1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma

The 1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Main article: 1920 United States presidential election
1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma
November 2, 1920
 
Nominee Warren G. Harding James M. Cox Eugene V. Debs
Party Republican Democratic Socialist
Home state Ohio Ohio Indiana
Running mate Calvin Coolidge Franklin D. Roosevelt Seymour Stedman
Electoral vote 10 0 0
Popular vote 243,831 217,053 25,726
Percentage 50.11% 44.61% 5.29%
President before election

Woodrow Wilson
Democratic

 Elected President

Warren G. Harding
Republican

Elections in Oklahoma
Government

Background and vote

In its early years, Oklahoma was a “Solid South” Democratic state whose founding fathers like "Alfalfa Bill" Murray and Charles N. Haskell had disfranchised most of its black population via literacy tests and grandfather clauses,[1] the latter of which would be declared unconstitutional in Guinn v. United States.[2] Partly owing to the absence of the poll taxes found in other Southern states due to the strength of populism amongst the state’s white settlers,[3] the state became a stronghold of the Socialist Party in the 1910s, especially in the southeast and the northwestern Plains.

However, despite being less stridently isolationist than states further north in the Great Plains,[4] Oklahoma was nonetheless caught up in the hostility towards President Wilson and his various foreign policy proposals, as well as his inability to deal with large-scale domestic conflict.[5] In early polls this was thought insufficient to split the state from the “Solid South”, but as it turned out a large swing caused the Democrats to lose the state, alongside Tennessee, for the first break in the “Solid South” since Reconstruction. The Republicans also elected a Senator and five Congressmen, so strong was the hostility towards Wilson.[6]

Oklahoma voted for the Republican nominee, Ohio Senator Warren G. Harding, over the Democratic nominee, Ohio Governor James M. Cox and Socialist nominee Eugene V. Debs of Indiana. Harding ran with Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge, while Cox ran with Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York and Debs ran with Seymour Stedman of Illinois. Harding won the state by a margin of 5.5 percentage points. As a result of his win, Harding became the first Republican presidential candidate to win Oklahoma.

Results
1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma[7]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Republican Warren G. Harding 243,831 50.11% 10
Democratic James M. Cox 217,053 44.61% 0
Socialist Eugene V. Debs 25,726 5.29% 0
Totals 486,610 100.00% 10

Results by county
County Warren Gamaliel Harding
Republican		 James Middleton Cox
Democratic		 Eugene Victor Debs
Socialist		 Margin Total votes cast[8]
# % # % # % # %
Adair 2,181 57.99% 1,559 41.45% 21 0.56% 622 16.54% 3,761
Alfalfa 3,005 63.71% 1,350 28.62% 362 7.67% 1,655 35.09% 4,717
Atoka 2,081 43.19% 2,100 43.59% 637 13.22% -19 -0.39% 4,818
Beaver 1,973 59.99% 1,076 32.72% 240 7.30% 897 27.27% 3,289
Beckham 1,755 36.99% 2,347 49.46% 643 13.55% -592 -12.48% 4,745
Blaine 2,786 61.64% 1,296 28.67% 438 9.69% 1,490 32.96% 4,520
Bryan 3,127 38.83% 4,502 55.90% 424 5.27% -1,375 -17.07% 8,053
Caddo 4,823 53.17% 3,594 39.62% 654 7.21% 1,229 13.55% 9,071
Canadian 3,881 52.14% 3,268 43.90% 295 3.96% 613 8.23% 7,444
Carter 3,561 35.14% 5,997 59.18% 575 5.67% -2,436 -24.04% 10,133
Cherokee 2,524 56.48% 1,859 41.60% 86 1.92% 665 14.88% 4,469
Choctaw 2,094 42.67% 2,531 51.57% 283 5.77% -437 -8.90% 4,908
Cimarron 630 53.48% 465 39.47% 83 7.05% 165 14.01% 1,178
Cleveland 2,283 45.80% 2,397 48.08% 305 6.12% -114 -2.29% 4,985
Coal 1,744 43.63% 1,768 44.23% 485 12.13% -24 -0.60% 3,997
Comanche 3,332 49.18% 3,037 44.83% 406 5.99% 295 4.35% 6,775
Cotton 1,820 42.80% 2,260 53.15% 172 4.05% -440 -10.35% 4,252
Craig 3,094 50.88% 2,903 47.74% 84 1.38% 191 3.14% 6,081
Creek 7,948 56.88% 5,408 38.70% 618 4.42% 2,540 18.18% 13,974
Custer 3,224 55.22% 2,271 38.90% 343 5.88% 953 16.32% 5,838
Delaware 2,059 59.17% 1,282 36.84% 139 3.99% 777 22.33% 3,480
Dewey 1,738 51.76% 995 29.63% 625 18.61% 743 22.13% 3,358
Ellis 1,786 59.30% 845 28.05% 381 12.65% 941 31.24% 3,012
Garfield 6,611 60.89% 3,671 33.81% 576 5.30% 2,940 27.08% 10,858
Garvin 2,922 40.09% 4,093 56.15% 274 3.76% -1,171 -16.07% 7,289
Grady 3,403 41.71% 4,277 52.43% 478 5.86% -874 -10.71% 8,158
Grant 3,210 60.58% 1,883 35.54% 206 3.89% 1,327 25.04% 5,299
Greer 1,013 32.75% 1,854 59.94% 226 7.31% -841 -27.19% 3,093
Harmon 643 34.18% 1,123 59.70% 115 6.11% -480 -25.52% 1,881
Harper 1,404 60.03% 753 32.19% 182 7.78% 651 27.83% 2,339
Haskell 2,673 52.67% 2,201 43.37% 201 3.96% 472 9.30% 5,075
Hughes 3,049 45.60% 3,487 52.15% 150 2.24% -438 -6.55% 6,686
Jackson 1,345 30.18% 2,694 60.46% 417 9.36% -1,349 -30.27% 4,456
Jefferson 1,733 39.36% 2,289 51.99% 381 8.65% -556 -12.63% 4,403
Johnston 1,950 43.73% 2,117 47.48% 392 8.79% -167 -3.75% 4,459
Kay 5,959 55.50% 4,546 42.34% 231 2.15% 1,413 13.16% 10,736
Kingfisher 3,220 61.77% 1,744 33.45% 249 4.78% 1,476 28.31% 5,213
Kiowa 2,649 47.22% 2,518 44.88% 443 7.90% 131 2.34% 5,610
Latimer 1,410 47.94% 1,200 40.80% 331 11.25% 210 7.14% 2,941
Le Flore 4,934 54.32% 3,764 41.44% 386 4.25% 1,170 12.88% 9,084
Lincoln 5,261 59.24% 2,980 33.55% 640 7.21% 2,281 25.68% 8,881
Logan 4,618 64.96% 2,209 31.07% 282 3.97% 2,409 33.89% 7,109
Love 711 28.16% 1,662 65.82% 152 6.02% -951 -37.66% 2,525
Major 1,921 60.01% 784 24.49% 496 15.50% 1,137 35.52% 3,201
Marshall 1,487 44.45% 1,589 47.50% 269 8.04% -102 -3.05% 3,345
Mayes 2,447 53.23% 1,987 43.22% 163 3.55% 460 10.01% 4,597
McClain 1,733 40.32% 2,315 53.86% 250 5.82% -582 -13.54% 4,298
McCurtain 1,966 40.23% 2,603 53.26% 318 6.51% -637 -13.03% 4,887
McIntosh 2,358 44.84% 2,642 50.24% 259 4.92% -284 -5.40% 5,259
Murray 1,362 42.21% 1,744 54.04% 121 3.75% -382 -11.84% 3,227
Muskogee 5,187 44.47% 6,378 54.68% 99 0.85% -1,191 -10.21% 11,664
Noble 2,467 59.69% 1,515 36.66% 151 3.65% 952 23.03% 4,133
Nowata 2,679 60.19% 1,697 38.13% 75 1.69% 982 22.06% 4,451
Okfuskee 1,760 48.19% 1,650 45.18% 242 6.63% 110 3.01% 3,652
Oklahoma 15,350 44.68% 17,820 51.86% 1,189 3.46% -2,470 -7.19% 34,359
Okmulgee 5,367 51.33% 4,495 42.99% 593 5.67% 872 8.34% 10,455
Osage 4,567 52.97% 3,801 44.08% 254 2.95% 766 8.88% 8,622
Ottawa 5,270 54.80% 3,974 41.33% 372 3.87% 1,296 13.48% 9,616
Pawnee 2,976 56.12% 1,955 36.87% 372 7.01% 1,021 19.25% 5,303
Payne 4,583 54.76% 3,238 38.69% 549 6.56% 1,345 16.07% 8,370
Pittsburg 5,371 47.17% 5,361 47.08% 655 5.75% 10 0.09% 11,387
Pontotoc 2,370 37.17% 3,800 59.60% 206 3.23% -1,430 -22.43% 6,376
Pottawatomie 5,355 47.56% 5,310 47.16% 595 5.28% 45 0.40% 11,260
Pushmataha 1,864 53.32% 1,365 39.04% 267 7.64% 499 14.27% 3,496
Roger Mills 1,193 46.75% 931 36.48% 428 16.77% 262 10.27% 2,552
Rogers 2,844 51.53% 2,459 44.56% 216 3.91% 385 6.98% 5,519
Seminole 3,382 60.73% 1,869 33.56% 318 5.71% 1,513 27.17% 5,569
Sequoyah 3,195 54.96% 2,505 43.09% 113 1.94% 690 11.87% 5,813
Stephens 2,035 39.16% 2,816 54.19% 346 6.66% -781 -15.03% 5,197
Texas 1,762 53.47% 1,398 42.43% 135 4.10% 364 11.05% 3,295
Tillman 1,539 35.48% 2,649 61.07% 150 3.46% -1,110 -25.59% 4,338
Tulsa 14,357 57.43% 10,025 40.10% 617 2.47% 4,332 17.33% 24,999
Wagoner 1,432 48.30% 1,375 46.37% 158 5.33% 57 1.92% 2,965
Washington 4,105 57.83% 2,805 39.51% 189 2.66% 1,300 18.31% 7,099
Washita 2,070 45.85% 2,125 47.07% 320 7.09% -55 -1.22% 4,515
Woods 2,827 60.32% 1,530 32.64% 330 7.04% 1,297 27.67% 4,687
Woodward 2,492 59.07% 1,437 34.06% 290 6.87% 1,055 25.01% 4,219
Totals243,831[lower-alpha 1]50.11%217,053[lower-alpha 2]44.61%25,726[lower-alpha 3]5.29%26,7785.50%486,610

Notes
  1. The county totals sum to 243,840, although sources vary because the Senatorial vote has been used instead of the Presidential elector vote.[9]
  2. The county totals sum to 216,122, although sources vary because the Senatorial vote has been used instead of the Presidential elector vote.[9]
  3. The county totals sum to 25,716, although sources vary because the Senatorial vote has been used instead of the Presidential elector vote.[9]
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References
  1. Ewing, Cortez Arthur Milton; An Introduction to the Government of Oklahoma (1939), p. 72. Published by Americanism Committee, American Legion, Department of Oklahoma
  2. Fairclough, Adam; Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000, p. 82 ISBN 0142001295
  3. Finkelman, Paul; African-Americans and the right to vote (Garland Publishing, 1992), pp. 418, 438
  4. Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 420, 424 ISBN 9780691163246
  5. Cooper, John Milton, junior; Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations, pp. 398-399 ISBN 9780521807869
  6. Debo, Angie; And Still the Waters Run: The Betrayal of the Five Civilized Tribes, pp. 318-319 ISBN 9780691005782
  7. "1920 Presidential General Election Results – Oklahoma". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  8. Scammon, Richard M. America at the Polls: A Handbook of Presidential Election Statistics, 1920-1964, pp. 357-358 ISBN 0405077114
  9. Scammon; America at the Polls, p. 369
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