1900 United States House of Representatives elections

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1900 for members of the 57th Congress, coinciding with the re-election of President William McKinley.

1900 United States House of Representatives elections

November 6, 1900[Note 1]
All 357 seats to the United States House of Representatives 179 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader David Henderson James Richardson John Calhoun Bell Party Republican Democratic Populist Leader since March 4, 1899 March 4, 1899 Leader's seat Iowa 3rd Tennessee 5th Colorado 2nd Last election 187 seats 161 seats 5 seats Seats won 200[1][2] 151[1][2] 5[1][2] Seat change 13 10 Popular vote 6,929,305 6,081,813 321,908 Percentage 50.65% 44.45% 2.35% Swing 2.10% 0.27% 1.89%   Fourth party Fifth party   Party Silver Republican Independent Last election 2 2 Seats won 1[2] 0 Seat change 1 2 Popular vote 54,591 44,982 Percentage 0.40% 0.33% Swing 0.16% 0.55%
Speaker before election David Henderson Republican Elected Speaker David Henderson Republican

McKinley's Republican Party gained thirteen seats from the Democratic Party and minor parties, cementing their majority. A reassertion of Republican control in the Mid-Atlantic was key in the gain of new seats. However, with an improved economy, especially in the industrial sector, the election cycle featured no keystone issue, resulting in a general support for the status quo. The fading Populist Party held on to five House seats, while the sole member of the Silver Party changed parties to Democratic. This was the last time a third party headed into house elections with a party leader. All subsequent third parties to serve in the House would not select a party leader.

Election summaries

↓

200	1	5	151
Republican	SR	P	Democratic

State	Type	Total seats	Republican		Democratic		Populist		Silver/ Silver Republican
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	9	0	1	9	1	0		0
Arkansas	District	6	0		6		0		0
California	District	7	7	1	0	1	0		0
Colorado	District	2	0		0		1		1[Note 2]
Connecticut	District	4	4		0		0		0
Delaware	At-large	1	1		0		0		0
Florida	District	2	0		2		0		0
Georgia	District	11	0		11		0		0
Idaho	At-large	1	0		0		1	1	0	1[Note 3]
Illinois	District	22	11	3	11	3	0		0
Indiana	District	13	9		4		0		0
Iowa	District	11	11		0		0		0
Kentucky	District +at-large	8	7		1	1	0	1	0
Kentucky	District	11	3	1	8	1	0		0
Louisiana	District	6	0		6		0		0
Maine[Note 4]	District	4	4		0		0		0
Maryland	District	6	6	2	0	2	0		0
Massachusetts	District	13	10		3		0		0
Michigan	District	12	12		0		0		0
Minnesota	District	7	7		0		0		0
Mississippi	District	7	0		7		0		0
Missouri	District	15	3[Note 5]		12		0		0
Montana	At-large	1	0		0	1	1	1	0
Nebraska	District	6	2		2	1	2	1	0
Nevada	At-large	1	0		1	1	0		0	1[Note 6]
New Hampshire	District	2	2		0		0		0
New Jersey	District	8	6		2		0		0
New York	District	34	21	5	13	5	0		0
North Carolina	District	9	2		7	1	0	1	0
North Dakota	At-large	1	1		0		0		0
Ohio	District	21	17	2	4	2	0		0
Oregon[Note 4]	District	2	2		0		0		0
Pennsylvania	District +2 at-large	30	26	6	4	6	0		0
Rhode Island	District	2	2		0		0		0
South Carolina	District	7	0		7		0		0
South Dakota	At-large	2	2		0		0		0
Tennessee	District	10	2		8		0		0
Texas	District	13	0	1	13	1	0		0
Utah]	At-large	1	1	1	0	1	0		0
Vermont[Note 4]	District	2	2		0		0		0
Virginia	District	10	0		10		0		0
Washington	At-large	2	2		0		0		0
West Virginia	District	4	4	1	0	1	0		0
Wisconsin	District	10	10		0		0		0
Wyoming	At-large	1	1		0		0		0
Total		357	200 56.0%	13	151 42.3%	10	5 1.4%	1	1[Note 2] 0.3%	2

House seats Republican   56.02% Democratic   42.30% Populist   1.40% Silver Republican   0.28%

The previous election of 1898 saw the election of 6 Populists, 2 Silver Republicans, and a Silver Party member.

[[File:57 us house membership.png|thumb|500px| House seats by party holding plurality in state   80+ to 100% Democratic   80+ to 100% Populist   80+ to 100% Republican   60+ to 80% Democratic     60+ to 80% Republican   Up to 60% Democratic   Up to 60% Populist   Up to 60% Republican ]]

[[File:57 us house changes.png|thumb|500px| Net gain in party representation   6+ Democratic gain     6+ Republican gain   3-5 Democratic gain     3-5 Republican gain   1-2 Democratic gain   1-2 Populist gain   1-2 Republican gain   no net change ]]

Early election dates

In 1900, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

• June 4 Oregon
• September 4 Vermont
• September 10 Maine

Special elections

J. William Stokes (Democratic) of South Carolina's 7th congressional district died in office on July 6, 1901 and was replaced in a special election by Asbury F. Lever (Democratic)

Also:

• California's 2nd congressional district
• Virginia's 4th congressional district
• New Jersey's 7th congressional district

California

Main article: 1900 United States House of Representatives elections in California

See also: List of United States Representatives from California

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California 1	John All Barham	Republican	1894	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	Y Frank Coombs (Republican) 55.3% James F. Farraher (Democratic) 42.4% William Morgan (Socialist) 1.6% Charles T. Clark (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 2	Marion De Vries	Democratic	1896	Incumbent resigned August 20, 1900 to accept a judicial position. New member elected. Republican gain.	Y Samuel D. Woods[Note 7] (Republican) 50.4% J. D. Sproul (Democratic) 47.9% W. F. Lockwood (Socialist) 0.9% W. H. Barron (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 3	Victor H. Metcalf	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 58.3% Frank Freeman (Democratic) 38% R. A. Dague (Socialist) 2.6% Alvin W. Holt (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 4	Julius Kahn	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 55.7% R. Porter Ashe (Democratic) 38.2% Charles C. O'Donnell (Independent) 3.6% G. B. Benham (Socialist) 2.2% Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.3%
California 5	Eugene F. Loud	Republican	1890	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 55.7% J. H. Henry (Democratic) 41.3% C. H. King Sr. (Socialist) 2.2% Fred E. Caton (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 6	Russell J. Waters	Republican	1898	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold	Y James McLachlan (Republican) 52.4% W. D. Crichton (Democratic) 42.4% Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 3.1% A. H. Hensley (Prohibition) 2.1%
California 7	James C. Needham	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James C. Needham (Republican) 51.8% William Graves (Democratic) 37.9% H. G. Wilshire (Socialist) 7% James Campbell (Prohibition) 3.2%

Florida

Main article: 1900 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

See also: List of United States Representatives from Florida

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida 1	Stephen M. Sparkman	Democratic	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Stephen M. Sparkman (Democratic) 87.0% G. Brown Patterson (Republican) 13.0%
Florida 2	Robert Wyche Davis	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Robert Wyche Davis (Democratic) 80.0% John M. Cheney (Republican) 20.0%

Maryland

See also: List of United States Representatives from Maryland

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Maryland 1	John Walter Smith	Democratic	1898	Incumbent resigned January 12, 1900 upon being elected Governor. New member elected. Republican gain.	Y William H. Jackson (Republican) 50.2% [Note 8] John P. Moore (Democratic) 46.3% George A. Cox (Prohibition) 3.4% George W. Covington (Independent) 0.0%
Maryland 2	William Benjamin Baker	Republican	1894	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold	Y Albert Blakeney (Republican) 48.7% J. Frederick C. Talbott (Democratic) 48.2% John W. Angell (Prohibition) 1.8% Nicholas W. Steele (Independent Democrat) 1.3%
Maryland 3	Frank C. Wachter	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Frank C. Wachter (Republican) 51.8% Robert Fulton Leach, Jr. (Democratic) 46.8% Henry Louis Hillegeist (Prohibition) 0.7% Henry F. Magness (Union Reform) 0.1% Levin Thomas Jones (Social Democrat) 0.6%
Maryland 4	James W. Denny	Democratic	1898	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	Y Charles R. Schirm (Republican) 50.7% James W. Denny (Democratic) 45.9% Charles C. O'Donnell (Independent) 3.6% William Gisriel (Prohibition) 0.7% Charles B. Backman (Social Democrat) 0.1%
Maryland 5	Sydney Emanuel Mudd I	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Sydney Emanuel Mudd I (Republican) 54.2% Benjamin H. Camalier (Democratic) 44.8% William H. Thompson (Prohibition) 0.9%
Maryland 6	George A. Pearre	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected	Y George A. Pearre (Republican) 53.0% Charles A. Little (Democratic) 45.4% Samuel M. Hockman (Prohibition) 1.6% George M. Fisher (Independent Republican) 0.1% Robert W. Stevens (Independent) 0.0% Charles T. Little () 0.0%

Nevada

See also: List of United States Representatives from Nevada

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Nevada at-large	Francis G. Newlands	Democratic	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Francis G. Newlands (Democratic/Silver) 58.8% E. S. Farrington (Republican) 41.2%

South Carolina

Main article: 1900 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina

See also: List of United States Representatives from South Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	William Elliott	Democratic	1886 1890 (Lost contest) 1890 1892 (Retired) 1894 1896 (Lost contest) 1896	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William Elliott (Democratic) 72.7% W. W. Beckett (Republican) 27.3%
South Carolina 2	W. Jasper Talbert	Democratic	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	Y W. Jasper Talbert (Democratic) 97.7% J. B. Odom (Republican) 2.3%
South Carolina 3	Asbury Latimer	Democratic	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Asbury Latimer (Democratic) 97.5% Anson C. Merrick (Republican) 2.5%
South Carolina 4	Stanyarne Wilson	Democratic	1894	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold	Y Joseph T. Johnson (Democratic) 97.0% S. T. Poinier (Republican) 3.0%
South Carolina 5	David E. Finley	Democratic	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y David E. Finley (Democratic) 97.3% John F. Jones (Republican) 2.7%
South Carolina 6	James Norton	Democratic	1897 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold	Y Robert B. Scarborough (Democratic) 94.3% R. A. Stuart (Republican) 5.7%
South Carolina 7	J. William Stokes	Democratic	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	Y J. William Stokes (Democratic) 93.2% Alexander D. Dantzler (Republican) 6.8%

Non-voting delegates

• Hawaii Territory: Robert W. Wilcox (Home Rule Party) was elected to finish the term ending March 3, 1901 and to the next term.[3]

Oklahoma Territory

See also: List of United States Representatives from Oklahoma

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Oklahoma Territory at-large	Dennis T. Flynn	Republican	1892 1894 (Lost) 1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Dennis T. Flynn (Republican) 52.14% Neff[lower-alpha 1] (Democratic) 45.70% Allan[lower-alpha 1] (Populist) 1.09% Tucker[lower-alpha 1] (Socialist) 1.08%[4]

See also

• 1900 United States elections
  • 1900 United States presidential election
  • 1900 and 1901 United States Senate elections
• 56th United States Congress
• 57th United States Congress

Notes

1. Three states held earlier elections between June 4 and September 10.
2. Includes 1 member of the Silver Republican faction, John F. Shafroth, of CO-01.
3. Previous election had 1 member from the Silver Republican Party faction.
4. Elections held early.
5. Elections to MO-12 were contested multiple times, and the seat was considered vacant for much of the 57th Congress – Republican George C. Wagoner was finally seated just before the end of the 57th Congress. See Dubin, p. 333 and 337–338.
6. Previous election had 1 member from the Silver Party.
7. Also won special election to 56th Congress.
8. Josiah Kerr (Republican) elected on same date to fill remainder of the term in the 56th Congress.

1. Full name unknown

References

1. "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
2. Martis, pp. 154–155.
3. "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
4. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=299873

Bibliography

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
• Secretary of State (1901). Maryland Manual 1900. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)