George Barnes (British politician)

George Nicoll Barnes CH (2 January 1859 – 21 April 1940) was a British Labour politician and a Leader of the Labour Party.

The Right Honourable George Barnes CH
Leader of the Labour Party
In office 14 February 1910 – 6 February 1911
Chief Whip	George Roberts
Preceded by	Arthur Henderson
Succeeded by	Ramsay MacDonald
Minister without portfolio
In office 17 August 1917 – 27 January 1920
Prime Minister	David Lloyd George
Preceded by	Arthur Henderson
Succeeded by	Christopher Addison
Minister of Pensions
In office 10 December 1916 – 17 August 1917
Prime Minister	David Lloyd George
Preceded by	Office Created
Succeeded by	John Hodge
Member of Parliament for Glasgow Gorbals Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown (1906–1918)
In office 8 February 1906 – 15 November 1922
Preceded by	Bonar Law
Succeeded by	George Buchanan
Personal details
Born	George Nicoll Barnes (1859-01-02)2 January 1859 Lochee, Dundee, Scotland
Died	21 April 1940(1940-04-21) (aged 81) London, England
Nationality	British
Political party	Labour
Other political affiliations	Independent Labour Party

Early life

Barnes was born on 2 January 1859 in Lochee, Dundee, the second of five sons of James Barnes, a skilled engineer and mill manager from Yorkshire, and his wife, Catherine Adam Langlands. His brother T. B. Barnes was also active in politics, later becoming a Labour Party councillor in Dundee.[1] The family moved back to England and settled at Ponders End in Middlesex, where his father managed a jute mill in which George himself began working at the age of eleven, after attending a church school at Enfield Highway. He then spent two years as an engineering apprentice, first at Powis James of Lambeth then at Parker's foundry, Dundee.

After finishing his apprenticeship he worked for two years at the Vickers shipyard in Barrow before returning once again to the London area, where he experienced unemployment during the slump of 1879. He had a number of short-term jobs before settling for eight years at Lucas and Aird in Fulham.

Trade union and political involvement

During his time in London, Barnes became an active member of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers. He stood for the general secretaryship of the union in 1895, but was narrowly defeated by the incumbent, John Anderson. However, the following year, Anderson was dismissed for "wilful neglect of duty", and Barnes easily beat him in a new election.[2] Barnes was a committed member of the co-operative movement, and a keen if moderate socialist, which led him to join the Independent Labour Party on its foundation in 1893.

Parliamentary career

Barnes (second from left) in 1906, with other leading figures in the party

At the 1895 general election he stood unsuccessfully for the Independent Labour Party in Rochdale. He was elected as MP for Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown at the 1906 general election for the Labour Party, becoming one of the first two Labour MPs to be elected in Scotland.[3][4] He sat for Blackfriars and Hutchesontown until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election, and thereafter sat for Glasgow Gorbals (which covered the same area) until he stood down at the 1922 election.

From high office to expulsion

Barnes was Leader of the Labour Party from 14 February 1910 to 6 February 1911. He was Minister of Pensions (1916–1917), rising to Minister without Portfolio as one of David Lloyd George's powerful five member war cabinet (1917-1920). In 1918 the Labour Party decided to leave the Lloyd George Coalition but Barnes refused to resign. As a result, he was expelled from the Labour Party, and with the British Workers League founded the pro-coalition National Democratic and Labour Party, many of whose candidates were elected on the Coalition Coupon in December 1918. He also stood in 1918 under the Coalition Labour title. As a reward for his loyalty, he was a participant at the Paris Peace Conference, he was instrumental in the creation of the International Labor Organization(ILO), he was a signatory to the Treaty of Versailles, he is featured in William Orpen's famous painting of the treaty signing (seated second from the right), and he was lionized in the iconic painting, "Statesmen of World War I" (standing directly above Winston Churchill).

Later life

After resigning as a minister early in 1920 he played no further significant role in British politics. In March 1920 he was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour for his ministerial services. He quit politics when the Labour Party announced that it would again field a candidate against him in the general election of 1922. As it was clear that the tide would turn strongly towards the official Labour candidates throughout Glasgow, and as he had no wish to serve in any other party, he decided to withdraw from his seat.

Barnes had a long and active retirement, continuing to support the International Labour Organization, serving as chairman of the Co-operative Printing Society, and publishing several books, including his autobiography, From Workshop to War Cabinet (1923), and a History of the International Labour Office (1926). He was a pleasant-looking, mild-mannered man, but little is known about his private life. In 1882 he had married Jessie, daughter of Thomas Langlands, with whom he had two sons and a daughter; his youngest son was killed in action in France while serving as a Second Lieutenant with the Gordon Highlanders during the First World War.[5]

In 1932, he became the first president of the Pacific organization The New Commonwealth. He died in 1940 at his London home, and was buried in Fulham Cemetery.

References

1. Kenneth Baxter (2011). "Lily Miller". In Various (ed.). Ten Taysiders Forgotten Figures from Dundee, Angus & Perthshire. Dundee: Abertay Historical Society. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-900019-48-7.
2. Alan Haworth and Dianne Hayter, Men Who Made Labour, p.24
3. The other was Alexander Wilkie who was elected for Dundee at the same election.
4. "MS 325 Dundee City Labour Party". Archives Services Online Catalogue. University of Dundee. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
5. "Son of Mr G. N. Barnes, MP, Killed". The Scotsman. 4 October 1915.

Bibliography

• "Barnes, George Nicoll" in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by George Barnes

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Bonar Law	Member of Parliament for Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown 1906–1918	Constituency abolished
New constituency	Member of Parliament for Glasgow Gorbals 1918–1922	Succeeded by George Buchanan
Trade union offices
Preceded by John Anderson	General Secretary of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers 1896–1908	Succeeded by Jenkin Jones
Party political offices
Preceded by Arthur Henderson	Leader of the British Labour Party 1910–1911	Succeeded by Ramsay MacDonald
Political offices
Preceded by New Post	Minister of Pensions 1916–1917	Succeeded by John Hodge
Preceded by Arthur Henderson	Minister Without Portfolio representing Organised Labour 1917–1920	Succeeded by Last incumbent