1904 United States House of Representatives elections

1904 U.S. House of Representatives elections
	November 8, 1904[lower-alpha 1]
	November 8, 1904[lower-alpha 1]
All 386 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives; 194 seats needed for a majority
Speaker before election; Joseph Gurney Cannon; Republican	Elected Speaker ; Joseph Gurney Cannon; Republican

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1904 to elect members of the 59th Congress, and coincided with the election to a full term of President Theodore Roosevelt.

Roosevelt's popularity swept many Republican house candidates into office, cementing their majority over the opposition Democratic Party. Because Roosevelt came from a liberal wing of the Republican Party, his ideology was prevalent among freshman representatives. Progressive Republicanism mobilized a new base of support and proved to be especially popular among the Protestant middle-class workers who held jobs in business or in the front offices of industrial facilities.

Election summaries

↓
135	251
Democratic	Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Republican		Democratic
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	9	0		9
Arkansas	District	7	0		7
California	District	8	8	3	0	3
Colorado	District +at-large	3	3	1	0
Connecticut	District +at-large	5	5		0
Delaware	At-large	1	1	1	0	1
Florida	District	3	0		3
Georgia	District	11	0		11
Idaho	At-large	1	1		0
Illinois	District	25	24	7	1	7
Indiana	District	13	11	2	2	2
Iowa	District	11	11	1	0
Kansas	District +at-large	8	8		0
Kentucky	District	11	2	1	9	1
Kentucky	District	7	0		7
Maine[lower-alpha 2]	District	4	4		0
Maryland	District	6	3	1	3	1
Massachusetts	District	14	11	1	3	1
Michigan	District	12	12	1	0	1
Minnesota	District	9	9	1	0	1
Mississippi	District	8	0		8
Missouri	District	16	10	9	6	9
Montana	At-large	1	1		0
Nebraska	District	6	6	1	0	1
Nevada	At-large	1	0		1
New Hampshire	District	2	2		0
New Jersey	District	10	9	2	1	2
New York	District	37	26	6	11	6
North Carolina	District	10	1	1	9	1
North Dakota	District	2	2		0
Ohio	District	21	20	3	1	3
Oregon[lower-alpha 2]	District	2	2		0
Pennsylvania	District	32	31	3	1	3
Rhode Island	District	2	1		1
South Carolina	District	7	0		7
South Carolina	At-large	2	2		0
Tennessee	District	10	2		8
Texas	District	16	0		16
Utah	At-large	1	1		0
Vermont[lower-alpha 2]	District	2	2		0
Virginia	District	10	1		9
Washington	At-large	3	3		0
West Virginia	District	5	5		0
Wisconsin	District	11	10		1
Wyoming	At-large	1	1		0
Total		386	251 65.0%	41	135 35.0%	41

House seats

Republican			65.03%
Democratic			34.97%

The previous election of 1902 saw 3 Independent Republicans elected in the Pittsburgh area of Pennsylvania.

[[File:59 us house membership.png|thumb|left|350px|

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% Democratic	80+% Republican
60+% to 80% Democratic	60+% to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

]]

[[File:59 us house changes.png|thumb|left|350px|

Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain	6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain	3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain	1-2 Republican gain
no net change

]]

Early election dates

In 1904, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

June 6 Oregon
September 6 Vermont
September 12 Maine

Special elections

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 2	George W. Croft	1902	Democratic	Incumbent died March 10, 1904. New member elected May 17, 1904. Winner was not a candidate to the next term, see below.	Y James O. Patterson (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
California 3	Victor H. Metcalf	Republican	1898	Incumbent resigned July 1, 1904 to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor. New member elected November 8, 1904. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.	Y Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 77.5% Henry C. McPike (Democratic) 22.5%[3]
Ohio 19

California

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California 1	James Gillett	Republican	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James N. Gillett (Republican) 54.1% Anthony Caminetti (Democratic) 39.3% A. J. Gaylord (Socialist) 5.5% Jarrot Laban Rollins (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 2	Theodore A. Bell	Democratic	1902	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	Y Duncan E. McKinlay (Republican) 49.2% Theodore A. Bell (Democratic) 46.6% J. H. White (Socialist) 3.3% Eli P. LaCell (Prohibition) 0.9%
California 3	Victor H. Metcalf	Republican	1898	Incumbent resigned July 1, 1904 to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor. New member elected. Republican gain. Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.	Y Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 68.6% Henry C. McPike (Democratic) 20.1% M. Lesser (Socialist) 10.1% Bates Morris (Prohibition) 1.3%
California 4	Edward J. Livernash	Democratic	1902	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 56.8% Edward J. Livernash (Democratic) 36.4% William Costley (Socialist) 6.4% Hubert R. Chapin (Prohibition) 0.4%
California 5	William J. Wynn	Democratic	1902	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	Y Everis A. Hayes (Republican) 52.3% William J. Wynn (Democratic) 39.7% Frank R. Whitney (Socialist) 5% Charles J. Williams (Union Labor) 2% George B. Pratt (Prohibition) 1%
California 6	James C. Needham	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James C. Needham (Republican) 55.1% William M. Conley (Democratic) 38.3% J. L. Cobb (Socialist) 4.5% Joel H. Smith (Prohibition) 2.2%
California 7	James McLachlan	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James McLachlan (Republican) 44.8% Benjamin J. Cloes (P) 30.3% W. O. Morton (Democratic) 16.2% Frank I. Wheat (Socialist) 5.2% John Sobieski (Prohibition) 3.6%
California 8	Milton J. Daniels	Republican	1902	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	Y Sylvester C. Smith (Republican) 55.6% Charles A. Barlow (Democratic) 34.5% Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 9.9%

Florida

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida 1	Stephen M. Sparkman	Democratic	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Stephen M. Sparkman (Democratic) 75.1% E. R. Gunby (Republican) 20.1% Z. A. Middlebrooks (Socialist) 4.7%
Florida 2	Robert Wyche Davis	Democratic	1896	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y Frank Clark (Democratic) 77.2% John M. Cheney (Republican) 19.9% W. B. Wood (Socialist) 2.9%
Florida 3	William B. Lamar	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William B. Lamar (Democratic) 100%

Maryland

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Maryland 1	William H. Jackson	Republican	1900	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Thomas Alexander Smith (Democratic) 49.4% William H. Jackson (Republican) 48.0% N.E. Clark (Prohibition) 2.6%
Maryland 2	J. Frederick C. Talbott	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	Y J. Frederick C. Talbott (Democratic) 52.2% Robert Garrett (Republican) 46.2% P.G. Spencer (Prohibition) 1.6%
Maryland 3	Frank C. Wachter	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Frank C. Wachter (Republican) 51.8% Lee S. Meyer (Democratic) 45.8% S.H. Roberts (Prohibition) 0.8% Levin T. Jones (Socialist) 1.6%
Maryland 4	James W. Denny	Democratic	1902	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y John Gill Jr. (Democratic) 51.8% William C. Smith (Republican) 47.0% George E. McLaughlin (Prohibition) 1.2%
Maryland 5	Sydney Emanuel Mudd I	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Sydney Emanuel Mudd I (Republican) 53.6% Richard S. Hill (Democratic) 43.6% William E. Johnsen (Prohibition) 1.4% John E. Mudd (Independent Republican) 1.4%
Maryland 6	George A. Pearre	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George A. Pearre (Republican) 53.9% Walter A. Johnston (Democratic) 42.5% William A. Michaels (Prohibition) 2.1% S. L. V. Young (Socialist) 1.5%

South Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	George Swinton Legaré	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George Swinton Legaré (Democratic) 91.3% J. N. Noland (Republican) 5.2% Aaron P. Prioleau (Republican)3.5%
South Carolina 2	George W. Croft	Democratic	1902	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y James O'H. Patterson (Democratic) 94.7% Isaac Myers (Republican) 5.3%
South Carolina 3	Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 98.2% John Scott (Republican) 1.8%
South Carolina 4	Joseph T. Johnson	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Joseph T. Johnson (Democratic) 97.5% J. D. Adams (Republican) 2.5%
South Carolina 5	David E. Finley	Democratic	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y David E. Finley (Democratic) 98.5% C. P. White (Republican) 1.5%
South Carolina 6	Robert B. Scarborough	Democratic	1900	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y J. Edwin Ellerbe (Democratic) 95.8% E. H. Deas (Republican) 4.2%
South Carolina 7	Asbury F. Lever	Democratic	1901 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Asbury F. Lever (Democratic) 93.8% C. C. Jacobs 6.0% Others 0.2%

Virginia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Virginia 1
Virginia 2
Virginia 3
Virginia 4
Virginia 5
Virginia 6	Carter Glass	Democratic	1902 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Carter Glass (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
Virginia 7
Virginia 8
Virginia 9
Virginia 10

Non-voting delegates

Oklahoma Territory

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Oklahoma Territory at-large	Bird S. McGuire	Republican	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Bird S. McGuire (Republican) 47.14% Frank Mathews (Democratic) 45.69% A. S. Loudermilk (Socialist) 4.07% R. E. Straughan (Populist) 1.68% Charles Brown (Prohibition) 1.42%[4]

gollark: That would probably break the ecosystem.

gollark: Also, I kind of want to do hexagonal buildings.

gollark: Or we could build underground, but that has problems too.

gollark: We'd probably want the buildings to also have a lot of internal sealing in case of any issues with the exterior walls. And a lot of spare breathing masks.

gollark: There's chlorine in it.

Notes

Three states held earlier elections between June 6 and September 12.
Elections held early.

References

"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
Martis, pp. 158–159.
https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=170033
https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=299875

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
Secretary of State (1905). Maryland Manual 1904. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Three states held earlier elections between June 6 and September 12.

[early-4] Elections held early.

[USH-PartyDiv-2] "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.

[Martis-3] Martis, pp. 158–159.

[5] ttps://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=170033

[6] ttps://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=299875

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