1954 in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1954.
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Events
- January – Kingsley Amis's first novel, the comic campus novel Lucky Jim, is published by Victor Gollancz Ltd in London.
- January 7 – The Georgetown–IBM experiment is the first public demonstration of a machine translation system, held in New York at the IBM head office.
- January 25 – Dylan Thomas's radio play Under Milk Wood is first broadcast in the U.K. on the BBC Third Programme, two months after its author's death, with Richard Burton as "First Voice".
- February – The London Magazine is revived as a literary magazine, with John Lehmann as editor.
- March 31 – A. L. Zissu is sentenced in Bucharest to life imprisonment for "conspiring against the social order". This has been a focal point in the anti-Zionist clampdown in Communist Romania.[1]
- May 29 – The rediscovered and restored early 17th-century Corral de comedias de Almagro in Spain is re-inaugurated with a play by Calderon de la Barca.[2]
- June 16 – The first public celebration of "Bloomsday" takes place in Dublin: writers Flann O'Brien, Patrick Kavanagh and Anthony Cronin travel in a horse-drawn coach, stopping at numerous bars to retrace the steps of the characters from James Joyce's novel Ulysses.
- June 22 – In the Parker–Hulme murder case, the 15-year-old Julia Hulme, a future writer of English historical detective fiction as Anne Perry, takes part in the murder of her best friend's mother in Christchurch, New Zealand.
- July – The first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's epic The Lord of the Rings – The Fellowship of the Ring – is published in London by George Allen & Unwin. The Two Towers follows on November 11 and publication will be completed in 1955. By 2007, 150 million copies will have been sold worldwide.[3]
- September 1 – Lawrence Quincy Mumford becomes the U.S.Librarian of Congress.
- September 17 – William Golding's first novel, the allegorical dystopian Lord of the Flies, is published by Faber and Faber in London.
- September 22 – Terence Rattigan's two linked plays Separate Tables is first performed, at St James's Theatre, London.
- November 19 – Brendan Behan's first play, The Quare Fellow is premièred at the Pike Theatre, Dublin.
Uncertain dates
- Jack Kerouac reads Dwight Goddard's A Buddhist Bible (1932, found in San Jose library), which will influence him greatly.
- John Updike graduates from Harvard with a thesis on George Herbert. This summer he begins a year's Frank Knox Memorial Fellowship to the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art at England's University of Oxford. His first story for The New Yorker, "Friends from Philadelphia", appears on October 30.
New books
Fiction
- Kingsley Amis – Lucky Jim
- Poul Anderson – The Broken Sword
- Isaac Asimov – The Caves of Steel
- James Baldwin – Go Tell It on the Mountain
- Hamilton Basso – The View from Pompey's Head
- John Bingham – The Third Skin
- Boileau-Narcejac – The Living and the Dead (D'entre les morts)
- Lucy M. Boston – Yew Hall
- Pierre Boulle – The Bridge over the River Kwai (Le Pont de la Rivière Kwaï)
- Taylor Caldwell – Never Victorious, Never Defeated
- John Dickson Carr
- The Third Bullet and Other Stories
- The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes (with Adrian Conan Doyle)
- Agatha Christie – Destination Unknown
- Robertson Davies – Leaven of Malice
- Simone de Beauvoir – The Mandarins (Les Mandarins)
- Daphne du Maurier – Mary Anne
- Ian Fleming – Live and Let Die
- Max Frisch – I'm Not Stiller (Stiller)
- William Golding – Lord of the Flies
- Hergé – Explorers on the Moon (On a marché sur la Lune)
- Hwang Sun-won – The Descendants of Cain (카인의 후예)
- Mac Hyman – No Time for Sergeants
- Hammond Innes – The Strange Land
- Randall Jarrell – Pictures from an Institution: a comedy
- Yasunari Kawabata (川端 康成) – The Sound of the Mountain (Yama no Oto; serialization concludes)
- Frances Parkinson Keyes – The Royal Box
- Kalki Krishnamurthy
- Amara Thara
- Ponniyin Selvan (பொன்னியின் செல்வன், "The Son of Ponni"; publication concludes)
- Manuel Mujica Láinez – La casa (The House)
- Jacques Laurent – Mata Hari's Daughter
- Camara Laye – Le Regard du roi
- Ira Levin – A Kiss Before Dying
- Astrid Lindgren – Mio, My Son
- Compton Mackenzie – Ben Nevis Goes East
- Kamala Markandaya – Nectar in a Sieve
- John Masters – Bhowani Junction
- Richard Matheson – I Am Legend
- John Metcalfe – The Feasting Dead
- James A. Michener – Sayonara
- Paul Morand – Hecate and Her Dogs
- Alberto Moravia – Il disprezzo (A Ghost at Noon)
- Iris Murdoch – Under the Net
- Louis Pauwels – L'Amour monstre
- J. B. Priestley – The Magicians
- Marcel Proust – Jean Sauteuil (posthumously published)
- Ellery Queen – The Glass Village
- Pauline Réage (Anne Desclos) – Story of O (Histoire d'O)
- Mordecai Richler – The Acrobats
- Lillian Roth – I'll Cry Tomorrow
- Françoise Sagan – Bonjour Tristesse[4]
- Ahmed Sefrioui – La Boîte à merveilles
- Anya Seton – Katherine
- Margit Söderholm – Clouds Over Hellesta
- John Steinbeck – Sweet Thursday
- Irving Stone – Love Is Eternal
- Rex Stout
- Edward Streeter – Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation
- Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar – Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü (The Time Regulation Institute)
- Morton Thompson – Not as a Stranger
- J. R. R. Tolkien
- The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
- The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
- Amos Tutuola – My Life in the Bush of Ghosts
- Tarjei Vesaas – Spring Night
- Gore Vidal – Messiah
- Douglass Wallop – The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant
- Monique Watteau – La Colère végétale
- Frank Yerby – Benton's Row
Children and young people
- Viola Bayley – Paris Adventure (first in the Adventure series of 16 books)
- Lucy M. Boston – The Children of Green Knowe (first in the Green Knowe series of six books)
- Eleanor Cameron – The Wonderful Flight to the Mushroom Planet
- Meindert DeJong – The Wheel on the School (illustrated by Maurice Sendak)
- Rumer Godden – Impunity Jane: The Story of a Pocket Doll
- Joseph Krumgold – ...And Now Miguel
- C. S. Lewis – The Horse and His Boy
- Dr. Seuss – Horton Hears a Who!
- Rosemary Sutcliff – The Eagle of the Ninth
- Henry Treece
- Legions of the Eagle
- The Eagles Have Flown
- Ronald Welch – Knight Crusader
Drama
- Tawfiq al-Hakim – El Aydi El Na'mah (Soft Hands)
- Brendan Behan – The Quare Fellow
- Dharamvir Bharati – Andha Yug (The Blind Age)
- Peter Jones – The Party Spirit
- Saunders Lewis – Siwan
- Ronald Millar – Waiting for Gillian
- Terence Rattigan – Separate Tables
- Reginald Rose – Twelve Angry Men (original version as live teleplay)
- Dylan Thomas – Under Milk Wood (radio play)
- Thornton Wilder – The Matchmaker
- Herman Wouk – The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial
Poetry
- Tomas Tranströmer – 17 Poems (17 dikter)
Non-fiction
- Viv Albertine – Clothes, Clothes, Clothes. Music, Music, Music. Boys, Boys, Boys
- Gordon Allport – The Nature of Prejudice
- L. Sprague de Camp – Lost Continents
- Rodney Collin – The Theory of Celestial Influence
- Albert Einstein – Ideas and Opinions
- Gerald Gardner – Witchcraft Today
- Aldous Huxley – The Doors of Perception
- Arthur Koestler – The Invisible Writing: The Second Volume Of An Autobiography, 1932–40
- D. R. Matthews – The Social Background of Political Decision-Makers
- Mervyn Peake – Figures of Speech
- A. J. P. Taylor – The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848–1918
- Alice B. Toklas – The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook
- William Kurtz Wimsatt, Jr. – Verbal Icon: Studies in the Meaning of Poetry (collected essays including "The Intentional Fallacy" and "The Affective Fallacy", cowritten with Monroe Beardsley)[5]
- Barbara Woodhouse
- Dog Training my Way
- Talking to Animals (autobiography)
Births
- January 5 – László Krasznahorkai, Hungarian novelist and screenwriter
- January 15 – Jose Dalisay, Jr., Filipino writer
- January 29 – Oprah Winfrey, American actress and talk show host
- January – Cao Wenxuan (曹文軒), Chinese children's book writer and academic
- February 2 – Moniza Alvi, Pakistani-British poet and writer
- March 4 – Irina Ratushinskaya, Russian writer
- May 6 – Nicholas Crane, English writer, geographer and broadcaster
- March 16 – S. A. Griffin, American actor and poet
- March 20 – Louis Sachar, American children's author
- April 14 – Bruce Sterling, American science-fiction writer
- May 5 – Hamid Ismailov, Uzbek writer
- May 23 – Anja Snellman, Finnish writer
- June 6 – Cynthia Rylant, American children's author and poet
- June 28 – A. A. Gill, British journalist and critic (died 2016)
- July 17 – J. Michael Straczynski, American author
- August 1 – James Gleick, American non-fiction author
- August 15 – Mary Jo Salter, American poet and academic
- August 17 – Anatoly Kudryavitsky, Russian-Irish writer
- September 14 – Mikey Smith, Jamaican dub poet (killed 1983)
- November 8 – Kazuo Ishiguro, Japanese-born English novelist and Nobel laureate
- November 10 – Marlene van Niekerk, South African novelist
- November 11 – Mary Gaitskill, American novelist, essayist and short story writer
- November 12 – Christopher Pike (Kevin Christopher McFadden), American children's author
- December 3 – Grace Andreacchi, American author
- December 7 – Mark Hofmann, American rare book dealer, forger and murderer
- December 20 – Sandra Cisneros, American writer
Uncertain dates
- Esther Delisle, French Canadian author and historian
- Ibrahim Nasrallah, Jordanian/Palestinian poet and novelist
- Roma Tearne (Roma Chrysostom), Sri Lankan novelist and artist
Deaths
- January 1 – Duff Cooper (1st Viscount Norwich), English poet, biographer and politician (born 1890)
- January 21 – E. K. Chambers, English literary scholar (born 1866)
- January 25 – M. N. Roy, Indian philosopher and politician (born 1887)
- February 2 – Hella Wuolijoki, Estonian-born Finnish writer (born 1886)
- February 6 – Maxwell Bodenheim, American poet and novelist (born 1892; murdered)
- March 28 – Francis Brett Young, English novelist and poet (born 1884)
- April 8
- Juan Álvarez, Argentinian historian (born 1878)
- Winnifred Eaton, Canadian author (born 1875)
- Cicely Fox Smith, English poet and nautical writer (born 1882)
- April 19 – Russell Davenport, American journalist and publisher (born 1899)
- May 3 – Earnest Hooton, American writer on anthropology (born 1887)
- June 18 – Constantin Beldie, Romanian literary promoter and memoirist (born 1887)
- July 13 – Grantland Rice, American sportswriter (born 1880)
- July 14 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish dramatist and Nobel laureate (born 1866)
- August 2 – Julián Padrón, Venezuelan novelist, journalist and lawyer (born 1910)
- August 3 – Colette, French novelist (born 1873)
- September 19 – Miles Franklin, Australian novelist (born 1879)
- September 29 – W. J. Gruffydd, Welsh-language journal editor (born 1881)
- October 22 – Oswald de Andrade, Brazilian poet and polemicist (born 1890)
- November 17 – Ludovic Dauș, Romanian novelist and dramatist (born 1873)
- December 6 – Lucien Tesnière, French grammarian (born 1893)
- December 20 – James Hilton, English novelist (born 1900)
Awards
- Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Ronald Welch, Knight Crusader
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: C. P. Snow, The New Men and The Masters
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Keith Feiling, Warren Hastings
- Newbery Medal for children's literature: Joseph Krumgold, ...And Now Miguel
- Nobel Prize for Literature: Ernest Miller Hemingway
- Premio Nadal: Francisco Alcántara, La muerte sienta bien a Villalobos
- Pulitzer Prize for Drama: John Patrick, The Teahouse of the August Moon
- Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: no award given
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Theodore Roethke: TheWaking
- Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Ralph Hodgson
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References
- Glass, Hildrun (2010). "Câteva note despre activitatea lui Avram L. Zissu". In Rotman, Liviu; Crăciun, Camelia; Vasiliu, Ana-Gabriela (eds.). Noi perspective în istoriografia evreilor din România. Bucharest: Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania & Editura Hasefer. p. 166.
- Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish), CXCVIII, Madrid, 2001, pp. 352–546, OCLC 1460620.
- Wagner, Vit (2007-04-16). "Tolkien proves he's still the king". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
- No. 41 in Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century. Savigneau, Josyane (1999-10-15). "Écrivains et choix sentimentaux". Le Monde. Paris.
- Leitch, Vincent B.; Cain, William E.; Finke, Laurie A.; Johnson, Barbara E.; McGowan, John; Williams, Jeffrey J. (2001). "William K. Wimsatt Jr. and Monroe C. Beardsley". In Leitch, Vincent B. (ed.). The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. pp. 1371–1374.
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