1584

1584 (MDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. As of the start of 1584, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century 16th century 17th century
Decades:	1560s 1570s 1580s 1590s 1600s
Years:	1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587

1584 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1584 MDLXXXIV
Ab urbe condita	2337
Armenian calendar	1033 ԹՎ ՌԼԳ
Assyrian calendar	6334
Balinese saka calendar	1505–1506
Bengali calendar	991
Berber calendar	2534
English Regnal year	26 Eliz. 1 – 27 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar	2128
Burmese calendar	946
Byzantine calendar	7092–7093
Chinese calendar	癸未年 (Water Goat) 4280 or 4220     — to — 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 4281 or 4221
Coptic calendar	1300–1301
Discordian calendar	2750
Ethiopian calendar	1576–1577
Hebrew calendar	5344–5345
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1640–1641
- Shaka Samvat	1505–1506
- Kali Yuga	4684–4685
Holocene calendar	11584
Igbo calendar	584–585
Iranian calendar	962–963
Islamic calendar	991–992
Japanese calendar	Tenshō 12 (天正１２年)
Javanese calendar	1503–1504
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3917
Minguo calendar	328 before ROC 民前328年
Nanakshahi calendar	116
Thai solar calendar	2126–2127
Tibetan calendar	阴水羊年 (female Water-Goat) 1710 or 1329 or 557     — to — 阳木猴年 (male Wood-Monkey) 1711 or 1330 or 558

March 18: Feodor I becomes Tsar.

Events

June 4: Roanoke Island is discovered.

January–June

• January–March – Archangelsk is founded as New Kholmogory in northern Russia, by Ivan the Terrible.
• January 11 – Sir Walter Mildmay is given a royal licence to found Emmanuel College, Cambridge.[1]
• March 18 (N.S. March 28) – Ivan the Terrible, ruler of Russia since 1533, dies; he is succeeded as Tsar by his son, Feodor.
• May 17 – The conflict between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu culminates in the Battle of Nagakute.
• June 1 – With the death of the Duc d'Anjou, the Huguenot Henry of Navarre becomes heir-presumptive to the throne of France.
• June 4 – Walter Raleigh sends Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the Outer Banks of Virginia (now North Carolina), with a view to establishing an English colony; they locate Roanoke Island.[2]
• June 11 – Walk (modern-day Valka and Valga, towns in Latvia and Estonia respectively), receive city rights from Polish king Stefan Bathory.

July–December

• July – The Siege of Antwerp[3] begins.
• July 5 – The Maronite College is established in Rome, Papal States.
• July 10 – William I of Orange is assassinated.
• September 17 – Ghent falls into the hands of Alexander Farnese, governor of the Spanish Netherlands.[4]
• December – The Treaty of Joinville is signed secretly between the French Catholic League and Spain.

Date unknown

• Ratu Hijau becomes queen regnant of the once Malay Pattani Kingdom.
• Belgian cartographer and geographer Abraham Ortelius features Ming Dynasty-era Chinese carriages with masts and sails, in his atlas Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; concurrent and later Western writers also take note of this peculiar Chinese invention.
• This year, according to Italian heretic Jacopo Brocardo, is regarded as an apocalyptic inauguration of a major new cycle.

Births

Archduchess Marie of Austria

• January 1 – Charles de Lorme, French physician (d. 1678)
• January 7 – Karan Singh II, Maharana of Mewar (d. 1628)
• January 29 – Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (d. 1647)
• February 9 – Francesco Maria Richini, Italian architect (d. 1658)
• February 12 – Caspar Barlaeus, Dutch polymath (d. 1648)
• February 18 – Philippe de Carteret II, son of Philippe de Carteret I (1552– (d. 1643)
• February 19 – Angelo Nardi, Italian painter (d. 1664)
• February 26 – Albert VI of Bavaria (d. 1666)
• March 15 – Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (d. 1663)
• March 22 – Grégoire de Saint-Vincent, Flemish Jesuit and mathematician (d. 1667)
• March 26 – John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1635)
• March 29 – Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English parliamentary general (d. 1648)
• April 6 – Bridget de Vere, Countess of Berkshire, English countess (d. 1630)
• April 10 – Sibylle Elisabeth of Württemberg, Duchess consort of Saxony (d. 1606)
• April 20 – Sir John Langham, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1671)
• April 23 – Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara, Spanish noble (d. 1644)
• April 29 – Melchior Teschner, German cantor, composer and theologian (d. 1635)
• May 17 – John Jacob Hess, Swiss minister (d. 1639)
• May 23 – Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff, Austrian diplomat (d. 1650)
• May 27 – Michael Altenburg, German composer (d. 1640)
• June 6 – Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese politician, military general and writer (d. 1630)
• June 15 – Anna Sophie of Anhalt, German noblewoman (d. 1652)
• June 16 – Archduchess Maria of Austria (d. 1649)
• June 25 – Richard Strode, English politician (d. 1669)
• June 26 – Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster, English politician (d. 1659)
• July 17 – Agnes of Brandenburg, Duchess of Pomerania, later Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1629)
• July 26 – Gaspard III de Coligny, Marshal of France (d. 1646)
• August 1 – Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland, English earl (d. 1630)
• August 10 – John Casimir, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (1606–1627) (d. 1627)
• August 11 – Philip Ernest, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1610–1628) (d. 1628)
• August 13 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician (d. 1640)
• August 28 – Richard Treat, American city founder (d. 1669)
• August 29 – Patrick Young, Scottish librarian (d. 1652)
• September 11 – Thomas van Erpe, Dutch Orientialist, cartographer (d. 1624)
• September 13 – Francis Julius of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince (d. 1634)
• September 15 – Georg Rudolf Weckherlin, German poet (d. 1653)
• September 16 – Giulio Roma, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1652)
• September 17 – John Finch, 1st Baron Finch, English judge (d. 1660)
• October 10 – Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke (d. 1650)
• November 3 – Jean-Pierre Camus, French Catholic bishop (d. 1652)
• November 10 – Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg (d. 1638)
• November 16 – Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg, duchess consort and later regent of Württemberg (d. 1636)
• November 18 – Gaspar de Crayer, Flemish painter (d. 1669)
• December 15 – Queen Inmok, Korean royal consort (d. 1632)
• December 16 – John Selden, English jurist (d. 1654)
• December 25 – Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain (d. 1611)
• December 27 – Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1625)
• December 28 – Juan de Dicastillo, Spanish theologian (d. 1653)
• date unknown
  • William Baffin, English explorer (d. 1622)
  • Francis Beaumont, English dramatist (d. 1616)
  • Antonio Cifra, Italian composer (d. 1629)
  • Matthias Gallas, Austrian soldier (d. 1647)
  • Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese samurai, artist, philosopher (d. 1645)
  • John Hales, English theologian (d. 1656)
  • Hu Zhengyan, Chinese artist, printmaker, calligrapher and publisher (d. 1674)
  • Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull (d. 1643)
  • Mathieu Molé, French statesman (d. 1656)
  • Herman Wrangel, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1643)
  • Chiara Varotari, Italian Baroque painter (d. 1663)

Deaths

Bernal Díaz del Castillo

Tsar Ivan IV of Russia

Saint Charles Borromeo

• January 4 – Tobias Stimmer, Swiss painter and drawer (b. 1539)
• January 11 – Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Spanish constiquador (b. 1496)
• January 15 – Martha Leijonhufvud, politically active Swedish noble (b. 1520)
• February 18 – Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian writer (b. 1503)
• February 19 – Anna de' Medici, Tuscan princess (b. 1569)
• March 10 – Thomas Norton, English politician and writer (b. 1532)
• March 18 – Tsar Ivan IV of Russia (b. 1530)
• May 10 – Luigi Cornaro, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1517)
• March 12 – Kasper Franck, German theologian (b. 1543)
• May 18 – Ikeda Tsuneoki, Japanese daimyō and military commander (in battle) (b. 1536)
• May 25 – Prospero Spani, Italian sculptor (b. 1516)
• June 10 – François, Duke of Anjou (b. 1555)
• June 13 – János Zsámboky, Hungarian scholar (b. 1531)
• July – Francis Throckmorton, conspirator against Queen Elizabeth I of England (b. 1554)
• July 10 – William I of Orange (assassinated) (b. 1533)
• July 12 – Steven Borough, English explorer (b. 1525)
• July 14 – Balthasar Gérard, French assassin of William I of Orange (b. 1557)
• July 23 – John Day, English Protestant printer (b. 1522)
• August 22 – Jan Kochanowski, Polish writer (b. 1530)
• October – Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll, Scottish nobleman and politician (b. 1541)
• November 3 – Charles Borromeo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and saint (b. 1538)
• November 17 – Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1528)
• December 26 – Giovanni Francesco Commendone, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1523)
• date unknown
  • Jan Borukowski, royal secretary of Poland (b. 1524)
  • Yi I of Joseon, Korean Confucian scholar (b. 1536)
  • Elena Anguissola, Italian painter and nun (b. c. 1532)
  • Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł, Polish magnate (b. 1512)
  • Carolus Sigonius, Italian humanist (b. 1524)
  • Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa, viceroy of Peru (b. 1515)
  • Michal Wisniowiecki, prince at Wiśniowiec (b. 1529)
• probable – James Balfour of Pittendreich, Scottish judge and politician

References

1. Ford, L. L. (2004). "Mildmay, Sir Walter (1520/21–1589)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18696. Retrieved September 2, 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
2. Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 259. ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
3. "Battle of Antwerp | Summary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
4. Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A. (1873). "Ghent". The American Cyclopaedia. 7. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Retrieved December 4, 2011.