Bob Livingston

Robert Linlithgow Livingston Jr. (born April 30, 1943) is an American lobbyist and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Louisiana from 1977 to 1999. A Republican, he was chosen as Newt Gingrich's successor as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, a position he declined following revelations of an extramarital affair. He served as a U.S. Representative from Louisiana from 1977 to 1999 and as the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee from 1995–1999. During his final years in congress, Livingston was a strong supporter of Bill Clinton's impeachment. He is currently a Washington, D.C.-based lobbyist. Livingston's memoir, The Windmill Chaser: Triumphs and Less in American Politics, was published in September 2018.[1][2]

This article is about the politician. For the Texas musician, see Bob Livingston (musician). For other people with the same name, see Robert Livingston (disambiguation).

Bob Livingston
Chair of the House Appropriations Committee
In office January 4, 1995 – January 3, 1999
Preceded by	Dave Obey
Succeeded by	Bill Young
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Louisiana's 1st district
In office August 27, 1977 – March 1, 1999
Preceded by	Richard Alvin Tonry
Succeeded by	David Vitter
Personal details
Born	Robert Linlithgow Livingston Jr. (1943-04-30) April 30, 1943 Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Bonnie Robichaux
Children	4
Education	Tulane University (BA, JD)
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Navy
Years of service	1961–1963 (Active) 1963–1967 (Reserve)

Family

Livingston was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He is a descendant of the Livingston family of New York, whose members include Philip, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence; Chancellor Robert R. Livingston, a co-author of the Declaration and author of the Louisiana Purchase; his younger brother, Edward, Aide de Camp and later Secretary of State to President Andrew Jackson, and who had earlier in his career held the same Congressional seat (La-1) as Bob Livingston.[3] Livingston is a direct descendant of Henry Livingston, who was probably the (then anonymous) author of the poem, The Night Before Christmas,and French Admiral François Joseph Paul de Grasse, who together with General George Washington cornered and defeated British General Cornwallis in the Siege of Yorktown, Virginia, thereby concluding the American Revolutionary War. De Grasse's daughter, Sylvie, married Henry Walter Livingston, ancestors of the Congressman.

Livingston was married in 1965 to the former Bonnie Robichaux (also born 1943), a native of Raceland in Lafourche Parish. Bonnie's grandfather, Alcide Robichaux, served in the Louisiana State Senate, and her uncle, Philip Robichaux, was Lafourche Parish coroner for decades. Livingston's father, a Roman Catholic, and his mother, an Episcopalian, were divorced when Livingston and his sister were quite young. Raised first as Roman Catholic and later as an Episcopalian, he returned to his wife's religion Roman Catholicism in later years. The Livingstons have three biological sons, Robert, Richard and David, and an adopted daughter, SuShan a/k/a Susie. They have nine (9) grandchildren. In July 2006, their son Richard was electrocuted by a live wire while trimming a tree damaged by Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans.[4]

Early career

As an undergraduate at Tulane University, he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Graduating from Tulane University Law School in 1968, Livingston joined the law practice of David C. Treen, who would become Louisiana's first Republican congressman and governor since Reconstruction. Treen had been an active Republican in the days when the party barely existed in Louisiana, and this connection allowed Livingston to make valuable contacts in GOP circles. He was a delegate to all Republican conventions between 1976 and 2000. Between 1970 and 1976, Livingston worked for U.S. Attorney for the Louisiana's Eastern District Gerald J. Gallinghouse, Orleans Parish District Attorney Harry Connick Sr., and Louisiana State Attorney General, William J. "Billy" Guste Jr.

Career in Congress

Official Congressional portrait of Bob Livingston.

Livingston resigned his position as head of the state attorney general's organized crime unit in 1976 when he won the Republican nomination for Louisiana's 1st Congressional District, encompassing roughly half of New Orleans and many of its surrounding suburbs. The seat, which had been trending Republican for some time at the national level, had opened up when 36-year incumbent Democrat and former House Armed Services Committee chairman F. Edward Hébert retired. Livingston narrowly lost to one-term state legislator Richard Tonry of Chalmette in St. Bernard Parish. Livingston was denied victory when a third-party candidate, former Sixth District Congressman John Rarick, formerly of St. Francisville in West Feliciana Parish, filed as an independent in the last days of the race. Rarick, who had been one of the most conservative Democrats in Congress during his tenure, siphoned off roughly 9% of the votes cast, enabling Tonry to win with a plurality.

Allegations, however, surfaced of "tombstone" votes for Tonry in both the primary and general election. Tonry was forced to resign in May 1977 and run again in the special election for his seat. However, he lost the Democratic nomination in August to State Representative Ron Faucheux. While Faucheux may have been hindered by a split in the Democratic vote due to Sanford Krasnoff, who ran as an Independent challenger from the left, Livingston won the seat with a majority, 51%, of the votes cast (56,121 votes to Faucheux's 40,862, and Krasnoff's 12,665), becoming the first Republican to represent a significant portion of New Orleans in Congress since Reconstruction.[5][6] Faucheux later lost an attempt to unseat New Orleans Mayor Dutch Morial in 1982, and was named Secretary of Commerce by Governor Edwin Washington Edwards in 1984.

Livingston was aided by a cadre of dedicated Republican volunteers, including the newly installed National Committeewoman Virginia Martinez of Kenner.[7] In 1978, Livingston won a full term with 86 percent of the vote. He was reelected eleven times, dropping below 80 percent of the vote only once, in 1992. He was completely unopposed in 1986, 1996 and 1998. His district became even more Republican after the 1980 census, when most of the district's share of New Orleans was shifted to the 2nd District. It was replaced with some heavily Republican territory in Jefferson Parish. After the 1990 census, Livingston's district gained conservative Washington and Tangipahoa parishes from the 6th district while relinquishing equally conservative Saint Bernard and Plaquemines to the 3rd district.

Although well known in Louisiana, Livingston was a relatively low-key congressman for his first eighteen years in Washington. However, early in his career, he landed a spot on the powerful Appropriations Committee. This, together with his conservative stances on most issues, made him popular with his constituents, most of whom had never been previously represented by a Republican.

Chairman, House Appropriations Committee

Livingston first came to national attention in 1995, when he was named chairman of the Appropriations Committee after the Republican takeover of the House. This instantly made him one of the most powerful members of Congress. During one committee session, he brandished an alligator skinning knife, a Bowie knife, and a machete to demonstrate his seriousness as a budget-cutter.

During the Monica Lewinsky scandals, Livingston was one of many Republicans who demanded President Bill Clinton's resignation, and later impeachment, for perjury. After Newt Gingrich resigned as Speaker in part because of Republican losses in the 1998 elections, majority leader Dick Armey and majority whip Tom DeLay had opted not to contest the Speaker's chair. Livingston subsequently announced that he was not only running for Speaker, but had lined up enough support to win. He was nominated as the Republican candidate for Speaker without opposition. As the GOP had retained a narrow majority in the House, this effectively made him Speaker-elect. Although the Speaker is formally elected by the entire House, in practice the majority party's candidate is all but assured of winning that vote.

Resignation

In 1998, Hustler Magazine publisher Larry Flynt offered up to one million dollars for anyone providing tips about unflattering sexual stories regarding members of congress or high government officials.[8] Livingston learned late on the night of December 15, 1998—just days before the full House of Representatives was about to begin debating the impeachment of President Clinton—that Flynt had been in contact with at least one woman with whom he had had an extramarital affair.[9] Two days later, December 17, 1998, in a closed-door evening conference of his House Republican colleagues, Livingston said, "I very much regret having to tell you that I've been Flynted!"[10] The same day, Flynt released a press release saying he was investigating tips about four alleged affairs Livingston had had.[8] Two days later, on December 19, 1998, during the final impeachment debates in the House of Representatives, Livingston challenged President Bill Clinton to resign—and then said "I can only challenge you in such fashion if I am willing to heed my own words," and announced that he would not be a candidate for the speakership and would vacate his House seat "approximately six months into the 106th Congress."[11][12][13][14] (Privately, Livingston told colleagues that had he sought the speakership, it would have been more difficult for the House Republicans to carry out their agenda.[15]) In a subsequent speech, hurriedly written after consultation with the White House, Minority Leader Dick Gephardt of Missouri praised Livingston and encouraged members to applaud him, which they did, giving the Louisianan standing ovations.[16]

Following Livingston's announcement of his resignation, House Republicans settled on Dennis Hastert to succeed Gingrich as Speaker of the House—a decision Livingston would later describe, in memoirs published in 2018, as "a disaster."[17] "Upon my departure, I had given [Hastert] a foot-thick binder filled with notes on what would help him become a good Speaker, and if he read any part of the thing, I'd be surprised."[17] Later on Dennis Hastert also faced accusations of sexual misconduct and was convicted for lying to the F.B.I. about it.

Livingston's last day in Congress was March 1, 1999.[18]

Gubernatorial race, 1987

In 1985, Livingston had called for the resignation of Governor Edwin Edwards, who faced indictment and trial on charges of racketeering and fraud. "He shouldn't continue to drag the image of our state down with his legal problems," Livingston said of Edwards.[19]

Then, in 1987, Livingston ran for governor himself, having declared, "You can lay our problems at the hands of politicians." He questioned the state's poor performance regarding school drop-outs, unemployment, and credit rating. He even noted that Louisiana had a high number of cancer patients, a factor often attributed to environmental hazards. Livingston continued:

I'm prepared to clean house. ... The rest of the nation has the impression that Louisiana doesn't want to work ... that Louisiana will tolerate corruption ... that Louisiana is not serious about improving its quality of life. ...[20]

Despite polls which had generally showed that Livingston would face the incumbent governor, Edwin Edwards, in a second round of balloting, Livingston finished third of nine candidates. Because of a last-week surge to his fellow U.S. representative, Buddy Roemer of Louisiana's 4th congressional district, Livingston fell ten points short of a runoff berth. Roemer was slated into a runoff election officially the Louisiana general election. Two other major candidates finished behind Livingston: then Democratic, later Republican, Representative Billy Tauzin of Louisiana's 3rd congressional district and outgoing Secretary of State James H. "Jim" Brown.

After the primary, Livingston quickly endorsed his House colleague Roemer, then a Democrat, but the runoff election was canceled because Edwards conceded the race to Roemer. It was said that Edwards had wanted to face Livingston in a general election, and had that scenario developed he would have remained around for the second balloting. Instead Edwards pulled out of the second round of balloting to prevent Roemer from consolidating majority support.

Despite his showing in the gubernatorial race, Livingston remained popular in his district and went on to win easy re-elections as he moved up the leadership ladder in the House.

Lobbyist

Since resigning from Congress, Livingston has worked as a lobbyist.[21]

Livingston Group

Soon after retiring from public life he founded The Livingston Group, a lobbying group in Washington, D.C. Some of their noted accomplishments include Congressional approval of a Morocco–United States Free Trade Agreement and Congressional normalization of relations between the US and Libya following the Libyan abdication of nuclear technology and settlement of claims by family members for people killed in Pan Am Flight 103 and other violent incidents in the 1980s.

Clients

The Livingston Group's clients have included Citigroup, the United States Chamber of Commerce, and Verizon Communications.[22] Another important client was the Republic of Turkey, on whose behalf the Group lobbied until March 2008. Critics contend that this lobbying was a form of genocide denial, as Turkey does not recognize the slaughter of up to 1.5 million Armenians as a genocide, and does not want the American Government to recognize these events as genocide either.[23][24]

The Livingston Group has also represented the government of Egypt until March 2012. Acting as lobbyist for Egypt Livingston "helped stall a Senate bill that called on Egypt to curtail human rights abuses" in 2010.[25] His stated role is to enhance relations between the United States and the Republic of Egypt, which he perceives as critical to a resolution of tension in the Middle East.

Trump–Ukraine scandal

Main article: Trump–Ukraine scandal

Main article: Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump

Livingston emerged as a "behind-the-scenes player" in the impeachment inquiry against President Trump, apparently having urged a Trump administration official to oust the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine.[26] On October 30, 2019, U.S. State Department employee Catherine Croft noted in her opening statement to the congressional committees conducting the impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump:

During my time at the NSC, I received multiple calls from lobbyist Robert Livingston, who told me that Ambassador Yovanovitch should be fired. He characterized Ambassador Yovanovitch as an "Obama holdover" and associated with George Soros. It was not clear to me at that time-or now-at whose direction or at what expense Mr. Livingston was seeking the removal of Ambassador Yovanovitch.[27]

Other work

Livingston reported by Bloomberg Politics in March 2016 as supporting Donald Trump, comparing him to Ronald Reagan.[28]

In 2003, Livingston was inducted into the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in Winnfield.

Livingston testified in the 2009 trial of Mose Jefferson, who was convicted on four counts related to bribery. In response to a comparison made by James Gill[29] between Livingston and former U.S. representative William J. Jefferson (convicted of 11 felonies), Livingston defended the Livingston Group as having no relation to Jefferson's activities, but rather to the extent that they may have represented the same client, performed their own services in an entirely legal manner.[30][31][32]

From 2011 to 2014, Livingston became Treasurer of the Louisiana Republican Party.[33] Livingston said taking the fundraising assignment for the Louisiana GOP would not in any way undermine the work of The Livingston Group.[33]

Livingston is also a member of the board of the International Foundation for Electoral Systems, a non-profit involved in international elections,[34] and he is a Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

See also

• List of federal political sex scandals in the United States

References

1. The Windmill Chaser : Triumph and Less in American Politics. Lafayette: University of Louisiana at Lafayette Press. 2018. ISBN 978-1946160270.
2. Washington, William Neikirk and Mike Dorning, Washington Bureau. Tribune special correspondent Vanessa Blum contributed to this report from. "SPEAKER-ELECT ADMITS ILLICIT SEXUAL AFFAIRS". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2009-01-15.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
4. Times-Picayune, Bruce Alpert, NOLA com |. "Bob Livingston has no regrets 10 years after resigning from Congress". NOLA.com.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
5. Louisiana Almanac, 2006
6. "Louisiana District 1 Special Election, August 27, 1977". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
7. "M Obituaries Orleans Parish Louisiana". USGenWeb Archives. The USGenWeb Project. April 2005. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
8. Washington, William Neikirk and Mike Dorning, Washington Bureau. Tribune special correspondent Vanessa Blum contributed to this report from. "SPEAKER-ELECT ADMITS ILLICIT SEXUAL AFFAIRS". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2018-09-22.
9. 1943-, Livingston, Robert L. (2018). The windmill chaser : American politics : triumph & less. Lafayette, LA. p. 248. ISBN 9781946160270. OCLC 1041205687.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
10. 1943-, Livingston, Robert L. (2018). The windmill chaser : American politics : triumph & less. Lafayette, LA. p. 254. ISBN 9781946160270. OCLC 1041205687.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
11. Mitchell, Alison (December 20, 1999). "IMPEACHMENT: THE OVERVIEW – CLINTON IMPEACHED; HE FACES A SENATE TRIAL, 2D IN HISTORY; VOWS TO DO JOB TILL TERM'S 'LAST HOUR'". The New York Times.
12. Kurtz, Howard (December 19, 1998). "Larry Flynt, Investigative Pornographer". The Washington Post.
13. 1943-, Livingston, Robert L. (2018). The windmill chaser : American politics : triumph & less. Lafayette, LA. pp. 259, 293. ISBN 9781946160270. OCLC 1041205687.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
14. "Rep. Livingston Resignation". C-SPAN.org. Retrieved 2018-09-22.
15. 1943-, Livingston, Robert L. (2018). The windmill chaser : American politics : triumph & less. Lafayette, LA. pp. 258–9. ISBN 9781946160270. OCLC 1041205687.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
16. "The History Place - Great Speeches Collection: Richard Gephardt speech Life Imitates Farce". www.historyplace.com.
17. 1943-, Livingston, Robert L. (2018). The windmill chaser : American politics : triumph & less. Lafayette, LA. p. 267. ISBN 9781946160270. OCLC 1041205687.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
18. "LIVINGSTON, Robert Linlithgow, Jr. - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved 2018-09-22.
19. "Edwards facing 265 years in prison?". Minden Press-Herald. March 1, 1985. p. 1.
20. Miller, Marilyn (August 21, 1987). "Bob Livingston: 'You Can Lay Our Problems at the Hands of Politicians'". Minden Press-Herald. p. 1.
21. Broach, Drew (2018-07-19). "Bob Livingston, former Louisiana congressman, to publish political memoir". nola.com. Retrieved 2019-02-27.
22. Carney, Timothy (March 28, 2016). "Earmark lobbyist Bob Livingston endorses Donald Trump". Washington Examiner.
23. Crowley, Michael (January 23, 2007). "Final Resolution". The New Republic.
24. "ANCA Video Sets Record Straight On Bob Livingston's Genocide Denial" (Press release). Armenian National Committee of America. July 18, 2007.
25. Lichtblau, Eric (March 1, 2011). "Arab Uprisings Put U.S. Lobbyists in Uneasy Spot". The New York Times.
26. DeBonis, Mike; Narayanswamy, Anu (October 30, 2019). "Ex-Rep. Livingston, player in Clinton impeachment, emerges as character in inquiry of Trump". The Washington Post.
27. "Ukraine Specialist Catherine Croft's Written Testimony In Impeachment Inquiry". NPR. October 30, 2019.
28. Rosenkrantz, Holly; Bender, Michael C. (March 21, 2016). "Former Rep. Livingston Supporting Trump, Compares Him to Reagan". Bloomberg Politics. Archived from the original on March 29, 2016.
29. Sisco, Annette (August 20, 2009). "Former congressman Bob Livingston explains influence-peddling, the legal way". Metro Edition. The Times-Picayune. p. B5. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013.
30. Livingston, Bob (August 23, 2009). "Proud of career post-Congress, Livingston says". Metro Edition. The Times-Picayune. p. B4. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018.
31. Ryan, John (August 26, 2009). "I CAN cash in on schools". Saint Tammany Edition. The Times-Picayune. p. B4. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
32. Lee, John V. (August 29, 2009). "Algebra program is cost-effective, and it works". Saint Tammany Edition. The Times-Picayune. p. B4.
33. Carney, Timothy (March 10, 2011). "Government Corruption Update: McCaskill's self-dealing; N.Y. lawmaker buster; Jindal's lobbyist fundraiser". Washington Examiner.
34. "Board". IFES. 2009. Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved October 16, 2009.

Further reading

• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Retrieved on June 17, 2010
• A Livingston Legacy Revised

External links

• New York Times Article
• Appearances on C-SPAN

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Rick Tonry	Member of the House of Representatives from Louisiana's 1st congressional district 1977–1999	Succeeded by David Vitter
Preceded by Dave Obey	Chair of the House Appropriations Committee 1995–1999	Succeeded by Bill Young
Party political offices
Preceded by Dave Treen	Republican nominee for Governor of Louisiana 1987	Succeeded by David Duke