Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix,[4][5][6][7] baptized Quirin Frideric de Forcade, aka Friedrich Quirin von Forcade, aka Frédéric Quérin de Forcade[8] (* 11 January 1699,[2][8] Berlin;[2][4][9] † 23 March 1765,[1][10][11] Berlin[1][10][11][12]) was a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General,[1][9][13] the second son of a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General,[9] an early Huguenot immigrant to Brandenburg-Prussia and a descendant of the noble family of Forcade. He was one of King Frederick the Great's most active and most treasured officers.[10][14] He was wounded three times and once left for dead on the battlefield. Together with his wife, he fathered 23 children.[10]

His Excellency[1] Lieutenant General, Sir

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix
circa 1758
Born
Quirin Frideric de Forcade[2]

(1699-01-11)11 January 1699[2]
Berlin, Brandenburg[2]
Died(1765-03-23)23 March 1765[1]
Berlin, Brandenburg[1]
Burial placeFamily vault in the crypts under the Garnisonkirche, Berlin (before 1949)[1]
Südwestkirchhof Stahnsdorf (after 1949)
TitleDomherr of Havelberg
Drost in Neuenrade
Amtshauptmann of Zinna
President of the Ober-Collegium Sanitatis
Lieutenant governor of Breslau
Spouse(s)Marie de Montolieu, Baroness de Saint-Hippolyte (1727)
Children23, of which 4 stillborn, most notably:
Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix
Charlotte Sophie Therese Marthe von Forcade
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix
Friedrich Heinrich Ferdinand Leopold von Forcade de Biaix
Parent(s)Lieutenant General Sir Jean de Forcade de Biaix and Juliane Freiin von Hoenstedt
Military career
Allegiance Prussia
Service/branchPrussian Army
RankLieutenant General
Unit1st White Fusilier Guards, under the 1st Prussian Infantry Regiment (1713-1721)
23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment (1721-1757)
Commands held23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment (14 July 1748)
Commandant of Berlin (14 July 1748)
Adjutant General to King Frederick the Great (24 December 1756)
Prussian Infantry at the Battle of Breslau (16 February 1757)
Battles/wars
AwardsKnight of the Order of Pour le Mérite
Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle[3]
MemorialsEquestrian statue of Frederick the Great, north facing commemorative plaque

He was Regimentschef of the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment,[13][15] recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite,[5][9] Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle,[3][9][13][14][16] Canon (German: Domherr) of Havelberg,[5][14] Castellan (German: Drost) in Neuenrade in the County of Mark,[9] Lord Seneschal (German: Amtshauptmann) of Zinna,[9][10][13][14] President of the Ober-Collegium Sanitatis in Berlin and Lieutenant governor of Breslau.[13]

In 1851, his name was immortalized on the north facing commemorative plaque on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great in Berlin.

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix is erroneously referred to in some 19th century historical sources in Prussia as the Marquis de Biaix.[3][14][17] As with his father, there is no evidence that he was ever a Marquis. Biaix was not a marquisate, but instead a noble manor (see also Manorialism). He was also never the Seigneur de Biaix. The title Seigneur was not hereditary. In the case of his family, his grandfather, who purchased the Biaix Manor in 1659, was the Seigneur de Biaix.[18] Following his death in 1684, his father's eldest brother inherited the property and the right to enter the Estates of Béarn and became the next Seigneur de Biaix. He, in turn, passed it to his eldest son.

Early life

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix was the second son of Lieutenant General Jean de Forcade de Biaix (1663–1729) and his wife, the Baroness Juliane von Honstedt, daughter of the Major General Baron Quirin von Honstedt,[9][19][20] from Württemberg but in the service of Prussia. His baptismal Godfather was none less than Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg and King in Prussia in 1698, who became Frederick I of Prussia the first King of Prussia aka "the Mercenary King" in 1701.

His father was a Huguenot religious exile[10][21] who was among the earliest arrivals in Brandenburg-Prussia,[22] after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by the Edict of Fontainebleau[14] in October 1685. Unlike his father and his eldest brother, choosing to not abjure from his Calvinist beliefs, he left his native Béarn in France for Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick I of Prussia, then Elector of Brandenburg, was not only encouraging, but actively facilitating, Huguenot immigration.

Little else is known about his early life.

Military career
Portrait of a Regimental Commander, probably Johann Quirin von Forcade; by Antoine Pesne, date unknown, before 1757.

The lives and careers of both Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix and his father are intricately linked to the history of the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment, founded in 1713 and disbanded in 1806. Forcade spent the majority of his career on the infantry side of this regiment. The regiment also included a company of Grenadiers, the 2nd Grenadier Company. It was garrisoned in Berlin from 1716 until 1806. He later commanded the entire regiment, including the Grenadiers, for 17 years, (14 July 1748 - 23 March 1765). His father commanded the regiment during 13 years (February 1716 - 2 February 1729). During much of its existence, as well as more than 200 years after, it was referred to as Forcade's Regiment. The Regiment is immortalized in the German military marching composition "Das Regiment Forcade" that was in use as late as World War II.

Forcade entered Prussian military service in 1713[4][9] during the reign of King Frederick William I of Prussia (1713–40), beginning what would become one of the most notable military careers in the history of the Kingdom of Prussia, spanning some 53 years,[12] and further serving under King Frederick the Great (1740–65).

  • 21 September 1713,[4][9] appointed as a Fähnrich,[4][9] an entry-level commissioned officer with the Grenadiers of the Weiße Füsilier-Leibgarde Nr. 1, in the 1st Prussian Infantry Regiment,[4] aka General Field Marshall Count von Wartensleben's Infantry Regiment (in 1788, called von Bornstedt's Regiment).[9]

Great Northern War (1715)

Following Brandenburg-Prussia's declaration of war against Sweden in the summer of 1715, Forcade fought in the Pomeranian Campaigns. He fought at the Siege of Stralsund[4][11] (15 June 1715 - 23 December 1715), where he was wounded for the first time, the storming of the Peenemuende Lair (21–22 August 1715) and on Rügen Island (16–18 November 1715).

First Silesian War (1740–42)

He fought near Glogau (29 December 1740 - 2 January 1741), Breslau (29 December 1740 - 2 January 1741), Ottmachau Palace (12 January 1741), Troppau (23 January 1740), Graetz (25 January 1741), the Battle of Mollwitz[4][11] (10 April 1741), at Neisse (19 October 1741 - 31 October 1741), Laa (12 March 1742), Bruenn (31 March 1742 - 3 April 1742), Austerlitz (10 April 1742) and Wartha (25–26 May 1742).

Second Silesian War (1744–45)

Forcade and the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment fought at Prague (2–18 September 1744), Pless aka Josephstadt (27 November 1744), Patschkau (27 December 1744) the Battle of Hohenfriedberg[4][11] (4 June 1745), Gross- and Klein Bocken (31 July 1745), around Neustadt in Böhmen (11–12 September 1745), at the Battle of Soor[4][10][11][14] (30 September 1745) and at Trautenbach and Schatzlar (16 October 1745).

The regiment lost its Regimentschef, Major General Wolf Alexander Ernst Christoph von Blanckensee, at the Battle of Soor. Forcade himself, was shot through the calf of his right foot.[11] Badly wounded,[10][13][14] he was left for dead on the battlefield.[11][12] King Frederick the Great attributed the glory of the victory to him for his actions on the battlefield that day,[5][11][12] and, on 6 January 1746, awarded him the Kingdom of Prussia's highest order of merit, the Pour le Mérite,[5][10][11][13][14] as well as a pension of 600 Thaler[5][10][11][13][14] and the title of Canon (Domherr) of Havelberg.[5][10][11][13][14]

Another episode in 1746 demonstrates just how much King Frederick the Great treasured Forcade. During a ritual presentation at court at the Berlin Palace, Forcade had to lean on a window because of his wounded right foot. The King personally brought him a chair, graciously saying: "My dear Colonel von Forcade, so brave and worthy a man, as He is, well deserves that even the King himself brings him a chair."[10][11][12][14][23][24]

  • In 1747, on occasion of the baptism of his son, Friedrich Heinrich Ferdinand Leopold, the King Frederick the Great was the Godfather. As a gift, the King ordered von Forcade to accept the title of Drost zu Neuenrade (the Official responsible for the militarily administrative district of Neuenrade) in the County of Mark with the royal command that it be later transferred to the child.[14]
  • May 1747, promoted to Major General,[11] with rank retroactive to 4 December 1743.[11][13]
  • Appointed on 14 July 1748 as Regimentschef[4] of his father's old regiment,[4] the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment,[4][13] at the time also referred to as Donha's Regiment, after his predecessor, Count Christoph zu Dohna.[11][14][15]

Seven Years' War (1754–63)

Forcade commanded his regiment in early engagements near Pirna (11 September 1756 - 16 October 1756).

Forcade and the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment were particularly active during the Seven Years' War.

1757

He commanded his regiment, fighting alongside of his men, at

Forcade's infantry lost 600 men during each of the battles at Prague and Leuthen.

When the King took possession of Leuthen, he personally wrote of von Forcade:

English translation: "My dear Lieutenant General von Forkade. I know that he has endured much at this siege, and it is our fortune because of him, that we were soon able to become masters of the city, because he otherwise, without my being able to help or relieve him, would have had to endure even more. So I thank him for it, and because he endured the most here : so shall he also alone have the honor from it. So, I herewith award him not only the Order of the Black Eagle, but also appointed him as Lieutenant governor of Breslau. I have awarded the vacant {command of} the Bremen Grenadier Company in Golz' Regiment to his eldest son, who is my Adjutant, because he well deserves it".

1758

Forcade was wounded again at the Zorndorf.[11][12][13][25] The Prussians lost 12,800 men, the Russians lost 18,000 men at Zorndorf. Forcade lost 1,600 of his men that day, 800 each from his infantry and Grenadiers, as well as the Grenadier's commanding officer, Major Ernst Sigismund von Wedell.

He again lost 1,600 of his men again at Hochkirch, 800 each from his infantry and Grenadiers, where the Prussians were defeated on the battlefield.

1759
  • the Battle of Friedland in Bohemia (9 September 1759); Infantry

During this successful battle, Forcade's infantry took 700 prisoners and destroyed an important munitions depot.

1760

At the Battle of Torgau, Forcade lost 15 officers and more than 600 men.

1761

1762

Although Forcade's Grenadiers won the Battle of Grethen against 4,000 Austrians, they lost their commanding officer, Major Joachim Friedrich von Rathenow, who died from his wounds a week after the battle.

The Treaty of Hubertusburg

In 1763, following the Treaty of Hubertusburg,[11] he received a gift of 8,000 Thaler[11] from King Frederick the Great.[10][13]

A cabinet order of the King on 19 May 1763 created a War Tribunal, presided over by Lieutenant General von Forcade, together with Lieutenant Generals von Wedell, von Czetteritz and von Wylich.[27]

Final Years

The proverb "Brave wie Forcade" (Brave like Forcade) became a standard expression of valor in the Prussian Army during the 18th century. "Das Regiment Forcade (hat nie ein Feind besiegt)" (lyrics by Georg von Kries, melody by Hans Hertel, 1906) was long a standard, at times mandatory, composition in the German military song repertoire.

His Legacy

Following Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix's death in 1765, his widow received a handwritten letter,[11] in French, from King Frederick the Great, that reads:

English translation: "I take advantage of the first {free} moment of my convalescence to let you know the part I take in the loss you experienced, and what I want to do to relieve your justifiable pain. I give you a first pension of five hundred crowns for the long and faithful {years of} service that your husband rendered me; a second identical sum, in consideration of your happy fertility; and a third, also of five hundred crowns, to help you raise your children. I can only recommend that you make sure that they follow in the footsteps of their father."[14][28]

Madame von Forcade undoubtedly highly appreciated this well-deserved gesture. She made sure that their children respected the King's wishes; all four sons were said to have been commissioned officers; six of the seven daughters were said to have married military men, and the seventh married a pastor and was the head of a religious order.

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix was interred following a state funeral where he was given a vault for himself and his family in the crypts under the Old Garrison Church in Berlin, which was destroyed during the allied bombing of Berlin on 23 November 1943. Following the destruction of the church, the tombs not destroyed during the bombings, where among others 15 Prussian Field Marshals and about 50 Prussian Generals were buried between 1722 and 1830, were broken into and plundered by grave robbers on several occasions. At the recommendation of the Soviet military authorities, the 199 human remains still present were gathered from the vault and were placed into 47 coffins, and transferred into a community grave at the de:Südwestkirchhof Stahnsdorf near the chapel. His remains, and those of his wife, were among those transferred.

A 19th century theatrical play centered around Frederick the Great, affectionately referred to as (Old Fritz), and Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix {citation needed}.

In 1851, General von Forcade was immortalized on the north facing commemorative plaque on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great in Berlin.

Family

Coat of Arms
Coat-of-Arms, Forcade, Marquies de Biaix, Prussian Branch, pre-1856[29]

The family motto of the Prussian branch is "In Virtute Pertinax".[30]

Coat of Arms: An escutcheon with the field divided into four parts. Left half: argent tincture, a gules lion holding a sinople eradicated oak tree between its paws; azure tincture charged with three or mullets; Right half: a gules castle with three towers on an argent tincture; sinople tincture charged with three argent roses below it. A Grafenkrone (Count's coronet) as helmut on top of the escutcheon, crested with a or fleur-de-lis. Two or lions supporting the escutcheon. Motto: "In Virtute Pertinax".[31]

Heraldic Symbolism: The lion symbolizes courage; the eradicated oak tree symbolizes strength and endurance; the towers are symbols of defense and of individual fortitude; the mullets (5-star) symbolizes divine quality bestowed by god; the rose is a symbol of hope and joy; the fleur-de-lis is the floral emblem of France; the coronet is a symbol of victory, sovereignty and empire. A Count's coronet to demonstrate rank and because the family originally served the counts of Foix and Béarn during the English Wars in the Middle Ages.

Parents

Jean de Forcade de Biaix[32] (1663-1729), was a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General.[14][21][32] He was the Regimentschef[21] of the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment, Commandant of the Royal Residence in Berlin,[14][21] Gouverneur militaire of Berlin and Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle.[14]

He married the Baroness Juliane von Honstedt,[9][10][14] from the noble house of Erdeborn, on 15 April 1697. She was the daughter of Major General[9] Quirin, Erbherr (Allod) von Honstedt[9][19][20] (aka Hohnstedt, aka Honstädt), Herr of Sulzau, Weikenburg and Erdeborn,[20] and his wife Maria Magdalena Streiff von Löwenstein,[9][20] of Falkenau, Diedenhosten and Bacour.[20]

Marriage

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix originally intended to marry a daughter of French Baron François Mathieu Vernezobre de Laurieux (1690–1748).[33] The rich baron and his family had left Paris after the collapse of John Law's Mississippi Company in 1720 and befriended King Frederick William I of Prussia. When the King ordered Vernezobre to marry his daughter to von Forcade de Biaix, who she rejected, the marriage was only averted when Vernezobre agreed to undertake the construction of a prestigious city residence for the King, referred to as the Vernezobre'sche Palais, located at Husarenstraße 102, later renamed in his honor to Wilhelmstrasse 102, after the King's death in 1740.

He subsequently married on 7 October 1727[34] at the French Cathedral in Berlin[34] with 18 year old Baroness Marie de Montolieu de St.-Hippolyte[10][11] aka Maria von Montaulieu, Freiin von St.-Hippolyte (* 23 August 1709, Berlin; † 15 September 1767,[35] Berlin[35]), the youngest daughter of Sardinian and Prussian Major General[11] Louis de Montolieu, Baron de Saint-Hippolyte (* about 1667, Saint-Hippolyte-de-Caton, France; † 23 August 1738, Berlin), also a Huguenot exile. From their marriage and until their respective deaths, the couple maintained a fixed residence and home in Berlin.

Children

A look at the baptisms of the couple's children provides a both interesting and noteworthy documentary of just how close the ties were between the Forcades, the royal family, members of the royal household and other key figures in Frederick the Great's most intimate inner circle.

Over a period of 25 years, the couple had 23 children,[8][10][11][35] including four said to be stillborn.[8][11] Eleven survived[8][10][11] their father, of which four were sons.[8] Known are:

  1. Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix[36] (* 23 July 1728, Berlin; † 3 September 1778, Frankfurt/Oder[36]), the eldest son,[36] Royal Prussian Colonel, Schwadronschef (Rittmeister) of the 2nd Grenadier Company in the 24th Prussian Infantry Regiment, and, after 1 July 1761, acting Regimentschef[36] of the [24th Prussian Infantry Regiment][36] garrisoned in Frankfurt/Oder,[36] recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite[36] He was presented for baptism on 23 August 1728[37] at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by none less than the King, Frederick William I of Prussia and Major General Jean de Forcade de Biaix, the paternal grandfather, together his Godfathers.[37] Also present at the baptism were the Princess Johanna Charlotte von Anhalt-Dessau, Margrave Douairière[37] and widow of Margrave Philip William of Brandenburg-Schwedt,[38] Countess Anna Sophia von Treskow, second wife of General Field Marshal Count Alexander Hermann von Wartensleben, and Susan de Pelissier, wife of Major General Louis de Montolieu, Baron de Saint-Hippolyte and the child's the maternal grandmother, collectively his Godmothers.
  2. Louis von Forcade de Biaix (* 20 August 1729, Berlin; † 19 January 1737, Berlin). The child was presented for baptism on 27 August 1729 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Louis de Montolieu, Baron de Saint-Hippolyte, Major General in the service of the King of Prussia and Lieutenant Marshal in the service of Philip V of Spain, King of Sardinia, the child's maternal grandfather, and by Dame Julie von Honstedt, widow of Lieutenant General Jean de Forcade de Biaix, his paternal grandmother, his Godparents.
  3. Charlotte Sophie von Forcade de Biaix (* 30 July 1730, Berlin; † 15 March, 1794, Ober Langenöls, Silesia), ∞ 29 July 1748 in Berlin-Garnisonkirche with Heinrich Siegismund von Eberhard († 5 March 1757). She was presented for baptism on 8 August 1730 in her parents' home in Berlin by Baron Friderich Charles, de Montolieu, the King's Chamberlain and the child's maternal uncle, and by Dame Philippine Sophie de Forcade de Biaix, wife of Major Paul Albrecht de Glereau (sometimes written de Gleveau) and the child's paternal aunt, his Godparents.
  4. Louise Susanne[39] von Forcade de Biaix (* 4 December 1731, Berlin) ∞ on 17 November 1756 in Berlin with Carl Bernhard Feriherr von Prittwitz und Gaffron (* 29 March 1735; † 7 September 1786, Berlin).[40][41] She was presented for baptism on 14 December 1731 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Forcade's commanding officer Colonel Egidius Ehrentreich von Sydow, Baron Eberhard Wilhelm von Honstedt, Louise Charlotte von Sturm, wife of Colonel Christian Reinhold von Derschau, and by Susanne de Montolieu, Baroness de Saint-Hippolyte, wife of Lieutenant Colonel Henri le Chenevix de Beville and the child's maternal aunt, collectively the Godparents.
  5. Christian Louis von Forcade de Biaix (* 3 January 1733, Berlin; † 27 April 1739, Berlin). The child was presented for baptism on 14 December 1731 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Monseigneur the Margrave Christian Louis, Baron Johann Gottfried von Cocceji,[42] Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État), Gertrud von Haeseler,[43] wife of Ehrenrich Bogislaus von Creutz,[44] Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) and Cabinet Secretary under King, Frederick William I of Prussia, and by Anna Charlotte von Brandt, wife of General Egidius Ehrentreich von Sydow, collectively his Godparents.
  6. Twin: Albertine Marthe von Forcade de Biaix, the elder twin (* 25 February 1734, Berlin; † 10 May 1734, Berlin). The child was presented for baptism on 7 March 1734 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by the General Field Marshal Count Albrecht Konrad Finck von Finckenstein and by Madame Marthe de Rocoulle[45] (sometimes de Rocoulles, de Roukoul),[46] Grand Governess (French: Grande gouvernante, German: Oberhofmeisterin) to the royal family, a Huguenot refugee who arrived in Berlin as the widow of Esaie du Maz de Montbail[47][48][45] in 1685.
  7. Twin: Françoise Wilhelmine von Forcade de Biaix, the younger twin (* 25 February 1734, Berlin; † 25 May 1734, Berlin). The child was presented for baptism on 7 March 1734 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Johann Moritz von Viebahn, Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) and Auditor General of the Prussian Army in the Department of Criminal Affairs, and by Miss Sophia Wilhelmine von Kameke, Lady in Waiting (French: Dame d'Honneur) to the Queen of Prussia, Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, daughter of Paul Anton von Kameke, the Grand Master of the King's wardrobe (French: Grand-maître de la garde-robe du roi) [49] and his wife, Ilse Anna von Brünnow, the Grande Maîtresse to the royal household.[50]
  8. Elisabeth Marie Henriette Quirin von Forcade de Biaix (* 21 December 1735, Berlin; † 24 September 1774, Klieken, Saxony-Anhalt; buried 27 September 1774, Berlin-Spandau), ∞ 22 August 1756 with Lieutenant General Philipp Friedrich Lebrecht von Lattorff (* 29 December 1733, Klieken; † 15 July1808, Klieken). She was presented for baptism on 5 January 1734 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Prince Henry of Prussia, Lieutenant General Count Friedrich Sebastian Wunibald Truchsess zu Waldburg, by the Duke of Holstein (believed to actually be Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach), by the Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia, by the Margrave Douairière Louise Charlotte of Brandenbourg, née Duchess of Courland, and by Christiane Freiin Wolfskeel von Reichenberg,[51] aka Madame von Katsch, Grand Governess (French: Grande gouvernante, German: Oberhofmeisterin) to the Queen and widow of Christoph von Katsch,[52] First Minister of Justice, collectively her Godparents.
  9. Guillaume Henry Leopold Philippe von Forcade de Biaix (* 1737, Berlin; † 23 July 1737, Berlin). He was presented for baptism on 10 March 1737 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by General Field Marshal Friedrich Wilhelm von Grumbkow, Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État), Count Heinrich von Podevils, Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État), Leopold August von Wülknitz,[53] Chamberlain and later Hofmarschall to the King, Lieutenant Colonel Philippe de Brueys, Baron de Bézuc, Margarethe Elisabeth von Rhetz (sometimes von Reetz), widow of Lieutenant General David Gottlob von Gersdorff, and by the wife of the Chamberlain von Morian, collectively his Godparents.
  10. Sophie Mariane Louise von Forcade de Biaix (* 2 November 1738, Berlin; † 26 January 1739, Berlin). She was presented for baptism on 15 November 1737 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Monseigneur Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, his wife, Adam Otto von Viereck, Paul Anton von Kameke, and the Baroness von Montzinger, the Baroness Luise Susanne von Beschefer, wife of Baron Ludwig Kasimir von und zu Hertefeld and daughter of Huguenot Lieutenant General Jacob de Bechefer, aka Jakob von Beschefer, Commandant of Magdeburg, collectively her Godparents.
  11. Caroline Albertine Louise von Forcade de Biaix (* 2 December 1739, Berlin; † 22 August 1739, Hohenfinow, Barnim, Brandenburg), ∞ before 1766 with three time widower Baron Matthieu de Vernezobre de Laurieux (* 15 April 1721, Paris; † 28 April 1782, Hohenfinow), married in his first marriage with Charlotte Henriette Amalie von Cocceji (* 5 August 1729; † 4 October 1757). She was presented for baptism on 15 December 1739 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Monseigneur Charles William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Count General Field Marshal Christoph Wilhelm von Kalckstein, her first cousin once removed Captain Isaac de Forcade de Biaix, Countess Charlotte Albertine Finck von Finckenstein, wife of Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm von Kannenberg, Sophia Albertine von Creutz, wife of Royal Adjutant General Count Hans Christoph Friedrich von Hacke, and the wife of Gerhard Heinrich von Wolden, Chamberlain to Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt and later Hofmarschall in Rheinsberg to Frederick the Great, collectively her Godparents.
  12. Christophle Louis von Forcade de Biaix (* 24 March 1741, Berlin; † 2 November 1768, Jakarta, Indonesia). He was presented for baptism on 3 April 1741 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Christoph II., Burggrave and Count of Dohna-Schlodien[54] Lord Steward of the Household (German: Obersthofmeister, French: Grand Maître de la cour) of Queen Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, by Count Friedrich Ludwig von Wartensleben, the Queen's Hofmarschall (French: Maréchal de la cour), by Baron von Müller, Queen Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern's Chamberlain, by Johanna Charlotte von Beschefer, wife of Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) Samuel von Cocceji and daughter of Huguenot Lieutenant General Jacob de Bechefer, aka Jakob von Beschefer, Commandant of Magdeburg, by Katharina Dorothea Charlotte von Erlach,[55] wife of Leopold August von Wülknitz, Queen Mother Sophia Dorothea of Hanover's Hofmarschall (French: Maréchal de la cour), elevated on 5 November 1742 to Count,[56] and the Countess Anne Friederike von Kameke, wife of Leopold Alexander von Wartensleben, Adjutant General to the King. He died on 2 November 1768 in Jakarta, Indonesia, while employed as a sergeant for the Dutch East India Company on his first voyage. There is some evidence, although inconclusive, that he may have married a Marguerite Dubeau from Bitburg, and had at least one son, Johann Baptiste von Forcade, born in Berlin about 1765, who immigrated to Québec and married there in 1787.
  13. Leopoldine Augustine Anne Charlotte von Forcade de Biaix (* 24 August 1742, Berlin; † 7 May 1784, Königsberg, East Prussia), ∞ about 1766 with Carl Ludwig von Koschembahr[57] (* 10 June 1723, Postelwitz, Duchy of Oels; † 16 December 1781,[58] Königsberg, East Prussia), Royal Prussian Lord Steward of Forests (German: Oberforstmeister). She was presented for baptism on 3 September 1742 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau, wife of Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis, Duchess of Württemberg, by Anne de Bezuc, Baroness de Verfeuil,[59] wife of Monsieur Alexandre de la Tour du Pin-Gouvernet, Baron de Verfeuil[60] and sister of Colonel Philippe de Brueys, Baron de Bezuc, by Marguerite Charlotte le Chenevix de Beville, widow of Colonel Philippe de Brueys, Baron de Bezuc, Governor of Neuchâtel, Knight of the Ordre de la Générosité, by Catherine de Thibaud, wife of Conseiller de cour Aymar de Montolieu de Saint-Hippolyte, and by Major Duclos, collectively her Godparents.
  14. Charlotte Sophie Therese Marthe von Forcade de Biaix (* 25 October 1743, Berlin; † 23 March 1799, Steinfurth near Bad Nauheim), First Lady-in-Waiting (German: Erste Ehrendame, French: Première Dame d'honneur) to the Princess of Prussia, ∞ 29 September 1775[61] in Berlin-Friedrichstadt with Baron Johann Hugo Wilhelm Löw von und zu Steinfurth (* 25 August 1750, Lübz; † 23 May 1786, Steinfurth near Bad Nauheim), Royal Prussian Chamberlain and Knight of the Order of Joseph. She was presented for baptism on 7 November 1743 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg, the Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) Friedrich Wilhelm von Borck and the Grand Squire (French: Grand Écuyer) Friedrich Wilhelm von Roeder, by Sophie-Caroline de Brandt, aka the Countess de Camas, Grand Governess (French: Grande gouvernante, German: Oberhofmeisterin) of the court of Queen Elisabeth Christine and widow of Paul de Camas,[62] formerly the Prussian Ambassador to Paris and a close personal friend of the French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher, Voltaire, Dorothea von Trzebitzky, aka the Countess Truchsess zu Waldburg, wife of Lieutenant General Count Friedrich Sebastian Wunibald Truchsess zu Waldburg, and by Mademoiselle Marthe de Montbail, collectively her Godparents.
  15. Georg Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix,[36] baptized Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix (* 19 October 1746, Berlin; † 31 August 1811, Wohlau, Silesia), later referred to as the second son,[36] Royal Prussian Major[36] in the 1st Hussar Regiment;[36] married before 1783 with Johanna Sophia Zippelius (* 8 June 1755; † 21 August 1802, Winzig near Breslau, Silesia). He was presented for baptism on 29 October 1746 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Major General Georg Konrad von der Goltz on behalf of King Frederick the Great, by Prince Augustus William of Prussia, Prince of Prussia, by General Field Marshal Count Samuel von Schmettau, by Major General Count Hans Christoph Friedrich Graf von Hacke, by Princess Luise Amelie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, wife of the Prince of Prussia, by Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia, by Madame von Blaspigel, Grand Governess (French: Grande gouvernante, German: Oberhofmeisterin) to Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia, and by Anna von Brünnow, aka the Countess von Kameke, widow of Paul Anton von Kameke, collectively his Godparents.
  16. Friedrich Heinrich Ferdinand Leopold von Forcade de Biaix[36] (* 19 December 1747,[36] Berlin; † 12 October 1808,[36] Schleibitz Manor,[63] Oels, Silesia), the third son, retired Royal Prussian Lieutenant Colonel, participated in the Rhine Campaigns,[36] recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite (1774),[36] Castellan in Neuenrade in the County of Mark[36] after his father's death; ∞ 15 April 1782[36] at Ossen Manor in Oels, Silesia to Johanna Christine Wilhelmine von Koshembahr und Skorkau[36] from the house of Ossen[14] (* 13 January 1761, Ossen Manor in Oels, Silesia; † 9 July 1816, Breslau, Silesia). He was presented for baptism on 13 January 1748 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt on behalf of the King Frederick the Great by the Duke of Holstein and Governor of Berlin Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Messeigneurs Prince Henry of Prussia and Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia, the King's brothers, the Reigning Prince Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, the General Field Marshal Count Kurt Christoph von Schwerin, Infantry Major General Baron Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué, and Burgrave and Count Christoph II., von Dohna-Schlodien, collectively his Godfathers. The Godmothers were Princess Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau, wife of Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Marie Johanna von Riffer, aka the Countess von Schmettau, wife of General Field Marshal Samuel von Schmettau, Countess Maria Anna Finck von Finckenstein, wife Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) Adam Otto von Viereck, Countess Sophia Henrietta von der Schulenburg wife of Count Heinrich von Podevils, and Mademoiselle Auguste-Marie-Bernardine von Tettau, First Dame d'atour to Queen Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern and daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Karl von Tettau.[64]
  17. Albertine Wilhelmine von Forcade de Biaix (* between September 1748 and June 1749, presumably Berlin; † 12 August 1777, Heiligengrabe-Techow, Prignitz, Brandenburg), secular Canoness of the Convent of the Holy Sepulcher in Heiligengrabe, ∞ 12 April 1776 in Heiligengrabe-Techow with Pastor Gottlieb Joachim Hindenberg (* about 1736, Haselberg, Wriezen, Märkisch-Oderland; † 6 September 1803, Heiligengrabe-Techow)[65]
  18. Leonore Wilhelmine Albertine Susanne von Forcade de Biaix (* 9 August 1750, Berlin). She was baptized on 30 August 1750 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt. Her Godparents were the Count von Besse, General Field Marshal Alexander Hermann Count von Wartensleben, Baron Johann Georg von Reisewitz,, Squire (French: Écuyer, German: Stallmeister)[66] to Prince Henry of Prussia, the Queen Mother's Lord Marshall (German: Oberhofmarschall French: Grand-Maréchal), Baron Ernst Maximilian von Reist Sweerts (sometimes von Sverts and von Schwertz), Director of the Berlin Opera, Countess Eleonora Lucia von Ilten, widow of Georg Christoph von Schlieben, Grand Huntsman (German: Oberjägermeister French: Grand veneur), Charlotte Wilhelmine von Grävenitz, widow of Major General Georg Konrad von der Goltz, the widow of Baron von Klessing, and Countess Eleonore Louise Albertine von Schlieben, widow of Baron Dietrich Cesarion von Keyserlingk and formerly Lady-in-Waiting (German: Ehrendame, French: Dame d'honneur) to Queen Elisabeth Christine. She may have married a von Woldeck. Historical literature published in 1799 about the Huguenot community in Prussia make specific reference to such a marriage, but without precision as to whether it was a daughter or a sister of Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix.[67]
  19. Wilhelmine Friederike von Forcade de Biaix (* 18 March 1753, Berlin; † 26 March 1759, Berlin). She was presented for baptism on 13 January 1748 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Princess Wilhelmina of Hesse-Kassel, wife of Prince Henry of Prussia, Prince Frederick of Prussia, the Count de Bredow, Lord Steward of the King's Wardrobe (French: Grand-maître de la garde-robe du roi), Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Kannenberg, Lord Steward of the Household (German: Oberhofmeister, French: Grand-maître) of Queen Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Crown Princess of Prussia, Lieutenant Colonel von Königsmark, the Countess von Schwerin, Governess to Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia, Countess Charlotte Sophie von Aldenburg, aka the Countess von Bentinck, Countess von Bess, and Countess Sophie Henriette Susanne Finck von Finckenstein, from the house of Gilgenburg, wife of Count Karl-Wilhelm Finck von Finckenstein, collectively her Godparents.
Children of Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix who survived into adulthood, with their respective spouses.

Other Family
  • Brother: Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix, King Frederick I of Prussia's Godson,[68] (* 10 February 1698,[68] Berlin; † 11 June 1735, Berlin).[69]
  • First cousin: Isaac Quirin von Forcade de Biaix (ca. 1702–1775), Royal Prussian Lieutenant Colonel, Hofmarschall with the 18th Prussian Infantry Regiment, recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite.
  • Sister: Sophie Philippine von Forcade de Biaix, aka Philippina Sophia de Forcade[70] aka Sophie Philippine von Forcade[71] (* about 1704), married on 28 June 1729[72] in Berlin with Paul Albret Theuenin des Glereaux, aka Paul Albrecht de Glereau,[72][70] (* 19 October 1688, Königsberg, East Prussia; † before 1739), a Captain in the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment, aka the von Sidow Regiment. On 12 June 1739[70] in Königsberg, East Prussia, as a widow, she remarried with Georg Wilhelm von Aschersleben[73] (1704-1775), President of the Pomeranian War and Domain Chamber ("Pomeranian Kriegs- und Domänenkammer"[73] aka "Kammer- und Kommerz Collegii") in Stettin, responsible for the financial and fiscal administration of Pomerania.
  • Other sisters: Louise Madeleine von Forcade de Biaix[74] and Charlotte Louise von Forcade de Biaix.[75] One of these may have married a von Woldeck. Historical literature published in 1799 about the Huguenot community in Prussia make specific reference to such a marriage, but without precision as to whether it was a daughter or a sister of Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix.[67]

Titles and Offices

Historical terms, in particular those related to offices, titles and awards, are often outdated in their usage to the point that modern dictionaries no longer contain them. To understand their meaning in the present day context it is necessary to look into dictionaries from the period. Historical terms in German used in the production of this article, and their English definitions, include:

Regimentschef

The appointment to Regimentschef, a Regimental Commander in the Prussian Army, was usually for life. For this reason, most regiments were known and referred to by the name of their Chef, the commander, for example Forcade's Regiment instead of the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment.

Note: In a similar tradition, a Schwadronschef aka Rittmeister was a Squadron Commander (of horse-mounted troops), usually for life, or until retirement or discharge for disability. The terms Schwadronschef and Rittmeister are synonymous and are often used interchangeably in the 18th century.

Amtmannschaft von Zinna

the Office of Lord Seneschal of Zinna

  • Amtmannschaft (die): synonym with "Drostei"; the Seneschal's Lordship, Dignity, Power or Jurisdiction, the Bailiwick See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 102 (in German and English)

Amtshauptmann von Zinna

Lord Seneschal of Zinna

  • Amtshauptmann (der): the Lord Seneschal, a Lord High-Constable, an Upper Bailiff. See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 102 (in German and English)

Domherr von Havelberg

Canon of Havelberg

  • Domherr (der): Latin "Canicius"; a Canon, a Prebendary, a Canonist See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 602 (in German and English)

Domherstelle zu Havelberg

the Canonship of Havelberg

  • Domherrstelle (die): a Canonship, the Place of a Canon in a Cathedral or Collegiate Church See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 602 (in German and English)

Drost zu Neuenrade

Castellan of Neuenrade

  • Drost (der): synonym with "Landdrost", "Landshauptmann" and "Landsvogt"; a Lord Seneschal, a governor of a certain part of a country, an Upper Bailiff, a Castellan See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 618 (in German and English)

President of the Ober-Collegium Sanitatis

In accordance with the Medical Edict of 12 November 1685 a central national "Collegium Medicum" was created in Berlin to supervise the medical professions. In 1719, the "Collegium Sanitatis" was founded, in large part due to the impact of the Plague of 1709-11. Its mission was paramedical policing, in particular sanitation policing in the community, and disease control. The two were later merged into the "Ober-Collegium Sanitatis".

Notes
  1. Berlin-Friedrichstadt, Deaths Vol. 1748-1773 p. 548 (in French manuscript) (subscription required)
  2. Berlin-Friedrichstadt, Baptisms Vol. 1673-1704, p. 391 (in French manuscript) (subscription required)
  3. Königlich Preußischer Hoher Orden vom Schwarzen Adler (1871), p. 20 (in German)
  4. Lange, Page 91 (in German)
  5. Lehmann, Band 1, Page 34, Nr. 245 (in German)
  6. Blažek, Part 3, Page 131 (in German)
  7. Verlag Buschak & Irrgang (1877), p. 281 (in German)
  8. Tollinen, Band III, Abteilung 1B, Page 72 (in German)
  9. König, Band 1, Page 430 (in German)
  10. Zedlitz-Neukirch, Band 2, Page 179 (in German)
  11. König, Band 1, Page 431 (in German)
  12. Lange, Page 92 (in German)
  13. Heinsius, Issue 52, Page 241, Nr. V (in German)
  14. Zedlitz-Neukirch, Band 4, Page 390 (in German)
  15. Gieraths, Band 8, Page 79 (in German)
  16. Ledebur (1835), Band 17, Page 43 (in German)
  17. Priesdorff, Band 1, Page 354, Nr. 371 (in German)
  18. Chaix d'Est-Ange, Tome 18, Page 315 (in French)
  19. Zedlitz-Neukirch, Band 2, Page 436 (in German)
  20. Zedlitz-Neukirch, Band 5, Page 245 (in German)
  21. König, Band 1, Page 429 (in German)
  22. Chaix d'Est-Ange, Tome 18, Page 316 (in French)
  23. Komander, Page 310 (in German)
  24. Naumann, Band 1, Page 522 (in German)
  25. Johann Friedrich Seyfart (1760). Geschichte des im 1756 und 1757sten Jahre in Deutschland und dessen angränzenden Ländern geführten Krieges: in welcher nicht allein alle merkwürdige Kriegs-Begebenheiten mit unpartheiischer Feder beschrieben, und durch beygefügte richtige Abrisse aller Belagerungen, Schlachten [et]c. erläutert, sondern auch von den vornehmsten Generals und andern in diesem Kriege bekantgewordenen Personen die Lebens und andere merkwürdige Umstände angeführt werden. Zweyter Theil, zweyter Abschnitt der Geschichte des seit 1756. in Deutschland und dessen angränzenden Ländern geführten Krieges : mit Pl. No. 27, 30, 19, 23, 26, 28, 29. pp. 352–.
  26. Gieraths, Band 8, Page 111 (in German)
  27. Winter, Page 155 (in German)
  28. Paganel, Volume 1, Page 425 (in French)
  29. Tyroff (1856), p. 4 (in German)
  30. Champeaux, Page 105 (in French)
  31. Throff's Preuß. W. B. XV. 4
  32. Picamilh, Tome 1, Page 421 (in French)
  33. Bourrachot, p. 59 (in French)>
  34. Berlin-Friedrichstadt, Marriages Vol. 1707-1747, p. 247 (in French manuscript) (subscription required)
  35. Heinsius, Issue 73, Page 825, Nr. XI (in German)
  36. Zedlitz-Neukirch, Band 4, Page 391 (in German)
  37. Berlin-Friedrichstadt, Baptisms Vol. 1720-1730, p. 212 (in French manuscript) (subscription required)
  38. Pöllnitz von (1737), Lettres et Mémoiresdu Baron de Pöllnitz, Tome 1, p. 37 (in French)
  39. Hempel, Christian Friedrich (1766). "Siebenzehndes Buch, Welches die Geschichte des 1765sten Jahres enthält. §. 747 Von den grossen und verdienten Männern welche der preußische Staat in dem 1765sten Jahre durch den Tod verlohren.". Helden Staats und Lebens Geschichte Des Allerdurchlauchtigsten, und Großmächtigsten Königs und Herrn, Herrn Friedrichs des Andern. Jetzt glorwürdigst regierenden Königs in Preussen, Churfürsten zu Brandenburg, souverainen und obersten Herzogs in Schlesien, u. a. Achter Theil, welcher die Geschichte vom März 1763 bis zum October des 1765sten Jahres enthält (in German). 8. Theil. Frankfurt & Leipzig. pp. 567–568. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  40. Berlin-Dorotheenstadt Deaths, 1775-1788, p. 524
  41. Prittwitz (1870), pp. 201-205 (in German)
  42. Genealogisch-historische Nachrichten von den Allerneuesten Begebenheiten, welche sich an den e Europäischen Höfen zutragen, worinn zugleich Wieler Standes-Personen und anderer Berühmter Leute Lebens-Beschreibungen vorkommen, als eine Fortsetzung des Genealog. Histor. Archivarii. Der I. Theil, Volume 14, Verlag Johann Samuel Heinsius, Leipzig, 1739, pp. 243-245
  43. World History
  44. Fohann Friedrich Gauhen (1747), Des Heil. Röm. Reichs Genealogisch-Historisches Adels-Lexic, Zweiter und letzter Theil, Johann Friedrich Gleditsch, Leipzig (in German)
  45. Erman/Reclam (1799), p. 252 (in French)
  46. Margravine Wilhelmine (consort of Friedrich, Margrave of Bayreuth): Mémoires Frédérique Sophie Wilhelmine, Margrave de Bareith, Soeur de Frédéric le Grand, depuis l'Année 1706 jusqu'à 1742, Écrits de sa Main, Nouvelle Édition. Tome Premier, Frédéric Vieweg & Fils, Brunswick, 1845, p. 13 (in French)
  47. Erman/Reclam (1784), pp. 116-127 (in French)
  48. Erman/Reclam (1799), p. 210 (in French)
  49. Margravine Wilhelmine (consort of Friedrich, Margrave of Bayreuth): Mémoires Frédérique Sophie Wilhelmine, Margrave de Bareith, Soeur de Frédéric le Grand, depuis l'Année 1706 jusqu'à 1742, Écrits de sa Main, Nouvelle Édition. Tome Premier, Frédéric Vieweg & Fils, Brunswick, 1845, p. 6 (in French)
  50. Margravine Wilhelmine (consort of Friedrich, Margrave of Bayreuth): Mémoires Frédérique Sophie Wilhelmine, Margrave de Bareith, Soeur de Frédéric le Grand, depuis l'Année 1706 jusqu'à 1742, Écrits de sa Main, Nouvelle Édition. Tome Premier, Frédéric Vieweg & Fils, Brunswick, 1845, p. 259 (in French)
  51. Deutsch Biographie (in German)
  52. Œuvres de Frédéric le Grand - Werke Friedrichs des Großen, Digitale Ausgabe der Universitätsbibliothek Trier (in German)
  53. Neues Genealogisch-Schematisches Reichs- und Staats- Hand-buch: vor das Jahr MDCCLX von welchem der Inhalt auf der nachfolgenden Seite befindlich ist. Mit Römisch Kayserlicher Majestät allergnädigster Freiheit. Franz Barrentrop, Frankfurt am Main 1760 p. 310 (in German)
  54. Louis Gabriel Michaud, Joseph Fr. Michaud: Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne, Volume 11, Paris, 1814, p. 480 (in French)
  55. Berner Geschlechter
  56. Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch, Neues preußisches Adelslexicon oder genealogische und ..., Volume 1, p. 41 (in German)
  57. Rolf Straubel, Biographisches Handbuch der preußischen Verwaltungs- und Justizbeamten 1740-1806/15, Teil 1, Biographien A-L, K.G. Saur, München 2009, p. 521 (in German)
  58. Königsberg deutsch-reform. Burgkirche, Bestattungen 1765-1782, p. 133
  59. Erman/Reclam (1794), p. 219 (in French)
  60. SHPF (1912), pp. 325-326 Digitalisat
  61. Heinsius, Issue 157, Page 471, Nr. 5 (in German)
  62. L'esprit des journaux, français et étrangers ; par une société de gens de lettres. Trente-deuxième année, l'Imprimerie du Journal, Brussels, January 1803, pp. 35-51 (in French)
  63. Zedlitz-Neukirch, Band 2, Page 180 (in German)
  64. Œuvres de Frédéric le Grand - Werke Friedrichs des Großen, Edition numérisée par la Bibliothèque Universitaire de Trèves (in French)
  65. Kieckebusch, Page 202 (in German)
  66. Neue und vollkommene königliche französische Grammatica, Berlin 1766
  67. Erman/Reclam (1799), p. 319 (in French)
  68. Tollinen, Band III, Abteilung 1B, Page 65 (in German)
  69. Tollinen, Band III, Abteilung 1B, Page 81, Nr. 72 (in German)
  70. Königsberg Reformed Burgkirche, Vol. Deaths and Marriages 1687-1803, Page p. 99 (in German manuscript) (subscription required)
  71. Grundmann (1744), p. 318 (in German)
  72. Berlin-Parochial, Vol. Marriages 1703-1753, Page p. 104, Nr. 6 (in German manuscript) (subscription required)
  73. Dienemann, Nachrichten vom Johanniterorden, Page 360 (in German)
  74. Tollinen, Band III, Abteilung 1B, Page 73 (in German)
  75. Tollinen, Band III, Abteilung 1B, Page 74 (in German)
gollark: I think you can use similar logic to the proof that all numbers are interesting to disprove this?
gollark: So if anything wants to know the IP, it *has* to - indirectly - contact my server.
gollark: There's only one authority for d.osmarks.net and it's my server.
gollark: People want to be able to know the IPs for things still, I guess.
gollark: Generally you won't talk to my nameserver directly but to a recursive DNS resolver which then looks it up. The nice thing about DNS is that even on internal network-type things, DNS queries will quite likely be propagated to the outside world.

References
  • Archiv der Stiftung Zentralstelle für Personen- und Familiengeschichte, Berlin-Dahlem
  • Blažek, Konrad (1894). "Forcade de Biaix". Der abgestorbene Adel der Preussischen Provinz Schlesien. Dritter Theil [The Extinct Nobility of the Prussian Province of Silesia. Third Part.] (image/x.djvu). J. Siebmacher's grosses und allgemeines Wappenbuch in einer neuen, vollständig geordneten und reich vermehrten Auflage mit heraldischen und historisch- genealogischen Erläuterungen (in German). Sechsten Bandes Achte Abtheilung. Nürnberg: Bauer & Raspe. pp. 131–132, 267 (table 85). Retrieved 11 July 2017 – via Biblioteka Śląska, Katowice.
  • Dufau de Maluquer, Armand de & Jaurgain, Jean de: Armorial de Béarn, 1696-1701 : extrait du recueil officiel dressé par ordre de Louis XIV [sous la direction de C. d'Hozier] / texte publié d'après les manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale et accompagné de notes bigraphiques, historiques et généalogiques, Tome 2, Pau 1893, Pages 473-474. (in French)
  • Erman, Jean Pierre & Reclam, Peter Christian Friedrich: Mémoires Pour Servir à l'Histoire des Réfugiés François dans les États du Roi - Tome 3, Berlin 1784, p. 172. (in French)
  • Erman, Jean Pierre & Reclam, Peter Christian Friedrich: Mémoires Pour Servir à l'Histoire des Réfugiés François dans les États du Roi - Tome 8, Frédéric Barbiez, Berlin 1794, pp. 217–219 (in French)
  • Erman, Jean Pierre & Reclam, Peter Christian Friedrich: Mémoires Pour Servir à l'Histoire des Réfugiés François dans les États du Roi - Tome 9: Tableau des Militaires et des Nobles Appartenans aux Colonies Françoises des États du Roi depuis l'Époque du Refuge, Berlin 1799, pp 119–121. (in French)
  • French Cathedral of Berlin-Friedrichstadt: Register of Baptisms Vol. 1673-1704, p. 391 (in French manuscript, subscription required)
  • French Cathedral of Berlin-Friedrichstadt: Register of Marriages Vol. 1707-1747, p. 247 (in French manuscript, subscription required)
  • French Cathedral of Berlin-Friedrichstadt: Register of Deaths Vol. 1748-1773, p. 548 (in French manuscript, subscription required)
  • Gieraths, Günther: Die Kampfhandlungen der brandenburgisch-preussischen Armee, 1626-1807, Band 8, Berlin 1964, Pages 79 & 111. (in German)
  • Heinsius, Johann Samuel (Verlag): Fortgesetzte neue genealogisch-historische Nachrichten von den vornehmsten Begebenheiten, welche sich an den europäischen Höfen zutragen, worinn zugleich vieler Stands-Personen Lebens-Beschreibungen vorkommen. Der 49.-54. Theil (1764-1765), Leipzig 1766, Page 241, Nr. V (in German)
  • Heinsius, Johann Samuel (Verlag): Fortgesetzte neue genealogisch-historische Nachrichten von den vornehmsten Begebenheiten, welche sich an den europäischen Höfen zutragen, worinn zugleich vieler Stands-Personen Lebens-Beschreibungen vorkommen. Der 73.-84. Theil (1766-1767), Leipzig 1768, Page 825, Nr. XI (in German)
  • Heinsius, Johann Samuel (Verlag): Fortgesetzte neue genealogisch-historische Nachrichten von den vornehmsten Begebenheiten, welche sich an den europäischen Höfen zutragen, worinn zugleich vieler Stands-Personen Lebens-Beschreibungen vorkommen. Der 157.-168. Theil (1774-1776), Leipzig 1775-1777, Page 471, Nr. 5 (in German)
  • Hempel, Christian Friedrich (1766). "Siebenzehndes Buch, Welches die Geschichte des 1765sten Jahres enthält. §. 747 Von den grossen und verdienten Männern welche der preußische Staat in dem 1765sten Jahre durch den Tod verlohren.". Helden Staats und Lebens Geschichte Des Allerdurchlauchtigsten, und Großmächtigsten Königs und Herrn, Herrn Friedrichs des Andern. Jetzt glorwürdigst regierenden Königs in Preussen, Churfürsten zu Brandenburg, souverainen und obersten Herzogs in Schlesien, u. a. Achter Theil, welcher die Geschichte vom März 1763 bis zum October des 1765sten Jahres enthält (in German). 8. Theil. Frankfurt & Leipzig. pp. 567–568. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
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  • Naumann, Gottlob: Sammlung ungedruckter Nachrichten, so die Geschichte der Feldzüge der Preußen von 1740. bis 1779. erläutern, Band 1, Dresden 1782 (in German)
  • O'Gilvy, Gabriel & Bourrousse de Laffore, Pierre Jules de: Nobiliaire de Guienne et de Gascogne. Revue des familles d'ancienne chevalerie ou anoblies de ces provinces, antérieures à 1789, avec leurs généalogies et armes, Tome 3, Paris 1860, Pages 169-185. (in French)
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  • Schöning, Kurd Wolfgang von: Die Generale der chur-brandenburgischen und königlich preussischen Armee von 1640-1840. (Chronologische Uebersicht der Brandenb. Preuss. Generalität seit 1640.) Eine historische Uebersicht, sammt vielen eingewebten urkundlichen Notizen als Jubelschrift dem vaterländischen Kriegesheere geweiht, Page 71, Nr. 364. (in German)
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  • Société de l'histoire du protestantisme français (1912). "Les Chiffres de M. Abbé Roquette. Études sur les Fugitifs du Languedoc (Usès) (1)" (application/PDF/TXT/JPEG). Bulletin Historique & Littéraire. Paris: Société de l'histoire du protestantisme français. LXI (61) (9e de la 5e Série): 325–326, 330, 583. ark:/12148/bpt6k658029.
  • Tollinen, Henri Wilhelm Nathanael: Geschichte der Französischen Colonie von Magdeburg, Band III, Abteilung 1B, Magdeburg, Faber 1893, Pages 49, 54, 64-65, 72-74, 81, 112, 368, 463-464, 583, 861. (in French)
  • Universitätsbibliothek Trier, Digitale Ausgabe der: Œuvres de Frédéric le Grand - Werke Friedrichs des Großen, Search results: "'Forcade'" (in French & German)
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  • Zedlitz-Neukirch, Leopold von: Neues preußisches Adelslexicon oder genealogische und diplomatische Nachrichten von den in der preussischen Monarchie ansässigen oder zu derselben in Beziehung stehenden fürstlichen, gräflichen, freiherrlichen und adeligen Häusern mit der Angabe ihrer Abstammung, ihres Besitzthums, ihres Wappens und der aus ihnen hervorgegangenen Civil- und Militärpersonen, Helden, Gelehrten und Künstler: P - Z, Band 4, 1837, Pages 390-392. (in German)
  • Zedlitz-Neukirch, Leopold von: Neues preußisches Adelslexicon oder genealogische und diplomatische Nachrichten von den in der preussischen Monarchie ansässigen oder zu derselben in Beziehung stehenden fürstlichen, gräflichen, freiherrlichen und adeligen Häusern mit der Angabe ihrer Abstammung, ihres Besitzthums, ihres Wappens und der aus ihnen hervorgegangenen Civil- und Militärpersonen, Helden, Gelehrten und Künstler: Supplement, Band 5, 1839, Pages 243-245. (in German)

Literature
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