Asfaltovenator

Asfaltovenator (meaning "Cañadón Asfalto Formation hunter" after the fossil formation in which its fossils were found) is a genus of basal tetanuran, possibly allosauroid dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation from Chubut Province, Argentina. The type and only species is Asfaltovenator vialidadi.

Asfaltovenator
Temporal range: Toarcian to Bajocian 174.1–168.3 Ma
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Superfamily: †Allosauroidea
Genus: †Asfaltovenator
Rauhut & Pol, 2019
Type species
†Asfaltovenator vialidadi
Rauhut & Pol, 2019

Discovery
Skull of Asfaltovenator

In 2002, technician Leandro Canesa, roughly a mile north of Cerro Condor, discovered a theropod skeleton. Excavations started in 2005. In 2007, the fossil was in its entirety removed as an enormous stone block, covered by plaster of Paris. It was then prepared by Mariano Caffa, a process that took five years due to the extreme hardness of the stone matrix. Between 2013 and 2015, it was compared with the specimens of related theropods, researchers personally investigating their exemplars in collections all over the world.[1][2]

In 2019, the type species Asfaltovenator vialidadi was named and described by Oliver Walter Mischa Rauhut and Diego Pol. The generic name combines a reference to the Cañadón Asfalto with a Latin venator, "hunter". The specific name honours the Dirección Nacional de Vialidad, for assisting the Museo Paleontológico "Egidio Feruglio" in recovering the fossil.[1]

Asfaltovenator is only known from the holotype specimen MPEF PV 3440, which was found in a layer of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation which dates from the late Toarcian to the Bajocian. It consists of a partial skeleton with skull. It contains the largely complete skull with lower jaws and the front half of the skeleton forward of the hips, including ten neck vertebrae, thirteen back vertebrae and the first sacral vertebra, the complete shoulder girdle minus the furcula and both forelimbs; and also the distal portion of the pubic bones as well as a partial right hindlimb consisting of the distal portion of the femur and proximal portions of the tibia and fibula, and a partial foot.[1]

Description
Size comparison
Restoration of the head

Asfaltovenator was a fairly large animal, with the holotype skull being seventy-five to eighty centimetres in length and the total body length being estimated at seven to eight metres.[1]

The describers indicated a number of distinguishing traits. Some of these are autapomorphies, unique derived characters. The premaxillary teeth have large serrations on the rear edge but only minute serrations on the front edge. The exoccipital bone of the rear skull shows distinctive horizontal ridges between the paraoccipital process and the foramen magnum. On the third and fourth neck vertebrae, the neural spines are triangular and swept backwards. The eleventh and twelfth back vertebrae possess an additional forward ridge on the underside of the diapophysis, the process for the articulation facet of the top rib head.[1]

Classification

Due to its mosaic of primitive and derived characters within Tetanurae, Asfaltovenator's inclusion in the phylogenetic analysis disrupted current views of tetanuran phylogeny, with the analysis recovering Asfaltovenator as a basal allosauroid, above the Piatnitzkysauridae, and traditional Megalosauroidea as a paraphyletic grade leading to Allosauroidea.[1] The unique combination of characteristics seen in Asfaltovenator may also indicate megalosauroids and allosauroids shared a common ancestor not shared with the tetanuran group of Coelurosauria.

Carnosauria
 

Spinosauridae

 
 
 

Megalosauridae

 
Allosauroidea
 

Piatnitzkysauridae

 
 
 
 

Asfaltovenator vialidadi

 
 
 

Metriacanthosauridae

 
 
Allosauria
 

Allosauridae

 
 
Carcharodontosauria
 

Neovenatoridae

 
 

Carcharodontosauridae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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References
  1. Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Pol, Diego (2019-12-11). "Probable basal allosauroid from the early Middle Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Argentina highlights phylogenetic uncertainty in tetanuran theropod dinosaurs". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 18826. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53672-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6906444. PMID 31827108.
  2. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/ciencia/asfaltovenator-vialidadi-hallan-patagonia-uno-mas-antiguos-nid2314701
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