Sailana State

Sailana State was an 11 gun salute princely state in India, part of the Malwa Agency of Central India during the British Raj. The state enjoyed an estimated revenue of £40,360 in 1881.[1]

Sailana State
Princely State
1736–1948
Flag
Coat of arms
Area 
• 1881
769 km2 (297 sq mi)
Population 
• 1881
29,723
History 
• Established
1736
• accession to the Indian Union
1948
Succeeded by
India
(Princely State)
Jaswant Singh II, Raja of Sailana State (r.1895–1919)

History

Sailana State was founded by Raja Jai Singh, great-grandson of Maharaja Ratan Singh, founder of Ratlam State. In 1716 Jai singh took revenge against his uncle for the murder of his father, he killed him in a pitched battle at sagode and secured Ratlam for his elder brother. The two brothers then divided the state between themselves. Jai singh's capital was initially at Raoti. He built Sailana as his new capital in 1736. During this period the Maratha influence in central India had been growing and several states had been annexed or forced to pay heavy tributes to the Peshwa. However Jai singh had the wisdom to form alliances with the Maratha officials, he helped the Peshwa agent Ambaji Pant Trimbak Purandare to collect tribute in Malwa and used the situation to annex the surrounding lands.[2] He fought 22 battles in his lifetime,[3] establishing himself as an independent ruler.[4][5] Jai Singh was succeeded by a string of weak rulers. During Raja Mokham Singh's rule much of the territory of Sailana was annexed by Scindia and Holkar, the Raja's of Sailana were further forced to pay tribute to the Scindias of Gwalior.[6] Raja Lakshman Singh of Sailana tried to push the Scindia's out of his kingdom, in 1818 he refused to pay chauth which was regularly levied, the Scindias retaliated by sending an army under Bujang Rao, the Gwalior army which had European arms and was French trained lost its advantage on the hills en route to Sailana and was defeated by Lakshman Singh, the captured soldiers were allowed to leave but all of their guns and artillery were taken. In 1819, Bapu Rao Sindia was appointed to punish the raja of Sailana and enforce tribute upon him. Bapu Rao had previously been sent by the Scindia's to defeat and exact tributes from the Maharaja of Jaipur and the Maharana of Udaipur.[7] "in 1819, Bapoo Sindia, a commander in Sindia's service, was dispatched with a large irregular force, to exact payment of tribute from both states (Ratlam and Sailana). The Rajpoots flew to arms, but as all parties appealed to the British representative Sir John Malcolm, a settlement was made".[8] On 5 January 1819, John Malcolm mediated between Gwalior and Sailana upon which Raja Lakshman Singh accepted British protection and agreed to pay a fixed tribute of £4,200 to Gwalior until 1860,[9] in return for Daulat Rao Sindhia agreeing to refrain from any interference in Sailana. During British rule Sailana saw development under the capable rule of Raja Jashwant Singh II and then under his son Raja Dileep Singh, many reforms were introduced over the coming years, with particular attention being paid to education and the provision of vernacular educational facilities. By 1947, education and medical aid were provided free of charge, the local municipality was placed on a democratic footing and the judiciary and executive made independent of each other. Although the economy was primarily agricultural, some limited industrialisation included oil mills, and iron and steel works. On 15 June 1948, Raja Dileep Singh signed the accession to the Indian Union.[10][11]

Rulers

The chiefs of Sailana are Rathore Rajputs and have a common ancestry with the Maharajas of Jodhpur and Ratlam.[12]

Rajas
NameYear
Jai Singh1736–1757
Jaswant Singh1757–1772
Ajab Singh1772–1782
Mokham Singh1782–1797
Lakshman Singh1797–1826
Ratan Singh1826–1827
Nahar Singh1827–1841
Takhat Singh1841–1850
Rajmata Nath Kanwarji (regent)1850–1859
Duleh Singh1850–1895
Jashwant Singh II1895–1919
Dileep Singh1919 – 1948 (1948 – 1961 titular)
Digvijay Singh (titular)1961–1990
Vikram Singh (titular)1990 – present

Jagirdars of Sailana State

All the jagirdars owe fealty and service to the ruler and pay cesses and tanka. No jagirdar has the right to adopt without the permission of the raja. The 1st class jagirdars are allowed to wear gold anklets, and at their succession, they are installed by the ruling raja himself. Half of the states lands were alienated because of the large number of Jagirs.[5] Raja Dilip Singh (r. 1919–1948) later extinguished several Jagirs and replaced them with governors. This harsh but effective action helped the states revenue which was then used to provide medical and educational facilities in Sailana.[13][14]

The following were the 1st class Jagirdars of Sailana in 1908.

NameRevenue (Rs.)Dynasty
Semlia30,000Rathore
Birmawal/Kaneri26,000Rathore
Raoti20,000Rathore
Kariya17,000Rathore

The following were the 2nd class Jagirdars of Sailana in 1908.

NameRevenue (Rs.)Dynasty
Ghatwas5,00Rathore
Umran4,000Songara
Nayapura1,100Rathore
Mewasa3,000Sisodia
Chandoria2,000Rathore
Nalkui1,700Songara
Kotria1,200Rathore
Bharoda4,000Rathore
Advania6,000Rathore
Morda4,000Rathore

The 3rd class jagirdars were hereditary office holders of the state.

Coins of Sailana
One-quarter anna coins of Sailana state, minted in 1908 and 1912.

The original currency of Sailana was the "Salim Shahi". They were copper coins which were minted in Sailana State. However after 1897 Salim Shahi was discontinued and replaced with the British Rupee.[5] Sailana was under British protection, and issued coins of same design as British India coinage, minted by the same mints. One-quarter anna (1 paisa) coins of Sailana were minted in 2 years – 1908 and 1912 – these coins were the same size, weight and composition as the British India one-quarter anna coin. On one side, these coins had the portrait of the Emperor, Edward VII in 1908 and George V in 1912. The reverse of the coin mentioned the name of the Sailana state.[15]

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See also

References
  1. The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 12, pg 141
  2. Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Ratlam - Page 53-55
  3. States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey by Arnold Wright pg.632..."The Ruler died at the age of 60 years, having, during his reign, fought no fewer than 22 battles."
  4. Malwa in Transition Or a Century of Anarchy: The First Phase, 1698–1765 pg.123–125
  5. Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol.21. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908. pp. 385–7.
  6. Central India State Gazetteer Series Malwa Vol-v Part-a pg.357-358
  7. History of the Marathas By R.S. Chaurasia p.41
  8. The People of India — a series of photographic illustrations, with descriptive letterpress, of the races and tribes of Hindustan Vol 7
  9. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7JQbAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA142&dq=imperial+gazetteer+sailana+state&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjmibm534flAhU-H7cAHXpYDp8Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=imperial%20gazetteer%20sailana%20state&f=false
  10. Princely States of India
  11. Sailana through the ages by Jayantilaal Mehta
  12. Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey By R. V. Solomon, J. W. Bond. Pg.629
  13. Rulers, Leading families, and officials in the states of central India Pg.152–154
  14. Sailana through the ages by Jayantilaal Mehta p. 109
  15. https://www.tezbid.com/blogs/blogs/p-know-your-india-coins-of-sailana-p-p-p


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