Ford Heights, Illinois

Ford Heights (formerly East Chicago Heights) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States and a south suburb of Chicago. The population was 2,763 at the 2010 census,[3] down from 3,456 in 2000. It is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of downtown Chicago. Ford Heights is one of the oldest predominantly African American communities in the Chicago area.[4] The village suffers from high levels of crime and poverty and was once known as the poorest suburb in America.[5]

Ford Heights, Illinois

East Chicago Heights, Illinois
Village
Location of Ford Heights in Cook County, Illinois.
Location of Illinois in the United States
Coordinates: 41°30′33″N 87°35′17″W
Country United States
StateIllinois
CountyCook
TownshipBloom
Incorporated1949
Government
 • MayorAnnie R. Coulter
Area
 • Total1.95 sq mi (5.04 km2)
 • Land1.95 sq mi (5.04 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)  0%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total2,763
 • Estimate 
(2019)[2]
2,682
 • Density1,378.21/sq mi (532.10/km2)
 Down 20.05% from 2000
Standard of living (2007-11)
 • Per capita income$12,217
 • Median home value$80,200
ZIP code(s)
60411
Area code(s)708
Geocode26710
FIPS code17-26710
Websitewww.villageoffordheights.org
Demographics (2010)[3]
White Black Asian
2.1% 95.6% 0.1%
Islander Native Other Hispanic
(any race)
0.00% 0.3% 1.9% 1.5%

Geography

Ford Heights is located at 41°30′33″N 87°35′17″W.[6]

According to the 2010 census, Ford Heights has a total area of 1.95 square miles (5.05 km2), all land.[7] The village lies on the edge of the Tinley Moraine.

History

The area that would eventually become Ford Heights was first settled in the late 1840s.[8] It served as a stopping point on the Underground Railroad for runaway slaves fleeing to freedom.[9][10] By the early 20th century, the area had developed into an agricultural community of farms operated mostly by Poles, Lithuanians, and Italians. After World War I, African Americans from the Southern U.S. migrated to the area and worked on the farms.

A new subdivision known as the "Park Addition" was created on a farm road from Chicago Heights to Indiana, and it attracted residents to the area during the early 1920s. In 1924, 40 families successfully petitioned for electrical service. Soon after, the main east-west road became a two-lane concrete highway designated as U.S. Route 30, part of the transcontinental Lincoln Highway. By the 1930s, the Park Addition had telephone service and was known as East Chicago Heights.[8] During the 1940s, Alberta Armstrong and others organized both black and white women in the community to raise funds for a new fire truck. By 1948, they had become the East Chicago Heights Citizens Association.[8]

East Chicago Heights was incorporated as a village in 1949.[9] In the 1950 census, 1,548 people lived in the village – 76.9% of whom were black. The Ford Motor Company opened a stamping plant adjacent to the village in 1956. The company offered minorities an equal opportunity for well-paying jobs, and East Chicago Heights developed into a blue-collar community inhabited mostly by middle-class black families whose housing choices in suburban Chicago were severely limited at that time.[9] The village's population more than doubled to 3,270 by 1960. That growth continued throughout the decade, with one of the biggest successes being the Sunnyfield subdivision, which opened in 1964 and became one of the most popular neighborhoods in East Chicago Heights.[8]

Towards the end of the 1960s, over 60 acres (24 ha) of housing deemed substandard were cleared and replaced by federally subsidized public housing. These developments attracted lower income residents to East Chicago Heights, which strained the village's resources, already limited by little commercial activity and a small tax base.[8] The population rose to 5,000 in 1970 and peaked at 5,347 in 1980. In an attempt to annex the unincorporated site of the Ford Stamping Plant, the village of East Chicago Heights changed its name to Ford Heights in 1987. The move was unsuccessful, and the land eventually was annexed by the neighboring city of Chicago Heights.[11]

Often viewed as one of Chicago's most impoverished suburbs and at one point the poorest suburb in the United States,[12] Ford Heights has experienced high levels of political corruption, decaying infrastructure, and an elevated crime rate. In 2008, the Cook County Sheriff's Department took over law enforcement duties for the village.[13] Between 1980 and 2010, the population of Ford Heights declined by more than 48%.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
19501,548—
19603,270111.2%
19705,00052.9%
19805,3476.9%
19904,259−20.3%
20003,456−18.9%
20102,763−20.1%
Est. 20192,682[2]−2.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[14]

As of the census[15] of 2000, there were 3,456 people, 984 households, and 779 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,954.9 people per square mile (753.9/km2). There were 1,019 housing units at an average density of 576.4 per square mile (222.3/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 1.77% White, 95.89% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 1.16% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.52% of the population.

There were 984 households out of which 48.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 21.5% were married couples living together, 49.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.51 and the average family size was 3.98.

In the village, the population was spread out with 45.3% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 14.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 70.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $17,500, and the median income for a family was $16,706. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $20,243 for females. The per capita income for the village was $8,938. About 45.1% of families and 49.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 62.0% of those under age 18 and 29.1% of those age 65 or over. This is one of the highest rates in an urban area in the United States.

US 30 in Ford Heights

Government

Ford Heights is in Illinois' 2nd congressional district.

Education

Public education in the village of Ford Heights is provided by Ford Heights School District 169 and Bloom Township High School District 206: Ford Heights School District 169 operates two campuses: Medgar Evers Primary Academic Center (grades PK-4) and Cottage Grove Upper Grade Center (grades 5-8). High school students in Ford Heights attend Bloom Trail High School, which is part of Bloom Township High School District 206.

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References
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  2. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  3. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Ford Heights village, Illinois". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 10, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  4. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/472.html
  5. https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/30/us/the-view-from-poorest-us-suburb.html
  6. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  7. "G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-08-03.
  8. "Ford Heights, IL". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
  9. History – Village of Ford Heights, Illinois, USA. Accessed March 18, 2009.
  10. The Chicago Southland Communities: Ford Heights Archived 2005-09-20 at the Wayback Machine – Chicago Southland Chamber of Commerce. Accessed March 18, 2009.
  11. "Suburbs and Cities as a Dual Metropolis". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
  12. Dirk Johnson (1987-04-30). "The View from Poorest U.S. Suburb". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
  13. "Ford Heights loses police dept". ABC7 News. 2008-04-21.
  14. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  15. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
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