on Ordnance Survey map sheet 71, 1822–1890, with railway added 1891.

Harlington

The Grade I Listed parish church is the oldest of the listed buildings in Harlington. The War Memorial was designed by C. O. Scott.
Harlington
Location within Greater London
OS grid referenceTQ085775
• Charing Cross13.5 mi (21.7 km) E
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townHAYES
Postcode districtUB3
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly

Etymology

The place-name Harlington is recorded in Anglo-Saxon as Hygereding tun: "Hygerǣd's people's farmstead".

History
Bolingbroke and Ossulston's demolished Dawley House, north-west of the station
Photograph of dilapidated Dawley House and barns, Harlington, 1902. (Between the Great Western Railway and the canal). Home of Bolingbroke and Ossulston.
Dawley House, Harlington, c. 1902. This was the remains of the house of Bolingbroke and Ossulston. It can be seen to the east or right of the mansion in the print.
Photograph of Dawley House, in the spring of 1902.

The earliest surviving mention of Harlington appears to be in a 9th-century charter in which land at Botwell in Hayes was said to be bounded on the west by "Hygeredington" and "Lullinges" tree. The first of these must be Harlington; the second has not been identified. The boundary between Hayes and Harlington, which may thus have been defined by the date of this charter, was later marked by North Hyde Road and Dawley Road, but Dawley Road may not have followed the boundary before the 18th century.[1]

Administrative history

By 1834 the select vestry (informally known simply as the vestry) employed a paid assistant overseer. In 1824 a surgeon for the poor of Cranford and Harlington was appointed by the vestries of both. Their later co-operation saw the establishment of Harlington's National School jointly with in 1848, and its cottage hospital jointly with Cranford and Harmondsworth in 1884.

DatesEntities
c. 1840Harlington Parish then Civil Parish
1872Staines Rural Sanitary District
1889Middlesex County Council
1894Staines Rural District
1930Hayes and Harlington Urban District
1965London Borough of HillingdonHillingdon L.B. with Mayor of London, London Assembly and predecessor[2]

In 1924 the civil parish council (CPC) asked Staines Rural District Council (RDC) to light the village street and this was done a year later. The cemetery in Cherry Lane was opened in 1936 by the UDC and the CPC started its first allotments in 1895 but rejected proposals to acquire a recreation ground or parish hall. See the entry for Hayes for the later detailed local history.[1]

Sanitation

The chief task from 1872 for local government was the making of sewers in villages beyond a handful of homes such as this. Sewerage had been discussed in the vestry as long ago as 1864. The increase of population in the 20th century, growing preference for flush toilets and prohibitions on ground water contamination made the need for proper sanitation more urgent. In 1912, for instance, there were said to have been eleven cases of typhoid near the 'White Hart', and there was an outbreak of diphtheria in 1916. During the 1920s the RDC made plans for constructing sewers, and the relative cost of their scheme and of schemes proposed by Hayes Urban District Council largely influenced the parish council's views on local government reorganization. In the end the council seem to have acquiesced peacefully in the amalgamation with Hayes that took place in 1930, only on the grounds that this seemed to provide the best and cheapest chance of sewers being constructed soon. A sewerage scheme for the parish was completed by Hayes and Harlington Urban District Council in 1934.[1]

Present day
The extent of Harlington.
Dawley Court, Goulds Green, Middlesex in 1893, when it belonged to W. Fane De Salis. (Just to the west of Corwell Lane).

Harlington Library[3] is towards the north of the village/district. The village contains six public houses: Captain Morgans', The Great Western, The Pheasant, The Red Lion, The Wheatsheaf, and The White Hart. There are two churches, a Baptist church and a Church of England church, St Peter & St Paul's. Schools include Harlington School.

Hellenic Imperial Airways has its United Kingdom offices in Axis House in Harlington.[4] Harlington Locomotive Society on the High Street of the village - operates a trestle railway around the site of an old orchard. Harlington is covered by a community radio station: 91.8 Hayes FM, which is licensed with the national authority.

Churches
  • Harlington's Baptist Church, from the north-west, 2014.
  • South portal and tympanum of the church of Saints Peter & Paul, Harlington.
  • Underside of the famous yew in churchyard of church of S. Peter & S. Paul, Harlington, Middlesex, 2014.
  • West end and tower of church of S. Peter & S. Paul, Harlington, 2014. Fifteenth century, restored c. 1880 by John Oldrid Scott.
  • West end of SS. Peter & Paul.
  • Tower of church of Saints Peter & Saint Paul, 2014, from the south.
  • Harlington's war memorial, 1914-18 side.
  • Detail of south portal of SS Peter & Paul. (2013).
  • Side view of the chancel, an obelisk and the war memorial of Church of S.S. Peter & Paul, 2014.
  • Grave of Catherina Barbara Warren, aka Lady De Tabley (d. 1869). Photo taken before 1881.
  • Harlington church's porch, engraved by John Pye, drawn by L. Francia, for the Beauties of England and Wales, 1812.
  • Church of St. Jerome, Dawley, (west Hayes), consecrated 1934, designed by Harold Gibbons, (in June 2015).
  • Bridge 196 over the Grand Union Canal at Dawley, Harlington
  • Part of a Thomas Kitchin map showing Dawley and Harlington, c. 1770.
Great Western Railway and part of the former HMV & EMI factory at Harlington, looking east, 2014.

Transport

Central London is 13.6 miles (21.9 km) east. The area is served by Hayes & Harlington railway station, served by TfL Rail trains from London Paddington to Heathrow Airport and Reading.

The following bus routes serve Harlington

  • 81 Hounslow Bus Station - Slough
  • 90 Feltham - Northolt
  • 111 Kingston - Heathrow Central
  • 140 Heathrow Central - Harrow Weald
  • 222 Hounslow Bus Station - Uxbridge
  • 285 Kingston- Heathrow Central
  • H98 Hounslow Bus Station- Hayes End

Historic transport

The Grand Junction Canal runs through the Dawley land, east to west: it was constructed c. 1794–1800.[7] In the late 1830s the main line of the Great Western Railway was also built across the former Dawley Park (by then Dawley Wall Farm). However, Hayes & Harlington railway station (just outside the parish) was not opened until 1864. Before then there was a choice of the stations at West Drayton and Southall, or of the daily omnibus and weekly carrier to London.[8]

A road going south-east towards Hatton was removed because of Heathrow's construction. The road along with Harlington High Street were formerly designated A312 until the 1950s.

Former cottage hospital
Main article: Harlington, Harmondsworth and Cranford Cottage Hospital

The Harlington, Harmondsworth and Cranford Cottage Hospital, in Sipson Lane, opened in 1884, demolished and closed in 1977. Its site hosts a branch of the Sant Nirankari Satsang Bhawan.

Listed buildings
nametypebuiltuse and main features
Church of St. Peter & St. Paul (Grade One Listed)Religious12th centuryChristian faith centre; the Harlington Yew, formerly probably the largest example of topiary in England,[9] survives in the churchyard, unclipped
Veysey's FarmFarmlate 18th centuryMixed agricultural/nature
Shackle's BarnAgriculturalearly 1800sScouts headquarters
Barn at Manor FarmAgriculturalRestored in the 1970s, used as offices, timber-framed
Small hospital (Sipson Lane)Social1884Hindu faith centre.
Dower House (High Street)House16th centuryTimber framed building
Harlington Baptist ChurchReligious1879Christian faith centre.

Former listed buildings in the parish
nametypebuiltdemolished (exact or between dates)use
Dawley Manor FarmHouse17th century1962M4 motorway and part of St Peter's Way
Shackle's HouseHouseearly 1800s1960–70Pembury Court (street)
Harlington rectoryHouseVictorian1970Homes and the new church hall
Old Church HallChurch hallearly 1900s1970Was in rectory grounds. Houses.
Bletchmore HouseHouse1970–80Bletchmore Close
Woodlands FarmhouseHouse1960–65178-182 High Street
Poplar HouseHouse18th century1970–75Felbridge Court (apartments)

Manor Farm was demolished between 1930 and 1940 and pre-dated the possibility of statutory listing. It is the site of shops in Manor Parade and adjoining residential roads.

Notable people
Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke. He bought Dawley in 1724 and sold it in 1737, or 1738.
Lady De Tabley is buried alongside her eldest daughter in the SS Peter & Paul graveyard.
Tattersall's stallion Glencoe stood at Dawley in 1835.
Shackle's Barn, Harlington, Middlesex, from the west, October 2014.
Wheat field beside the M4, once part of Dawley Manor Farm, at Harlington. July 2015. Looking to the south-east.
  • Founder of Tattersalls, Richard Tattersall (1724–1795), c. 1779 began a stud farm at Dawley (aka Dawley House) which was called Dawley Wall Farm.[20] In the 1830s this was described as '13 miles from London, 3 from Uxbridge, 1 from Hayes and 2 from Cranford Bridge'.[21] Coincidentally, in 1779 Tattersall bought for £2500, for the purpose of breeding, 2nd Lord Bolingbroke's unbeaten Highflyer. Operations at Dawley were continued after his death by various other Tattersalls including his son George I (1792–1853), and perhaps grandson George II (1817–1849):[22] thoroughbred stallion Glencoe (1831–1857) stood at stud there in 1835. Middleton, the 1825 Derby winner, was there in 1832.[23] Sire Sir Hercules was sent there in 1833 and The Colonel in c. 1837.[21]
  • Composer William Byrd (1539/40-1623) lived as a Catholic recusant in Harlington, 1578–88, or 17 years;[24]
  • Sports impresario Simon Clegg was born in Harlington;
  • Former professional footballer and football manager Paul Goddard was born in Harlington;
  • Rev. Count Henry Jerome de Salis, DD, FRS, third son of the Jerome, 2nd Count de Salis, was appointed by his parents Game keeper of and for their said manor of Dally otherwise Dawley, near Hayes, Middlesex, from 13 June 1775;[25] His mother, the Hon. Mary Fane, later Madame de Salis, and then Countess de Salis (died 1785), had lived for a while in central Harlington in c. 1770, and then his parents seem to have purchased the Dawley Wall estate (now approximately Stockley Park and more), including Dawley House or its remains, from the heirs of Lord Uxbridge in 1772. Henry Jerome, his daughter, wife, parents, one brother, and nephew were all buried in the family vault in Harlington's churchyard.[26] Peter de Salis (1738-1807) acquired the site of Dawley House in 1797. In 1841 members of the de Salis family (Peter Fane de Salis (1799-1870) and his step-mother and half-brothers) owned together 533 acres in the parish. Most of this lay in the north, in or near the former park, but it also included Dawley Manor Farm, in the High Street,[19] The Gramophone Company (then Electric and Musical Industries Ltd.) acquired the site of Dawley House from Cecil Fane de Salis for an extension to their works across the road in 1929;[13]
  • Jerome, 4th Count de Salis-Soglio (1771–1836), Anglo-Irish visionary, lived (and is buried) in Harlington, and his son W. Fane De Salis and grandsons J.F.W. de Salis and Sir Cecil Fane De Salis, KCB;
  • John Kyte, (died 1537), Rector of Harlington until 1510, and then Bishop of Carlisle from 1520;[19]
  • 17th-century churchman John Pritchett (died 1681) lived in and was rector of Harlington during the Commonwealth period. He was Bishop of Gloucester from 1672 to 1681;
  • William Roper (c. 1496 – 1578), husband of Margaret Roper, thus son-in-law of Sir and Saint Thomas More; with his second son, Anthony, Lords of the manor, 1551–83;[13]
  • Roger, Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord of the Manor in 1086; and his son Robert of Bellême c. 1102;[13]
  • Rev. Dr. Joseph Trapp, (1679–1747), rector of Harlington, 1733–48, (also an academic, poet and pamphleteer);[27]
  • Ovine scientist Eric Underwood (1905–1980) was born in Harlington;
  • Wigot of Wallingford, Lord of the Manor at the time of Edward the Confessor.[13]
  • Political supporter of Bolingbroke, Sir William Wyndham of Orchard Wyndham in Somerset, married in Harlington church the Rt. Hon. Maria Catherina, Marchioness of Blandford, the daughter of Peter de Jong, a Burgomaster of Utrecht, on 1 June 1734;[19]
  • Both Chelsea (1970s until July 2005) and Queens Park Rangers (from 2005-) football clubs have used the Imperial College Sports Ground, (aka Harlington Sports Ground), just west of the village in Sipson Lane.

Sport

A greyhound racing track was opened during the 1930s, off the Bath Road. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) and was known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.[28] In 1959 plans for two large hotels, The Skyways (Now Sheraton) and Ariel (Now Holiday Inn) were revealed to serve Heathrow, which resulted in the track having to be being demolished and the last meeting was on 22 January 1962. The track would have stood very near to where the Holiday Inn is today.[29]

Sources
  • Harlington and Harmondsworth, by Philip Sherwood, Tempus, Stroud, 2002;
  • The History of Dawley (Middlesex), by B.T. White, Hayes and Harlington Local History Society, 2001;
  • Victorian Harlington, Hayes and Harlington Local History Society, 1985;
  • De Salis Family : English Branch, by Rachel E. Fane De Salis, Higgs & Co., Henley-on-Thames, UK, 1934.
  • Eight Hundred Years of Harlington Parish Church in the County of Middlesex, Herbert Wilson, MA, Rector, Uxbridge, 1909.
  • An Historical Account of Those Parishes in the County of Middlesex, Which Are Not Described in the Environs of London, by the Rev. Daniel Lysons, London, 1800, pp. 125–135.
gollark: That's banned anyway.
gollark: Well, that's suspiciously suspicious.
gollark: I think most people keep drægons unnamed though.
gollark: Mysteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeerious.
gollark: Either it's ***__PURE EVIL__*** multiscrolling or someone retrading traded stuff.

References
  1. Susan Reynolds (ed.), A History of the County of Middlesex, vol. 3 (1962)
  2. History of Harlington: Units and Statistics A vision of Britain through time. The University of Portsmouth and others. Accessed 2015-08-31.
  3. Harlington Library
  4. "Contact Us Archived 11 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Hellenic Imperial Airways. Retrieved on 10 May 2011. "London / United Kingdom Hellenic Imperial Airways Axis House 242 Bath Road Harlington UB3 5AY"
  5. Eight Hundred Years of Harlington Parish Church in the County of Middlesex, Herbert Wilson, MA, Rector, Uxbridge, 1909.
  6. "Harlington: Churches." A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3, Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington. Ed. Susan Reynolds. London: Victoria County History, 1962. 270-273. British History Online. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  7. A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3,, Victoria County History, London, 1962.
  8. A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3, Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington, Victoria County History, London, 1962.
  9. Engraved broadside, 1729, British Library.
  10. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1558–1603, edited by P.W. Hasler, 1981.
  11. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604–1629, ed. Andrew Thrush and John P. Ferris, 2010.
  12. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660–1690, ed. B.D. Henning, 1983.
  13. A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3, Victoria County History (VCH), London, 1962.
  14. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715, ed. D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks, S. Handley, 2002.
  15. Alexander Pope, by Leslie Stephen, 1880.
  16. The Alexander Pope Encyclopedia, by Pat Rogers, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004.
  17. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1715–1754, edited by Rodney Sedgwick, 1970.
  18. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1558–1603, ed. P.W. Hasler, 1981
  19. An Historical Account of Those Parishes in the County of Middlesex, Which Are Not Described in the Environs of London, by the Rev. Daniel Lysons, London, 1800, pp. 125–135.
  20. He now started a stud farm at Dawley in Middlesex, which, together with his reputation for integrity, became the cornerstone of his large fortune., Thomas Seccombe, DNB, 1898.
  21. The Racing Calendar for the year 1833, by Edward & Charles Weatherby, London, 1834, p. 561.
  22. O.D.N.B.
  23. The Racing Calendar for the year 1832, by Edward & Charles Weatherby, London, 1833, p. 559.
  24. The World of William Byrd: Musicians, Merchants and Magnates, by Mr John Harley, Ashgate, 2010, pp. 122, 123 & 218.
  25. Fane De Salis MSS.
  26. Just outside the parish of Harlington at Goulds Green there was a house which the De Salis renamed Dawley Court, and lived there from 1835 until 1929 when it was sold and then demolished.
  27. the clergy database
  28. Barnes, Julia (1988). Daily Mirror Greyhound Fact File, page 419. Ringpress Books. ISBN 0-948955-15-5.
  29. "Harlington". Greyhound Racing Times.
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