1886 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1886 for Representatives to the 50th Congress, taking place in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term.
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All 325 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 163 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Map of U.S. House elections results from 1886 elections for 50th Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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As in many midterm elections, Cleveland's Democratic Party lost seats to the opposition Republican Party, although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The small Labor Party, supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each in Virginia (Virginia's 6th congressional district) and Wisconsin (Wisconsin's 4th congressional district), while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa (James B. Weaver of Iowa's 6th congressional district). John Nichols was also elected as an Independent to North Carolina's 4th congressional district.
Election summaries
State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Republican | Others | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Alabama | District | 8 | 8 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Arkansas | District | 5 | 5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
California | District | 6 | 2 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Colorado | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Connecticut | District | 4 | 2 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Florida | District | 2 | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Georgia | District | 10 | 10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Illinois | District | 20 | 6 | ![]() |
14 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Indiana | District | 13 | 6 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Iowa | District | 11 | 1 | ![]() |
9[lower-alpha 4] | ![]() |
1[lower-alpha 5] | ![]() |
Kansas | District | 7 | 0 | ![]() |
7[lower-alpha 4] | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Kentucky | District | 11 | 8 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Louisiana | District | 6 | 6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maine[lower-alpha 6] | District | 4 | 0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maryland | District | 6 | 5 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Massachusetts | District | 12 | 4 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Michigan | District | 11 | 5 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Minnesota | District | 5 | 3 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Mississippi | District | 7 | 7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Missouri | District | 14 | 12 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Nebraska | District | 3 | 1 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Hampshire | District | 2 | 1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Jersey | District | 7 | 2 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New York | District | 34 | 16 | ![]() |
18 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
North Carolina | District | 9 | 7 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
1[lower-alpha 7] | ![]() |
Ohio | District | 21 | 6 | ![]() |
15 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Oregon[lower-alpha 6] | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Pennsylvania | District + at-large |
28 | 8 | ![]() |
20 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Rhode Island | District | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
South Carolina | District | 7 | 7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Tennessee | District | 10 | 8 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Texas | District | 11 | 11 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Vermont[lower-alpha 6] | District | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Virginia | District | 10 | 3 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
1[lower-alpha 8] | ![]() |
West Virginia | District | 4 | 3 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Wisconsin | District | 9 | 1 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
1[lower-alpha 8] | ![]() |
Total | 325 | 167[1] 51.4% |
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154[1][lower-alpha 3] 47.4% |
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4[1] 1.2% |
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There were 2 Labor Party and 1 Independent members elected, and 1 Greenback Party member re-elected in Iowa. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.
167 | 6 | 152 |
Democratic | [lower-alpha 9] | Republican |
[[File:50 us house membership.png|thumb|450px|
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[[File:50 us house changes.png|thumb|450px|
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Special elections
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New York 15 | Lewis Beach | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent died August 10, 1886. New member elected November 2, 1886. Democratic hold. Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below. |
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Early election dates
In 1886, three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections early:
California
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
California 1 | Barclay Henley | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold |
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California 2 | James A. Louttit | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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California 3 | Joseph McKenna | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 4 | William W. Morrow | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 5 | Charles N. Felton | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 6 | Henry Markham | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold |
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Florida
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Florida 1 | Robert H. M. Davidson | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 2 | Charles Dougherty | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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New York
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New York 15 | Lewis Beach | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent died August 10, 1886. New member elected. Democratic hold. Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term. |
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South Carolina
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina 1 | Samuel Dibble | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 2 | George D. Tillman | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 3 | D. Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 4 | William H. Perry | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 5 | John J. Hemphill | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 6 | George W. Dargan | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 7 | Robert Smalls | Republican | 1884 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Non-voting members
Montana Territory
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana Territory at-large | Joseph K. Toole | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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See also
Notes
- Three states held early elections between June 7 and September 10.
- Including 1 Independent Democrat.
- Including 2 Independent Republicans, John Alexander Anderson elected to Kansas's 5th congressional district, and Albert R. Anderson to Iowa's 8th congressional district.
- Includes 1 Independent Republican.
- Greenback Party
- Elections held early.
- John Nichols was elected as an Independent to North Carolina's 4th congressional district.
- Labor Party
- There were 2 Labor members, 2 Independent Republicans, 1 Independent, and 1 Greenback members elected.
References
- Martis, pp. 140–141.
- https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=732471
- Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections. 1975. p. 566.
- https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=732469
- https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=300406
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)