Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede

The Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede
The Right Honourable; The Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
	In office; 13 March – 25 August 1931
Prime Minister	Ramsay MacDonald
Preceded by	Clement Attlee
Succeeded by	The Marquess of Lothian
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport
	In office; 1929–1931
Preceded by	The Earl Russell
Succeeded by	John Allen Parkinson
Personal details
Born	16 February 1871
Died	23 March 1946 (aged 75)
Spouse(s)	Dorothea Parry
Children	2, including Elizabeth
Parents	Henry Ponsonby; Mary Bulteel
Alma mater	Balliol College, Oxford

Arthur Augustus William Harry Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede (16 February 1871 – 23 March 1946), was a British politician, writer, and social activist. He was the third son of Sir Henry Ponsonby, Private Secretary to Queen Victoria, and the great-grandson of The 3rd Earl of Bessborough. The 1st Baron Sysonby was his elder brother.

Ponsonby is often quoted as the author of the dictum "When war is declared, truth is the first casualty", published in his book Falsehood in War-time, Containing an Assortment of Lies Circulated Throughout the Nations During the Great War (1928). However, he uses this phrase in quotation marks as an epigram at the start of the book and does not present it as his own words. Its likely origin is the almost identical line spoken in 1917 by the United States Senator Hiram Johnson: "The first casualty when war comes is truth".[1]

Education and early career

Ponsonby was a Page of Honour to Queen Victoria from 1882 to 1887. He was educated at Eton College. While at Eton, Ponsonby was whipped for organising a steeplechase in his dormitory.[2]

Ponsonby studied at Balliol College, Oxford, before joining the Diplomatic Service and taking assignments in Constantinople and Copenhagen.

Politics

At the 1906 general election, Ponsonby stood unsuccessfully as Liberal candidate for Taunton. He was elected as Member of Parliament for Stirling Burghs at a by-election of 1908, which replaced ex-Prime Minister Henry Campbell-Bannerman, who had just died.

In Parliament, Ponsonby opposed the British involvement in the First World War and, with George Cadbury, Ramsay MacDonald, E. D. Morel, Arnold Rowntree, and Charles Trevelyan, he was a member of the Union of Democratic Control, which became a prominent antiwar organisation in Britain.

Queen Victoria and her page, Arthur Ponsonby

Ponsonby was defeated at the 1918 general election in which he stood as an "Independent Democrat" in the new Dunfermline Burghs constituency.[3] He then joined the Labour Party and returned to the House of Commons at the 1922 general election as member for the Brightside division of Sheffield.[3]

In 1924, Ramsay MacDonald appointed Ponsonby as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and he later served as Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs and then as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport in 1929.

The International Council of the War Resisters' International (WRI), meeting in Broederschapshuis (The Brotherhood House), Bilthoven, Netherlands in July 1938, during the Spanish Civil War. Ponsonby is pictured standing far right in the photograph. Click on the image for further details of people in the photograph.

In 1930, Ponsonby was raised to the peerage as a hereditary baron, taking the title Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede from his home at Shulbrede Priory in Sussex. He served as leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords from 1931 until 1935, resigning because he was opposed to the party's support for sanctions against Italy for its invasion of Abyssinia.

In 1927–1928, Ponsonby ran a significant Peace Letter campaign against British preparations for a new war, and from 1936 he was an active member of the Peace Pledge Union, contributing regularly to Peace News.

Ponsonby opposed the initiative of Lord Charnwood and Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, to ask his Majesty's Government to react against the genocidal Holodomor policies of the Soviet Government.[4][5]

From 1935 to 1937 he was Chair of the International Council of the War Resisters' International.

Resignation

In May 1940 Ponsonby resigned from the Labour Party, opposing its decision to join the new coalition government of Winston Churchill.

He wrote a biography of his father which won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1942: Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria's Private Secretary: His Life and Letters.

Death

Ponsonby died on 23 March 1946 and was succeeded by his son Matthew Henry Hubert Ponsonby.

Personal life and family

On 12 April 1893 he married Dorothea Parry, daughter of Hubert Parry and Elizabeth Maude Herbert (1851–1933), a daughter of Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea. They had a daughter, Elizabeth (1900–1940), who during the 1920s became well known as a leading figure of the Bright Young People,[6] and a son, Matthew (1904–1976), who became the 2nd Baron.

Arms

Coat of arms of Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede
	Crest Out of a ducal coronet Azure three arrows, point downwards, one in pale and two in saltire, entwined at the intersection by a snake proper. Escutcheon Gules a chevron between three combs Argent Motto Pro Rege Lege Grege (For The King, The Law, And The People) [7]

Works

The Priory and Manor of Lynchmere and Shulbrede (1920).
The Camel and the Needle's Eye (1910).
The Decline of the Aristocracy (1912).
Falsehood in War-Time (1928).
Henry Ponsonby: his Life from his Letters (1942).

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Notes

Hiram Johnson in U. S. Senate, 1918, quoted in The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When, by Ralph Keyes, Macmillan, p. 228, 2006, ISBN 0-312-34004-4
Hansard, vol. 85, col. 701, 7 July 1932 http://parlipapers.proquest.com/parlipapers/docview/t71.d76.lds5lv0085p0-0012
Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
In the Parliament, in The Times dated 26 July 1934
"Russia, vol 93 cc1097-117". Hansard 1803–2005 Lords Sitting. 25 July 1934. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
D. J. Taylor, Bright Young People: The Lost Generation of London's Jazz Age (2007).
Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage. 2000.

References

Raymond A. Jones, Arthur Ponsonby: The Politics of Life (Helm, 1989)
Charles Kidd, David Williamson, (editors) Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, 1990 edition (New York: St Martin's Press, 1990)
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs

External links

Works by or about Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede at Internet Archive
Catalogue of the papers of Arthur Ponsonby at the Bodleian Library, Oxford
Falsehood in War-Time: Propaganda Lies of the First World War by Arthur Ponsonby MP
Two pictures of Ponsonby at The National Portrait Gallery (UK)
Brief bio at Spartacus Schoolnet
The Ponsonby Rule at the Wayback Machine (archived 1 August 2003) Google HTML of a PDF document.
Arthur Ponsonby's Dream
Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Arthur Ponsonby

Court offices
Preceded by Albert Wellesley	Page of Honour 1882–1887	Succeeded by Victor Wellesley
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman	Member of Parliament for Stirling Burghs 1908–1918	Constituency abolished
Preceded by Sir Tudor Walters	Member of Parliament for Sheffield Brightside 1922–1930	Succeeded by Fred Marshall
Political offices
Preceded by Ronald McNeill	Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1924	Succeeded by Ronald McNeill
Preceded by The Earl of Plymouth	Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs 1929	Succeeded by William Lunn
Preceded by The Earl Russell	Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport 1929–1931	Succeeded by John Allen Parkinson
Preceded by Clement Attlee	Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1931	Succeeded by The Marquess of Lothian
Party political offices
Preceded by The Lord Parmoor	Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords 1931–1935	Succeeded by The Lord Snell
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by Fenner Brockway	Chair of War Resisters' International 1934–1937	Succeeded by George Lansbury
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by New creation	Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede 1930–1946	Succeeded by Matthew Henry Hubert Ponsonby

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[1] Hiram Johnson in U. S. Senate, 1918, quoted in The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When, by Ralph Keyes, Macmillan, p. 228, 2006, ISBN 0-312-34004-4

[2] Hansard, vol. 85, col. 701, 7 July 1932 http://parlipapers.proquest.com/parlipapers/docview/t71.d76.lds5lv0085p0-0012

[Craig-3] Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.

[4] In the Parliament, in The Times dated 26 July 1934

[5] "Russia, vol 93 cc1097-117". Hansard 1803–2005 Lords Sitting. 25 July 1934. Retrieved 9 January 2013.

[6] D. J. Taylor, Bright Young People: The Lost Generation of London's Jazz Age (2007).

[7] Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage. 2000.