Bill Cassidy

William Morgan Cassidy (born September 28, 1957) is an American physician and politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Louisiana, a seat he was elected to in 2014.[1] A member of the Republican Party, he served in the Louisiana State Senate from 2006 to 2009 and in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2009 to 2015.

"William Cassidy" redirects here. For other persons named William Cassidy or Bill Cassidy, see William Cassidy (disambiguation).
"Senator Cassidy" redirects here. For other uses, see Senator Cassidy (disambiguation).

Bill Cassidy
United States senator
from Louisiana
Assumed office
January 3, 2015
Serving with John Kennedy
Preceded byMary Landrieu
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Louisiana's 6th district
In office
January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2015
Preceded byDon Cazayoux
Succeeded byGarret Graves
Member of the Louisiana Senate
from the 16th district
In office
December 20, 2006 – January 3, 2009
Preceded byJay Dardenne
Succeeded byDan Claitor
Personal details
Born
William Morgan Cassidy

(1957-09-28) September 28, 1957
Highland Park, Illinois, U.S.
Political partyRepublican (2001–present)
Other political
affiliations		Democratic (before 2001)
Spouse(s)
Laura Layden
(
m. 1989)
Children3
EducationLouisiana State University (BS, MD)
WebsiteSenate website

Born in Highland Park, Illinois, Cassidy is a graduate of Louisiana State University (LSU) and LSU School of Medicine. A gastroenterologist, he was elected to the Louisiana State Senate from the 16th district, which included parts of Baton Rouge, in 2006. In 2008, he was elected as the U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 6th congressional district, defeating Democratic incumbent Don Cazayoux. In 2014, Cassidy defeated Democratic incumbent Mary Landrieu to represent Louisiana in the U.S. Senate, becoming the first Republican to hold the seat since Reconstruction.

Early life, education and private career

William Morgan Cassidy was born in Highland Park, Illinois, one of four sons of Elizabeth and James F. Cassidy, and is of Irish and Welsh descent.[2] He grew up in Baton Rouge and received a B.S. (1979) from Louisiana State University and an M.D. from LSU School of Medicine (1983).[3] Cassidy specialized in the treatment of diseases of the liver at the Earl K. Long Medical Center (LSUMC).[4] His wife, Laura (née Layden), is also a physician; they met during their respective residencies in Los Angeles and married on September 29, 1989.[5] In the early 1990s, both worked at the Earl K. Long Medical Center, where Laura was the hospital's head of surgery. Cassidy worked as a gastroenterologist at the facility until it closed in 2013.[6] The couple has three children.[7] They are members of The Chapel on the Campus, a nondenominational Christian Church that meets on LSU's campus in Baton Rouge.[8]

In 1998, Cassidy helped found the Greater Baton Rouge Community Clinic to provide uninsured residents of the greater Baton Rouge area with access to free health care. The Clinic provides low-income families with free dental, medical, mental health and vision care through a "virtual" approach that partners needy patients with doctors who provide care free of charge.[9]

Cassidy has also been involved in setting up the nonprofit Health Centers in Schools, which vaccinates children in the East Baton Rouge Parish School System against Hepatitis B and flu.[10][11]

In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, Cassidy led a group of health care volunteers to convert an abandoned K-Mart building into an emergency health care facility, providing basic health care to victims of the hurricane.[12]

Early political career

Cassidy was first elected to the Louisiana State Senate in 2006 as a Republican. He had previously been a Democrat, supporting Michael Dukakis for president in 1988 and donating to the 1992 presidential campaign of Senator Paul Tsongas (D-MA)[13][14] and to Louisiana Democrats Governor Kathleen Blanco in 2003−04 and Senator Mary Landrieu in 2002. In 2013, Cassidy called his donation to Landrieu a "youthful indiscretion," saying that she "got elected and fell into partisan politics... Louisiana hasn't left Mary, Mary has left us." Since 2001, he has mostly contributed to Republican candidates, including Senator David Vitter. According to Cassidy, he switched parties after the extinction of conservative Democrats and because of his frustration with the bureaucracy and inefficiency of the public hospital system.[14][15]

On December 9, 2006, Cassidy won a special election for the District 16 seat in the Louisiana Senate. In his first bid for public office, Cassidy defeated veteran State Representative William Daniel, a fellow Republican, and Libertarian candidate S.B. Zaitoon. The election was held to replace Jay Dardenne, who vacated the seat he had held since 1992 upon his election as Louisiana Secretary of State. Cassidy was sworn in on December 20, 2006. On October 20, 2007, Cassidy was reelected, to a full four-year term in the Louisiana State Senate. Cassidy received 76% of the vote against Republican Troy "Rocco" Moreau (15%) and Libertarian Richard Fontanesi (9%).

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

On November 4, 2008, Cassidy was elected to serve Louisiana's 6th district in the U.S. House of Representatives, defeating incumbent Democratic Congressman Don Cazayoux with 48% of the vote.[16] He likely owed his victory to the independent candidacy of state representative Michael L. Jackson. Jackson, who is African-American, finished third with 36,100 votes, more than the 25,000-vote margin separating Cassidy and Cazayoux.

In the 2010 midterm elections, Cassidy easily won a second term, defeating Democrat Merritt E. McDonald of Baton Rouge with 66% of the vote.[17] In the 2012 election, Cassidy was reelected again, defeating Rufus Holt Craig, Jr., a Libertarian, and Richard Torregano, an Independent. Cassidy received 79% of the vote.[18]

Tenure

In May 2009, Cassidy partnered with California Representative Jackie Speier to introduce legislation that would amend the House of Representatives rules to require that members of Congress list their earmark requests on their Congressional websites. Previous earmark reform efforts had focused on disclosure of earmarks that were funded by Congress.[19] In June 2010, he introduced the Gulf Coast Jobs Preservation Act to terminate the moratorium on deep water drilling and require the Secretary of the Interior to ensure the safety of deep water drilling operations.[20][21] He worked to ensure that money from the Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund, which was established in the wake of the BP oil spill, is spent on coastal restoration efforts.[22]

In December 2010, Cassidy voted to extend the tax cuts enacted during the administration of President George W. Bush.[23] He voted for the Constitutional Balanced Budget Amendment of 2011.[24]

In May 2013, Cassidy introduced the Energy Consumers Relief Act of 2013 (H.R. 1582) to require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to submit reports to both the United States Congress and the United States Department of Energy regarding proposed regulation that would have significant compliance costs (an impact of over $1 billion).[25][26] The Department of Energy and Congress would then have the option of stopping or altering the EPA proposal.[25]

In 2013, due to the American Medical Association's decision to officially recognize obesity as a disease, Senators and Representatives, including Cassidy, helped introduce legislation to lower health care costs and prevent chronic diseases by addressing America's growing obesity crisis. Cassidy said the Treat and Reduce Obesity Act could help empower physicians to use all methods and means to fight the condition.[27]

In June 2013, Cassidy supported a House-passed bill that federally banned abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy.[28] Also in 2013, Cassidy circulated a draft letter opposing an immigration reform bill, asking for signatures. Representative Mark Takano, a high school literature teacher for 23 years, marked it up in red pen like a school assignment and gave it an F, with comments like, "exaggeration -- avoid hyperbole," and "contradicts earlier statement."[29]

In 2014 Cassidy co-sponsored an amendment to the Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act in 2014 to limit annual premium increases for flood insurance, reinstate the flood insurance program's grandfathering provision, and eliminate a provision that required an increase to actuarial levels when a home is sold.[30]

Cassidy was a vocal opponent of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly called Obamacare or the Affordable Care Act), arguing that it would fail to lower costs and give too much decision-making authority to the federal government.[31] In September 2014, the House passed the Employee Health Care Protection Act of 2013 (H.R. 3522; 113th Congress), sponsored by Cassidy, enabling Americans to keep health insurance policies that do not meet all of the Affordable Care Act's requirements.[32] In March 2017, Cassidy sent a letter to one of his constituents that falsely asserted that Obamacare "allows a presidentially handpicked 'Health Choices Commissioner' to determine what coverage and treatments are available to you."[33]

Cassidy supported the Lowering Gasoline Prices to Fuel an America That Works Act of 2014 (H.R. 4899; 113th Congress), a bill to revise existing laws regarding the development of oil and gas resources on the Outer Continental Shelf.[34] The bill is intended to increase domestic energy production and lower gas prices.[35][36] He argued that the bill "would allow us to take advantage of our natural resources and expands our energy manufacturing and construction industries."[37]

Committee assignments (113th Congress)

Caucuses

While in the House of Representatives, Cassidy was a member of many congressional caucuses,[39] including the House Tea Party Caucus and Republican Study Committee.

U.S. Senate
Bill Cassidy at Hudson Institute, May 2015

2014 U.S. Senate election
Main article: 2014 United States Senate election in Louisiana

Cassidy ran for the U.S. Senate in the 2014 election, in which he was endorsed by Republican Senator David Vitter. He defeated three-term incumbent Democratic Senator Mary Landrieu in the run-off election held on Saturday, December 6, 2014, receiving 56% of the vote to Landrieu's 44%. It was the first Republican victory for the seat since William P. Kellogg in 1883.[40][41]

Tenure
Main article: Jimmy Kimmel test

On May 8, 2017, Cassidy appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live! to discuss health care in the United States.[42] He said that any legislation that he would support must meet the "Jimmy Kimmel test", namely: "Would a child born with congenital heart disease be able to get everything he or she would need in that first year of life?"[43] Kimmel had earlier chastised Republicans for voting to repeal the Affordable Care Act and replace it with legislation that would not ensure protection for children such as his newborn, who was born with a heart defect that required immediate surgery.[43]

In September 2017, Cassidy and Lindsey Graham introduced legislation to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act. The "Graham-Cassidy" bill would eliminate the ACA's marketplace subsidies, repeal the ACA's Medicaid expansion, and introduce a temporary block grant that would expire in 2026.[44] The legislation would also impose a per-enrollee cap on Medicaid funding.[44] The Kaiser Family Foundation noted that the legislation "would fundamentally alter the current federal approach to financing health coverage for more than 80 million people who have coverage through the ACA (Medicaid expansion or marketplace) or through the traditional Medicaid program."[44] An analysis by the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities found that the legislation "would cut federal health care funding by $299 billion relative to current law" in the year 2027 alone and estimated that it would leave 32 million more Americans without health insurance.[45] President Donald Trump endorsed the bill.[46] The bill does not meet the "Jimmy Kimmel test", as it would allow states to eliminate requirements to cover children with conditions like that of Kimmel's child.[43] Kimmel condemned Cassidy, calling him a liar,[43] listed the health organizations that opposed Graham-Cassidy, and urged his viewers to contact their Congressional representatives about the legislation.[43] Cassidy responded to Kimmel, saying that Kimmel "doesn't understand" the legislation.[47] Cassidy also said that under Graham-Cassidy, "more people will have coverage" than under the Affordable Care Act. According to the Washington Post fact checker, Cassidy "provided little evidence to support his claim of more coverage... the consensus [among health care analysts] is that his funding formula makes his claim all but impossible to achieve."[47]

Committee assignments

Caucuses

Political positions

Agriculture

In July 2019 Cassidy was one of eight senators to introduce the Agricultural Trucking Relief Act, a bill that would alter the definition of an agricultural commodity to include both horticultural and aquacultural products and promote greater consistency in regulation by federal and state agencies as part of an attempt to ease regulatory burdens on trucking and the agri-community.[48]

Defense

In July 2019 Cassidy was one of 16 Republican senators to send Acting Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Director Russell Vought, Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney, and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin a letter encouraging them to work with them to prevent a continuing resolution "for FY 2020 that would delay the implementation of the President’s National Defense Strategy (NDS) and increase costs" and arguing that the yearlong continuing resolution administration officials favored would render the Defense Department "incapable of increasing readiness, recapitalizing our force, or rationalizing funding to align with the National Defense Strategy (NDS)."[49]

Gun law

Cassidy has an "A+" rating from the National Rifle Association (NRA) for his consistent support of pro-gun legislation. The NRA endorsed Cassidy in his 2014 Senate run[50] and has donated $2,861,047 to Cassidy's political efforts.[51]

Cassidy opposes gun control on the grounds that it will not stop mass shootings or decrease gun crime.[52]

In January 2019 Cassidy was one of 31 Republican senators to cosponsor the Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act, a bill introduced by John Cornyn and Ted Cruz that would grant individuals with concealed carry privileges in their home state the right to exercise this right in any other state with concealed carry laws while concurrently abiding by that state’s laws.[53]

Taxes

In 2019, along with Democrats Amy Klobuchar and Doug Jones and Republican Pat Toomey, Cassidy was a lead sponsor of the Gold Star Family Tax Relief Act, a bill that would undo a provision in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that raised the tax on the benefit children receive from a parent's Department of Defense survivor benefits plan to 37% from an average of 12% to 15% before the 2017 law. The bill passed in the Senate in May 2019.[54]

On July 30, 2019, Cassidy and Senator Kyrsten Sinema released a proposal under which new parents would be authorized to advance their child tax credit benefits in order to receive a $5,000 cash benefit upon either birth or adoption of a child. The parents' child tax credit would then be reduced by $500 for each year of the following decade. The senators described their proposal as the first bipartisan paid parental leave plan.[55]

Electoral history
See also: 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana § District 6, and 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana § District 6

    United States Senate, Louisiana (2014)

    Runoff election, December 6, 2014

    Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
    Bill Cassidy Republican 712,330 (55.94%) Elected
    Mary Landrieu Democratic 561,099 (44.06%) Defeated

    General election, November 4, 2014

    Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
    Mary Landrieu Democratic 619,402 (42.08%) Runoff
    Bill Cassidy Republican 603,048 (40.97%) Runoff
    Rob Maness Republican 202,556 (13.67%) Defeated
    Thomas Clements Republican 14,173 (0.96%) Defeated
    Brannon McMorris Independent 13,034 (0.89%) Defeated
    Wayne Ables Democratic 11,323 (0.77%) Defeated
    William Waymire Democratic 4,673 (0.32%) Defeated
    Vallian Senegal Democratic 3,835 (0.26%) Defeated

    United States House of Representatives, 6th District of Louisiana (2012)

    General election, November 6, 2012

    Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
    "Bill" Cassidy Republican 243,553 (79.41%) Elected
    Rufus Holt Craig, Jr. Libertarian 32,185 (10.49%) Defeated
    Richard Torregano Independent 30,975 (10.10%) Defeated

    United States House of Representatives, 6th District of Louisiana (2010)

    General election, November 2, 2010

    Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
    "Bill" Cassidy Republican 138,607 (66%) Elected
    Merritt E. McDonald, Sr. Democratic 72,577 (34%) Defeated

    United States House of Representatives, 6th District of Louisiana (2008)

    General election, November 4, 2008

    Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
    "Bill" Cassidy Republican 150,332 (48%) Elected
    "Don" Cazayoux Democratic 125,886 (40%) Defeated
    Michael Jackson No Party 36,198 (12%) Defeated

    Louisiana State Senate, District 16 (2007)

    Threshold: 50%

    First ballot, October 20, 2007

    Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
    "Bill" Cassidy Republican 33,463 (76%) Elected
    Troy "Rocco" Moreau Republican 6,781 (15%) Defeated
    Richard Fontanesi Libertarian 3,995 (9%) Defeated

    Louisiana State Senate, District 16 (2006)

    Threshold: 50%

    First ballot, December 9, 2006

    Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
    "Bill" Cassidy Republican 8,394 (58%) Elected
    William Daniel Republican 5,472 (38%) Defeated
    S.B.A. Zaitoon Libertarian 592 (4%) Defeated
    gollark: https://ubq323.website/scores.cgi?act=submit&name=beware%20apioforms&score=999
    gollark: They are meant to be idempotent so clients may arbitrarily fetch them for e.g. previews for embeds.
    gollark: Yes. This is why we must overthrow Discord and implement communism. Within Discord, nowhere else.
    gollark: Actually they would totally do that if possible.
    gollark: I suppose it might be valid ish in this case. Perhaps Discord was secretly nudging you to buy a year and not a month to achieve this kind or effect.

    See also

    References
    1. "Dr. William M. Cassidy, Gastroenterologist in Baton Rouge, LA". US News.
    2. "bill cassidy". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
    3. "CASSIDY, Bill profile at". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
    4. Murphy, Paul (December 5, 2014). "Bill Cassidy's employment at LSU scrutinized". WWL. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
    5. M.D, Bill Cassidy (September 29, 2017). "Today, my wife & I celebrate our 28th wedding anniversary. She's my best friend & most trusted advisor. I am blessed to share life with her.pic.twitter.com/zTNQj73Zcv". @billcassidy. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
    6. Bill Cassidy wants to be the doctor he believes the U.S. Senate needs
    7. James F. Cassidy obituary, Baton Rouge Morning Advocate, February 24, 2009.
    8. O'Donoghue, Julia (January 22, 2015). "Bill Cassidy's most trusted political adviser is his wife, Laura". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
    9. Anderson, Laurie Smith. "Program offers health care for adults without insurance." Baton Rouge Morning Advocate, May 24, 2002, Metro Edition, p. 1C.
    10. "Congressman Cassidy Celebrates $500,000 Federal Grant With Ribbon Cutting at Westdale Middle School's Health Center". East Baton Rouge Parish School System. October 26, 2012. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
    11. "Viral Hepatitis – The Secret Epidemic". US Government Printing Office. June 17, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
    12. Ruggeri, Amanda (November 4, 2008). "Democratic Trends Don't Help Incumbent in Unusual Three-Way House Race in Louisiana". US News & World Report. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
    13. Ginger Gibson (November 3, 2013). "Bill Cassidy tries to unite Louisiana conservatives". Retrieved January 5, 2015.
    14. Ginger Gibson. "Cassidy once donated to his rival". Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
    15. Cameron Joseph (September 19, 2013). "Cassidy donated to Landrieu's first reelection". Retrieved May 31, 2014.
    16. "Louisiana". 2008 Election Results. New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
    17. "Louisiana 6th District Profile". Election 2010. New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
    18. Chatelain, Kim (November 6, 2012). "U.S. Rep. Bill Cassidy cruises to re-election". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
    19. "Earmarks should require an itemized receipt". Huffington Post. July 16, 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
    20. "H.R. 5519 (111th)". GovTrack.us. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
    21. Restuccia, Andrew (August 19, 2010). "In Louisiana, Candidates Fight For – And Over – Oil Jobs". The Washington Independent. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
    22. Blum, Jordan (August 23, 2013). "Congressmen spar over BP money". The Advocate. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
    23. "To extend Bush tax cuts". The U.S. Congress Votes Database. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
    24. "Balanced Budget Amendment". The U.S. Congress Votes Database. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
    25. "CBO – 1582". United States Congres. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
    26. Kasperowicz, Pete (July 24, 2013). "Energy bills advance with House vote". The Hill. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
    27. Gross, Charles (June 19, 2013). "Senators Carper, Murkowski, Representatives Cassidy, Kind Introduce Bill to Help Reduce Obesity". Benzinga. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
    28. "Abortion becomes issue in Louisiana Senate race". POLITICO. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
    29. Rep. Mark Takano Corrects Republican Letter, Proves He Will Always Be A Teacher, By Rebecca Klein, Huffington Post, 07/12/2013
    30. Alpert, Bruce (March 12, 2014). "Will flood insurance bill get a vote this week?". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
    31. Blum, Jordan (May 17, 2013). "Cassidy blasts Obamacare". The Advocate. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
    32. Marcos, Cristina (September 11, 2014). "House ok's Cassidy's 'keep your plan' bill". The Hill.
    33. Ornstein, Charles (March 22, 2017). "We Fact-Checked Lawmakers' Letters to Constituents on Health Care". ProPublica. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
    34. "CBO – H.R. 4899" (PDF). Congressional Budget Office. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
    35. Marcos, Cristina (June 26, 2014). "House passes bill to increase offshore energy projects". The Hill. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
    36. Graeber, Daniel J. (June 27, 2014). "House measure on gas aimed at lower prices". UPI. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
    37. Alpert, Bruce (June 26, 2014). "House passes bill to expand production and drop cap on sharing". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
    38. "Committee Assignments | Congressman Bill Cassidy". Cassidy.house.gov. Archived from the original on August 15, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
    39. "Caucus Memberships | Congressman Bill Cassidy". Cassidy.house.gov. Archived from the original on August 15, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
    40. Deslatte, Melinda (August 24, 2013). "Bill Cassidy's ability to oust Mary Landrieu questioned". Shreveport Times. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
    41. Philip Bump (December 7, 2014). "Mary Landrieu's seat will be held by a Republican for the first time in 132 years". Washington Post.
    42. Jimmy Kimmel on Response to Emotional Monologue About Baby & Health Care Debate on YouTube
    43. "Jimmy Kimmel gets heated about health-care bill, says Sen. Bill Cassidy 'lied right to my face'". Washington Post. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
    44. Rachel Garfield, Larry Levit, Robin Rudowitz & Gary Claxton, State-by-State Estimates of Changes in Federal Spending on Health Care Under the Graham-Cassidy Bill, Kaiser Family Foundation (September 21, 2017).
    45. Edwin Parks & Matt Broaddus, Cassidy-Graham Plan's Damaging Cuts to Health Care Funding Would Grow Dramatically in 2027, Center for Budget and Policy Priorities (revised September 20, 2017).
    46. Lauren Fox, The one major reason Graham-Cassidy could pass, CNN (September 21, 2017).
    47. Kessler, Glenn (September 21, 2017). "Analysis | Sen. Cassidy's rebuttal to Jimmy Kimmel: 'More people will have coverage'". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
    48. Galford, Chris (July 2, 2019). "Bipartisan Senate effort seeks to ease regulation of agricultural trucking". transportationtodaynews.com.
    49. "Marsha Blackburn, David Perdue, Colleagues Encourage Trump Administration to Avoid Another Continuing Resolution". clarksvilleonline.com. July 6, 2019.
    50. "NRA Endorses Bill Cassidy for U.S. Senate in Louisiana". NRA-PVF. National Rifle Association. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
    51. Leonhardt, David; Philbrick, Ian Prasad; Thompson, Stuart A. (October 4, 2017). "The Congress Members Receiving the Most N.R.A. Funding". The New York Times. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
    52. Whitesides, John (2017). "Justice Kennedy on hot seat in major voting rights case". Reuters. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
    53. "Sens. Cruz, Cornyn file Concealed-Carry Reciprocity Bill". kcbd.com. January 10, 2019.
    54. "Klobuchar bill protecting Gold Star families from Trump tax hike passes Senate". Brainerd Dispatch. May 23, 2019.
    55. Jagoda, Naomi (July 30, 2019). "Senators offer bipartisan proposal allowing new parents to advance tax credits". The Hill.
    Louisiana State Senate
    Preceded by
    Jay Dardenne    		 Member of the Louisiana Senate
    from the 16th district
    2006–2009    		 Succeeded by
    Dan Claitor
    U.S. House of Representatives
    Preceded by
    Don Cazayoux    		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
    from Louisiana's 6th congressional district
    2009–2015    		 Succeeded by
    Garret Graves
    Party political offices
    Preceded by
    John Neely Kennedy    		 Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Louisiana
    (Class 2)
    2014    		 Most recent
    U.S. Senate
    Preceded by
    Mary Landrieu    		 U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Louisiana
    2015–present
    Served alongside: David Vitter, John Neely Kennedy    		 Incumbent
    U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
    Preceded by
    Gary Peters    		 United States Senators by seniority
    71st    		 Succeeded by
    Cory Gardner
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