Indore

Indore /ɪnˈdɔːr/ (listen) is the most populous and the largest city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.[10] It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and has campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management.[11] Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level[12], it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal. Indore had a census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 (municipal corporation)[13] and 2,170,295 (urban agglomeration).[5] The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province. It comes under Tier 2 cities in India.

This article is about the city. For other uses, see Indore (disambiguation).

Indore
Metropolis
Clockwise from top: skyline of Mangal City area (Vijay Nagar), Rajwada Palace, Daly College, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Regional Park aerial view, Patalpani Waterfalls
Indore
Location of Indore in Madhya Pradesh
Indore
Indore (India)
Coordinates: 22°43′0″N 75°50′50″E
Country India
StateMadhya Pradesh
RegionMalwa
DistrictIndore
Ward85 wards[1]
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyIndore Municipal Corporation
 • MayorMalini Gaur (BJP)
 • District CollectorManish Singh (IAS))[2]
 • Municipal CommissionerPratibha Pal (IAS)[3]
 • Member of ParliamentShankar Lalwani
Area
 • Metropolis530 km2 (200 sq mi)
 • Metro
530 km2 (200 sq mi)
Area rank14
Elevation
550 m (1,800 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Metropolis1,994,397
 • Rank17th
 • Density3,800/km2 (9,700/sq mi)
 • Metro2,170,295
 • Metro rank
15th
Demonym(s)Indori, Indorian
Time zoneIST
PIN
4520XX
Telephone code0731
Vehicle registrationMP-09
Official languageHindi[7]
Literacy Rate80.63%[8]
HDIHigh[9]
Sex ratioFemale 927
Male 1000[1]
ClimateCwa / Aw (Köppen)
Precipitation945 mm (37.2 in)
Avg. annual temperature24.0 °C (75.2 °F)
Avg. summer temperature31 °C (88 °F)
Avg. winter temperature17 °C (63 °F)
Websiteindore.nic.in www.imcindore.org

Indore traces its roots to its 16th century founding as a trading hub between the Deccan and Delhi. The city and its surroundings came under Hindu Maratha Empire on 18 May 1724 after Peshwa Baji Rao I assumed the full control of Malwa. During the days of the British Raj, Indore State was a 19 Gun Salute (21 locally) princely state (a rare high rank) ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty, until they acceded to the Union of India.[14] Indore served as the capital of the Madhya Bharat from 1950 until 1956.

Indore's financial district, based in central Indore, functions as the financial capital of Madhya Pradesh and is home to the Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange.

Indore has been selected as one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission.[15] It also qualified the first round of Smart Cities Mission and was selected as one of the first twenty cities to be developed as Smart Cities.[16] Indore has been part of Swachh Survekshan since its inception and had ranked 25th in 2016.[17] It has been ranked as India's cleanest city four years in a row as per the Swachh Survekshan for the years 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020.[18][19][20][21]

Etymology

The city is named after its Indreshwar Mahadev Temple, where Indra is the presiding deity.[22] It is believed that Indra himself did Tapasya (meditation) in this place and led sage Swami Indrapuri to establish the temple. Later, Tukoji Rao Holkar renovated the temple.[23]

History

Gupta empire inscription mentions Indore as city/town of Indrapura in Gupta Indore Copper plate inscription dated 146 Gupta era or 465 AD.[24]

Maratha Raj (Holkar Era)
Main article: Holkar

By 1720, the headquarters of the local pargana were transferred from Kampel, Madhya Pradesh to Indore, due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. On 18 May 1724, the Nizam accepted the rights of the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I to collect chauth (taxes) from the area. In 1733, the Peshwa assumed the full control of Malwa, and appointed his commander Malhar Rao Holkar as the Subhedar (Governor) of the province.[25] Nandlal Chaudhary accepted the suzerainty of the Marathas.

On 29 July 1732, Bajirao Peshwa-I granted Holkar State by merging 28 and one-half parganas to Malhar Rao Holkar, the founding ruler of Holkar dynasty. His daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital to Maheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military centre

British Occupation (Indore/Holkar State)
Main article: Indore State

In 1818, the Holkars were defeated by the British during the Third Anglo-Maratha War, in the Battle of Mahidpur by virtue of which the capital was again moved from Maheshwar to Indore. A residency with British resident was established at Indore, but Holkars continued to rule Indore State as a princely state mainly due to efforts of their Dewan Tatya Jog. During that time, Indore was established the headquarters of British Central Agency. Ujjain was originally the commercial centre of Malwa. But the British administrators such as John Malcolm decided to promote Indore as an alternative to Ujjain, because the merchants of Ujjain had supported anti-British elements.[26]

In 1906 electric supply was started in the city, fire brigade was established in 1909 and in 1918, first master-plan of city was made by noted architect and town planner, Patrick Geddes. During the period of Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II (1852–86) efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. With the introduction of Railways in 1875, the business in Indore flourished during the reigns of Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar, Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar.

Post-independence

After India's independence in 1947, Holkar State, along with a number of neighbouring princely states, acceded to Indian Union. In 1948, with the formation of Madhya Bharat, Indore became the summer capital of the state. On 1 November 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh, the state capital was shifted to Bhopal. Indore, a city today of nearly 4.5 million(2018) residents, has transformed from a traditional commercial urban centre into a modern dynamic commercial capital of the state.

Demographics

Indore is the most populous city in Madhya Pradesh. Indore is also the largest metropolitan city in Central India. According to the 2011 census of India, the population of Indore city (the area under the municipal corporation and outgrowths) is 1,994,397.[13] The population of the Indore metropolis (urban agglomeration that includes neighbour areas) is 2,170,295.[5] In 2011, the city had a population density of 25,170 people per square mile (9,718/km²), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities with over 100,000 population in the Madhya Pradesh. As per 2011 census, the city of Indore has an average literacy rate of 87.38%, higher than the national average of 74%. Male literacy was 91.84%, and female literacy was 82.55%[27] In Indore, 12.72% of the population is under 6 years of age (as per census 2011). The average annual growth rate of population is around 2.85% as per the statistics of census 2001. Religion-wise, according to the 2011 census reports, Hindus constitute the majority, 80.18% of Indore's total population, while Muslims are 14.09%, Jains 3.25%, and others 2.48%.

Hindi is the official language of the Indore city, and is spoken by majority of the population. A number of Hindi dialects such as Malawi, Nimadi and Bundeli are spoken in decent numbers. Other languages with substantial number of speakers include - Urdu, Sindhi, Gujarati and Punjabi.[28][29][30][31]

According to 2012 figures, around 6,000 Pakistani Hindu migrants live in the city (out of a total 10,000 in the state).[32] Majority of them are Sindhi People.

Government and politics
Sumitra Mahajan has been representing Indore in Lok Sabha in a non-stop consecutive run since 1989 defeating every opponent of Indian National Congress in past 25 years, making Indore a strong bastion of BJP in the central India.

The administration of Indore is formed of two tiers—a citywide, and a local tier.[33] Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Indore Development Authority (IDA). IDA works as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Indore Metropolitan Region (IMR) comprising Indore and its agglomeration covering an area of 398.72 km2 (153.95 sq mi). Primarily, IDA develops new residential areas. During the early stage of development of such areas, the IDA is responsible for developing basic infrastructure. Once a sizeable number of plots are sold, the area is formally transferred to the IMC, which is then responsible for the maintenance of the infrastructure in the area.[34]

The IDA consists of two appointed components; the collector of the district, who has executive powers, and the IDA Board which includes a chairman appointed by Government of Madhya Pradesh, Municipal Commissioner of Indore and five members form Town and Country Planning Department, Forest Department, Public Health Engineering, Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board[35] who scrutinise the collector's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The role of IDA is to implement the master plan for Indore prepared by the Town and Country Office, Bhopal.[36] The headquarters of the IDA is at Race Course Road, Indore.[37]

Indore City has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government. Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam. The IMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning and welfare services. The mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms. The Indore Municipal Corporation is a unicameral body consisting of 69 Council members whose districts are divided into 12 zones and these zones have been further divided into 69 wards defined by geographic population boundaries.[38]

The Indore Police, a division of the Madhya Pradesh Police, under direct control of Department of Home Affairs, Government of Madhya Pradesh is the law enforcement agency in Indore. Indore district is divided into 39 police stations and seven police outposts.[39]

Indore is also a seat for one of the two permanent benches of Madhya Pradesh High Court with Gwalior, the city, its agglomerates and other 12 districts of western Madhya Pradesh falls under the jurisdiction of Indore High Court.

In May 2019, Shankar Lalwani of Bharatiya Janata Party had been elected as the Member of Parliament from Indore.[40]

Economy
Main article: Economy of Indore
Manufacturing of corrugated paper

Indore is a commercial centre for goods and services. Indore had GDP of $14 billion as of 2011.[41] The city also hosts a Global Investors' Summit which attract investors from several countries.

Major industrial areas surrounding the city include Pithampur (phase I, II, III - alone host 1500 large, medium and small industrial set-ups[42]), Indore Special Economic Zone (around 3000 acres; 4.7 sq mi; 1214 ha[43]), Sanwer Industrial belt (1000 acres;1.6 sq mi; 405 ha[44]), LaxmiBai Nagar IA, Rau IA, Bhagirathpura IA, Kali Billod IA, Ranmal Billod IA, Shivaji nagar Bhindikho IA, Hatod IA,[44] IT Parks - Crystal IT Park (5.5 lakh square feet), IT Park Pardeshipura (1 lakh square feet[45]), Electronic Complex, individual SEZ such as TCS SEZ, Infosys SEZ, Impetus SEZ, Diamond Park, Gems and Jewellery Park, Food Park, Apparel Park, Namkeen Cluster and Pharma Cluster.

Pithampur is known as the Detroit of Madhya Pradesh.[46][47]

Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange (MPSE) originally set up in 1919 is the only exchange in Central India and the third oldest stock exchange in India is located in Indore. Now the National Stock Exchange (NSE) has established an Investor Service Center in the city.[48]

TCS has officially started its offshore development center in Indore with a total area of the campus expected to be around 1.5 million square feet.[49] Collabera has also announced plans to open campuses in Indore. Infosys is setting up a new development centre at Indore at an investment of Rs 100 crore in phase one at super corridor.[50] Infosys demanded an area of 130 acres (53 ha) to open its new facility in Indore which will employ about 13,000 people. The government of MP has also done the land allotment.[51] Impetus, headquartered in Los Gatos, California, USA with multiple offshore offices in Indore has started operations at its 25-acres procured land from SEZ.[52][53] Besides these, there are several small and medium size software development firms in Indore. Webgility, a San Francisco-based ecommerce company that has had a presence in Indore since 2007, opened a 16,000 square-foot campus at NRK Business Park in 2017.[54]

Culture

Food

Indore's culinary culture has a blend of Maharashtrian, Malwi, Rajasthani, and Gujarati influence.[55] The street food of the city is especially popular.[56] Two of the most noteworthy street food places in Indore are Chappan Dukan and Sarafa Bazaar.[57]

As part of the Smart City project, Chappan Dukan area has been developed as a smart food street. The cost of this project is Rs. 4 crores and has been implemented in 45 days period.[58]

Sarafa Bazaar is a night street food market which attracts large crowds from the city and tourists from various places.[59] It is the only street food market in India which is open till two in the morning.[57]

Indore is also notable for its wide variety of namkeen or savory items. India's only night street food market called Sarafa is located in Indore. It has many popular chains for namkeen stores across the city.[59]

Entertainment
Nicotine playing at 'Pedal To The Metal', TDS, Indore, in 2014

The Yeshwant Club (named after Late the Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore) and Sayaji Club/Hotel (named after Late the Maharaja Sayaji Rao III Gaekwad of Baroda) are big sponsors for art & music and invite talents from across world. The major art centres in Indore are the Devlalikar kala Vithika, Ravindra Natya Grah (RNG), Mai Mangeshkar Sabha Grah, Anand Mohan Mathur Sabhagrah, DAVV auditorium, and Brilliant Convention Centre.[60]

The city has a good rock/metal music culture which is growing. Nicotine, one of the city's earliest and most renowned bands, is widely known for being the pioneer of metal music in Central India.[61][62]

Early 2010's saw the rise of EDM music in many pubs and clubs in Indore.

Aakshank, a college fest organised by Institute of Engineering and Technology, DAVV, witnesses a crowd of more than ten thousand. Many popular singers and bands perform here.

Nicotine is a Metal-Heavy metal band from Indore, formed in December 2006.[63][64] It is known for being the 'Pioneers of Metal music in Central India'.[65][66][67][68][69]

Indore was going to host IIFA (International Indian Film Academy) Awards 2020 from 27 to 29 March at the Daly College.[70] This has been postponed due to concerns regarding spread of coronavirus.[71]

Climate

Indore lies on a borderline between a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa) and a tropical savanna climate (Aw). Because of its high elevation and inland location even during the hottest months the nights are relatively cool, which is known as Shab-e-Malwa.[72] Three distinct seasons are observed: summer, monsoon and winter. the coldest temperature was 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) in January 1936.[73]

Indore gets moderate rainfall of 700 to 800 millimetres (28 to 31 in) during July–September due to the southwest monsoon.

Climate data for Indore (1971–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.9
(93.0)		 37.9
(100.2)		 41.1
(106.0)		 44.6
(112.3)		 46.0
(114.8)		 45.8
(114.4)		 39.9
(103.8)		 35.8
(96.4)		 37.4
(99.3)		 37.8
(100.0)		 37.1
(98.8)		 32.9
(91.2)		 46.0
(114.8)
Average high °C (°F) 26.5
(79.7)		 28.8
(83.8)		 34.3
(93.7)		 38.7
(101.7)		 40.4
(104.7)		 36.2
(97.2)		 30.3
(86.5)		 28.2
(82.8)		 30.9
(87.6)		 32.4
(90.3)		 29.7
(85.5)		 26.9
(80.4)		 31.9
(89.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.2
(64.8)		 20.2
(68.4)		 25.3
(77.5)		 30.0
(86.0)		 32.4
(90.3)		 30.1
(86.2)		 26.5
(79.7)		 25.1
(77.2)		 26.0
(78.8)		 25.3
(77.5)		 21.8
(71.2)		 18.8
(65.8)		 25.0
(77.0)
Average low °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6)		 11.4
(52.5)		 16.2
(61.2)		 21.2
(70.2)		 24.4
(75.9)		 24.1
(75.4)		 22.6
(72.7)		 21.9
(71.4)		 21.1
(70.0)		 18.1
(64.6)		 12.2
(54.0)		 10.6
(51.1)		 17.9
(64.2)
Record low °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0)		 2.8
(37.0)		 5.0
(41.0)		 7.8
(46.0)		 16.7
(62.1)		 18.9
(66.0)		 18.9
(66.0)		 18.6
(65.5)		 9.0
(48.2)		 6.2
(43.2)		 5.6
(42.1)		 1.1
(34.0)		 1.1
(34.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 4
(0.2)		 3
(0.1)		 1
(0.0)		 3
(0.1)		 11
(0.4)		 136
(5.4)		 279
(11.0)		 360
(14.2)		 185
(7.3)		 52
(2.0)		 21
(0.8)		 7
(0.3)		 1,062
(41.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 1.8 8.6 15.9 18.3 8.6 3.1 1.4 0.6 60.5
Average relative humidity (%) 46 36 25 23 33 58 79 85 73 50 44 48 50
Mean monthly sunshine hours 289.0 275.6 287.6 305.9 326.9 208.6 104.1 79.9 180.6 270.8 274.0 281.3 2,884.3
Source 1: NOAA[74]
Source 2: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[75]

Transport

Air
Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport

Indore is served by Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, about 8 km from the city. It is the busiest airport in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh with 2,269,971 passengers and 10851 tons cargo for April 2017- March 2018. Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, Indore has been adjudged as the best airport in under 2 million annual passenger footfall category in Asia Pacific region in the Airports Council International (ACI)'s airport service quality (ASQ) rankings for the year 2017.[76]

Rail
The Indore Junction eastern entrance
The Indore Junction western entrance

The Indore Junction is an A-1 grade railway station with a revenue of more than Rs. 50 crore (500 million). The station comes under Ratlam Division of the Western Railways.

Electrification of the Indore–Dewas–Ujjain was completed in June 2012. Ratlam–Indore broad gauge conversion was completed in September 2014.[77] Indore–Mhow section was upgraded to broad gauge in 2016 and electrified in 2017.[78]

Aside from the main Indore Junction, the city of Indore has eight other railway stations:

Station name Station code Railway zone Total platforms
Lakshmibai Nagar LMNR Western Railway 3
Saify Nagar SFNR Western Railway 1
Lokmanya Nagar LMNR Western Railway 1
Rajendra Nagar RJNR Western Railway 2
Manglia Gaon MGG Western Railway 3
Rau RAU Western Railway 2
Dr. Ambedkar Nagar MHOW Western Railway 3
Patalpani MGG Western Railway 3

Road

Indore is connected to other parts of India through National and State highways.

The National Highways passing through the city are:

The highways which have ceased to exist because of renumbering[79] are:

The state highways passing through the city are:

Public transport
Main article: Indore City Bus
Indore BRTS

Indore's City Bus transport system runs through 277 km (172 mi) of road with a daily ridership of over 1.4 lakh.[80] Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd, a PPP scheme operates buses and radio taxis in the city. The buses designated as City Bus operate on 64 Routes[81] with a fleet of 361 buses, with 421 bus stops.[81] The buses are color-coded into three colors: Blue, Magenta and Orange according to their route.[82]

Indore BRTS (iBUS) – Indore BRTS is a bus rapid transit system with 53 air-conditioned[83] buses equipped with services like GPS and IVR which are used to track the position of the bus with information displayed on LED displays installed at the bus stops.

Indore Magic (Auto Rickshaw) – Indore Auto Rickshaw is a magic service for small distance travel. Daily approx. 5 lakh people travel within the city.

Indore Metro is a rapid transit system that is currently under construction in its first phase.[84]

Education
Main Building of The Daly College, founded in 1870, one of the oldest boarding schools in India

The Daly College, founded in 1870 by General Henry Daly, is one of the oldest co-educational boarding school in the world, which was established to educate the rulers of the Central Indian princely states of the 'Marathas' and Rajputs'.[85] The Holkar Science College, officially known as Government Model Autonomous Holkar Science College was established in 1891.[86]

Indore is the first city to have both IIT (Indian Institute of Technology Indore) and IIM (Indian Institute of Management Indore). Indore is a home to a range of colleges and schools. Indore has a large student population and is a big educational center in central India, it also is the education hub of central India.[87] Most primary and secondary schools in Indore are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE); however, quite a few numbers of schools are affiliated with ICSE board, NIOS board, CBSE board, and the state level M.P. Board as well.

Indian Institute of Technology Indore is one of the most prestigious institutions in the country. Started in 2009, IIT Indore has its 500-acre campus in Simrol (28 km from Indore City). IIT Indore has several disciplines including Civil Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy and Material Science.

IIT Indore ranked 15 under the engineering category in the National Institute Ranking Framework. IIT Indore's central library emphasises the use of Online Information Resources. The library provides its users access to nearly 3800 electronic journals as well as access to databases such as ACM Digital Library, IEEE XPlore Digital Library, Science Direct, MathSciNet, JSTOR, SciFinder, Taylor and Francis, WILEY, and Springer. The library also provides air-conditioned and Wi-Fi enabled reading halls.

Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, also known as DAVV (formerly known as University of Indore or Indore Vishvavidyalaya), is a university in Indore with several colleges operating under its aegis. It has two campuses within the city, one at Takshila Parisar (near Bhavarkuan Square) and another at Rabindra Nath Tagore Road, Indore. The university runs several departments including Institute of Management Studies, School of Computer Science & Information Technology(SCSIT), (IMS), School of Law (SoL), Institute of Engineering and Technology, DAVV (IET), Educational Multimedia Research Centre (EMRC), International Institute of Professional Studies (IIPS), School of Pharmacy, School of Energy & Environmental Studies - one of the primer schools for M. Tech. (Energy Management), School of Journalism and School of Futures Studies and Planning, which runs two M. Tech. Courses with specialisations in Technology Management & Systems Science & Engineering, MBA (Business Forecasting), and M. Sc. in Science & Technology Communication. The campus houses several other research and educational departments, hostels, playgrounds, and cafes.

The Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science (SGSITS), formerly Shri Govindram Seksaria Kala Bhavan, is a public engineering institution located in Indore. It was established in 1952 as a technical institute offering licentiate and diploma courses in engineering. New Delhi granted the status of an autonomous institution in 1989. In 2020, it became the first and only Madhya Pradesh government-funded engineering college in the state to have made its place among the top 250 in the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranking released by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.[88]

The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College (MGMMC) is another old institution and was formerly known as the King Edward Medical College.[89]

VIBGYOR Group of Schools has a branch in Vijay Nagar[90]

Health and medicine

Indore is home to 51 public health institutions and has a number of private hospitals. The healthcare facilities of Indore include MY Hospital, Bombay Hospital, SAIMS, Choithram Hospital, CHL Hospital, Medanta, Apollo, Vasan, Centre for Sight[91] and Navchetna Rehabilitation and Deaddiction Center.[92]

The National Family Health Survey of 2018 found Indore to be India's most vegetarian city, with 49% of residents eschewing meat products.[93]

Media

There are about 20 Hindi dailies, 7 English dailies, 26 weeklies and monthlies, four quarterlies, two bi-monthly magazine, one annual paper, and one monthly Hindi language educational tabloid named "Campus Diary" published from the city. India's only magazine on the pump industry, Pumps India, and valve magazine Valves India are published from here.[94]

Electronic media

The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government-owned FM channels being introduced. The FM radio channels that broadcast in the city include AIR Vividh Bharathi FM (101.6 MHz), Radio Mirchi FM (98.3 MHz), Big FM (92.7 MHz), Red FM (93.5 MHz), My FM (94.3 MHz) and AIR Gyan Vani FM (105.6 MHz). State-owned Doordarshan transmits two terrestrial television channels. Local broadcasting stations also exist.

Indore switched to complete digitalisation of cable TV in 2013 under second phase of digitalisation by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

Indore is covered by a network of optical fibre cables. There are three fixed telephone line operators in the city: BSNL, Reliance and Airtel. There are eight mobile phone companies in which GSM players include BSNL, Reliance, Vodafone, Idea, Airtel, Aircel, Tata DoCoMo, Videocon Mobile Service while CDMA services offered by BSNL, Virgin Mobile, Tata Indicom, and Reliance. Doordarshan Kendra Indore with studio and transmission started from July 2000.

Sports
Holkar Cricket Stadium, Indore

Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the city. Indore is also home to the Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association (MPCA), Madhya Pradesh Table Tennis Association (MPTTA) and the city has one international cricket ground, the Holkar Cricket Stadium. The first ODI cricket match in state was played in Indore at Nehru Stadium in 1983.[95]

Besides cricket, Indore is also a centre for many national and international championships. The city hosted the South Asian Billiard Championship and is a host to the three-day-long National Triathlon Championship, in which nearly 450 players and 250 sports officials belonging to 23 states take part in the action.[96]

Indore was included in holding two Guinness World Records for holding the largest tea party in the world and for making the largest burger in the world.[97]

Wi-fi

There are various companies providing paid and free Wi-fi services across the city. Reliance's Jionet[98] became operational in November 2013. It covers the whole city but a large number of Wi-fi towers are not working yet. It is a 4.5G high-speed Wi-fi service which was initially free for now but was to become chargeable in 2016. IM FREE WIFI provides free Wi-fi service using cloud-based technology in most parts of the city. It is the only company in India which uses this technology.[99] Indore is the second city in India to provide free Wi-fi across the city.[100] AICSTL provides a high-speed free Wi-fi service named 'Free As Air' across the Indore BRTS corridor. BSNL has also started free Wi-fi services in prominent locations.[101] Other then this there are many other service providers such as Airtel Broadband, Tikona Digital Network and Hathway Broadband.

Historical places

Kanch Mandir literally Temple of Glass, is a famous Jain temple in Indore, built by Sir Seth Hukumchand Jain. The construction began sometime around 1903.

Khajrana Ganesh Temple is a pilgrimage centre in Indore, dedicated to Lord Ganapati. Built during the reign of Holkar Dynasty.

  • Nahar Shah Wali Darghah

Nahar Shah Vali Dargah is the oldest dargah of Indore. It is situated in the Khajrana area a little distance away from Kalka Mata Temple.

Rajwada palace

Rajwada is a historical palace in Indore city. It was built by the Holkars of the Maratha Empire about two centuries ago. This seven-storied structure is located near the Chhatris.

The Yeshwant Club, established in 1934

The Yeshwant Club came into existence in 1934 at the behest of late the Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar of Indore. The club was established for their son, Yuvraj Yeshwant Rao Holkar. Spread over 14 acres it is a Maratha legacy of the Holkar rulers of Indore State. Initially, the club was opened for Maratha royalty, nobility, aristocracy and the officers (Natives and British) of the Holkar State. Later its doors were opened for the business elites. Post-Indian Independence, the admission criteria was revised according to the changing times. Maharani Usha Devi, the daughter of late Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore is the Chief Patron of the Club, the Honorary Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh being the President of the Club.[102][103][104][105]

Lalbagh Palace

Lal Bagh Palace is one the finest buildings built by the Holkar Dynasty between 1886 and 1921. The interior is beautified with striated Italian marble pillars, many chandeliers and classical columns, murals of Greek deities, a baroque-cum-rococo dining room, an English-library-style office with leather armchairs, a Renaissance sitting room and a Palladian queen's bedroom which was the fashion among many of the late Raj-era Indian nobility, accompanied by a billiards room. There is imitation of the Buckingham Palace gates creak at the entrance along with 28-hectare ground, where, near to the palace, stands the statue of Queen Victoria.[106][107]

In 1930 Maharajah Yashwant Rao Holkar II commissioned the construction of the Manik Bagh ("Jewel Garden") palace. The architect was Eckart Muthesius (1904-1989) from Germany. The maharaja was at a young age at that time, as was Muthesius who was just a couple of years older. The work outside and inside was done in a late art deco and the international style of modern architecture.[108]

Notable people
Main article: List of people from Indore
gollark: I can't find the switch.
gollark: Sorry, microphone is muted.
gollark: The server is up, probably.
gollark: <@!747067747569106974> Exist, or you will not have.
gollark: <@!332271551481118732> YOU should somehow engage with this.

See also

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Further reading
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