1539

Year 1539 (MDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century 16th century 17th century
Decades:	1510s 1520s 1530s 1540s 1550s
Years:	1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542

1539 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1539 MDXXXIX
Ab urbe condita	2292
Armenian calendar	988 ԹՎ ՋՁԸ
Assyrian calendar	6289
Balinese saka calendar	1460–1461
Bengali calendar	946
Berber calendar	2489
English Regnal year	30 Hen. 8 – 31 Hen. 8
Buddhist calendar	2083
Burmese calendar	901
Byzantine calendar	7047–7048
Chinese calendar	戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 4235 or 4175     — to — 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 4236 or 4176
Coptic calendar	1255–1256
Discordian calendar	2705
Ethiopian calendar	1531–1532
Hebrew calendar	5299–5300
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1595–1596
- Shaka Samvat	1460–1461
- Kali Yuga	4639–4640
Holocene calendar	11539
Igbo calendar	539–540
Iranian calendar	917–918
Islamic calendar	945–946
Japanese calendar	Tenbun 8 (天文８年)
Javanese calendar	1457–1458
Julian calendar	1539 MDXXXIX
Korean calendar	3872
Minguo calendar	373 before ROC 民前373年
Nanakshahi calendar	71
Thai solar calendar	2081–2082
Tibetan calendar	阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1665 or 1284 or 512     — to — 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1666 or 1285 or 513

March: Canterbury Cathedral surrenders.

Events

January–June

• January – Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War – Battle of Naungyo, Burma: The Toungoos decisively defeat the Hanthawaddys.
• January 12 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (and Charles I of Spain) and Francis I of France sign the Treaty of Toledo, agreeing to make no further alliances with England. The treaty comes after Henry VIII of England's split with Rome and Pope Paul III.
• January 14 – Spain annexes Cuba.
• February 9 – The first horse race is held at Chester Racecourse, the oldest in use in England.
• March – Canterbury Cathedral surrenders, and reverts to its previous status of 'a college of secular canons'.
• May 30 – Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay, Florida with 600 soldiers, with the goal to find gold. He also introduces pigs into North America.
• May – The Six Articles, an Act of the Parliament of England, reaffirms certain Catholic principles in Henry VIII's Church of England.[1]
• 26 June – Sher Shah Suri defeats the Mughal emperor, Humayun at Battle of Chausa in modern-day Buxar, India. Sher Shah went on to form the Sur Empire and take control of nearly all Mughal territory.

July–December

• August 15 – King Francis I of France issues the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêt, that places the whole of France under the jurisdiction of the royal law courts, and makes French the language of those courts, and the official language of legal discourse.
• September 7 – Guru Angad Dev becomes the second Guru of the Sikhs.
• October 4 – Henry VIII contracts to marry Anne of Cleves.[2]
• November 1 – Joachim II Hector introduces Lutheranism in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, becoming the second Prince-Elector after the Prince-Elector of Saxony to turn Protestant.

Undated

• Protestant Reformation
  • Lutheranism is forcibly introduced into Iceland, despite the opposition of Bishop Jón Arason.
  • Beaulieu Abbey, Bolton Abbey, Colchester Abbey, Newstead Abbey, St Albans Abbey, St Mary's Abbey, York and Hartland Abbey (the last) fall prey to the Dissolution of the Monasteries in England.
  • The first edition of the Calvinist Genevan Psalter is published.
• In Henan province, China, a severe drought with swarms of locusts is made worse, by a major epidemic outbreak of the plague.
• The first printing press in North America is set up in Mexico City.[3]
• Teseo Ambrogio's Introductio in Chaldaicam lingua, Syriaca atq Armenica, & dece alias linguas, published in Pavia, introduces several Middle Eastern languages to western Europe for the first time.

Births

Franciscus Raphelengius

• January 28 – Nicolò Donato, Doge of Venice (d. 1618)
• February 13 – Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine by marriage (1576-1582) (d. 1582)
• February 23
  • Henry XI of Legnica, thrice Duke of Legnica (d. 1588)
  • Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire as a wife of Emperor Akbar (d. 1613)
• February 27 – Franciscus Raphelengius, Dutch printer (d. 1597)
• March 5 – Christoph Pezel, German theologian (d. 1604)
• March 18 – Maria of Nassau, Countess of Nassau (d. 1599)
• April 5 – George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1603)
• April 6 – Amalia of Neuenahr, German noble (d. 1602)
• April 7 – Tobias Stimmer, Swiss artist (d. 1584)
• April 7 – Strange Jørgenssøn, Norwegian businessman (d. 1610)
• April 30 – Archduchess Barbara of Austria, Austrian archduchess (d. 1572)
• May 22 – Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford (d. 1621)
• May 29 – Thomas Pounde, English Jesuit lay brother (d. 1613)
• June 6 – Catherine Vasa, Regent of East Frisia (1599-1610) (d. 1610)
• June 13 – Jost Amman, Swiss printmaker (d. 1591)
• June 23 – William Darrell of Littlecote, English politician (d. 1589)
• July 4 – Louis VI, Elector Palatine (d. 1583)
• September 18 – Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers, Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (d. 1595)
• October 1 – Peter Vok, Czech noble (d. 1611)
• November 1 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (d. 1596)
• December 5 – Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian (d. 1604)
• December 20 – Paulus Melissus, German composer (d. 1602)
• December 31 – John Radcliffe, English politician (d. 1568)
• date unknown
  • José Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva, Portuguese explorer (d. 1590)
  • Hasegawa Tōhaku, Japanese painter (d. 1610)
  • Laurence Tomson, English Calvinist (d. 1608)
  • Humphrey Gilbert, English adventurer, explorer, member of Parliament and soldier (d. 1583)

Deaths

Isabella d'Este

Saint Anthony Maria Zaccaria

• January 24 – Anneke Esaiasdochter, Dutch Anabaptist writer (b. 1509)
• February 6 – John III, Duke of Cleves (b. 1491)
• February 13 – Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua (b. 1474)[4]
• March 5 – Nuno da Cunha, Portuguese governor in India (b. 1487)
• March 12 – Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, English diplomat and politician (b.1477)
• March 19 – Lord Edmund Howard, English nobleman (b. c. 1478))
• April 17 – George, Duke of Saxony (b. 1471)
• April 19 – Katarzyna Weiglowa, Jewish martyr (b. 1460)
• April 30 – John Bourchier, 1st Earl of Bath, English noble (b. 1470)
• May 1 – Isabella of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1503)
• May 7 – Ottaviano Petrucci, Italian printer (b. 1466)
• May 7 or September 22 – Guru Nanak, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469)
• June 20 – Philip III, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1524–1539) (b. 1486)
• July 5 – St Anthony Maria Zaccaria, Italian saint (b. 1502)
• July 9 – Adrian Fortescue, English Roman Catholic martyr (b. 1476)
• August – Vannoccio Biringuccio, Italian metallurgist (b. 1480)
• September 8 – John Stokesley, English prelate (b. 1475)
• November 14 – Hugh Cook Faringdon, English Abbot of Reading
• December 12 – Bartolomeo degli Organi, Italian musician (b. 1474)
• December 20 – Johannes Lupi, Flemish composer (b. c. 1506)
• date unknown
  • James Beaton, Scottish church leader (b. 1473)
  • Cura Ocllo, Inca queen

References

1. Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1539". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
2. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 210–215. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
3. "The Press in Colonial America" (PDF). A Publisher’s History of American Magazines — Background and Beginnings. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
4. Frieda, Leonie (2013). The deadly sisterhood : a story of women, power and intrigue in the Italian Renaissance, 1427-1527 (Paperback edition. ed.). London: Phoenix. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-7538-2844-1.