1659

1659 (MDCLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1659th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 659th year of the 2nd millennium, the 59th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1650s decade. As of the start of 1659, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century 17th century 18th century
Decades:	1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s
Years:	1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662

1659 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1659 MDCLIX
Ab urbe condita	2412
Armenian calendar	1108 ԹՎ ՌՃԸ
Assyrian calendar	6409
Balinese saka calendar	1580–1581
Bengali calendar	1066
Berber calendar	2609
English Regnal year	10 Cha. 2 – 11 Cha. 2 (Interregnum)
Buddhist calendar	2203
Burmese calendar	1021
Byzantine calendar	7167–7168
Chinese calendar	戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 4355 or 4295     — to — 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 4356 or 4296
Coptic calendar	1375–1376
Discordian calendar	2825
Ethiopian calendar	1651–1652
Hebrew calendar	5419–5420
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1715–1716
- Shaka Samvat	1580–1581
- Kali Yuga	4759–4760
Holocene calendar	11659
Igbo calendar	659–660
Iranian calendar	1037–1038
Islamic calendar	1069–1070
Japanese calendar	Manji 2 (万治２年)
Javanese calendar	1581–1582
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3992
Minguo calendar	253 before ROC 民前253年
Nanakshahi calendar	191
Thai solar calendar	2201–2202
Tibetan calendar	阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1785 or 1404 or 632     — to — 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1786 or 1405 or 633

February 11: Assault on Copenhagen

Events

January–June

• January 14 – Portuguese Restoration War – Battle of the Lines of Elvas: The Portuguese beat the Spanish.
• January 24 – Pierre Corneille's Oedipe premieres in Paris.
• February 2 – Jan van Riebeeck produces the first South African wine, at the Cape of Good Hope.
• February 11 – The Assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back, with heavy losses.
• February 16 – The first known cheque (400 pounds) is written.[1]
• April 22 – Lord Protector Richard Cromwell dissolves the English Parliament.
• May 21 – The Kingdom of France, the Commonwealth of England and the Dutch Republic sign the Concert of The Hague.
• May 25 – Richard Cromwell resigns as English Lord Protector.
• May 31 – The Netherlands, England, and France sign the Treaty of The Hague.
• June 29 – Russo-Polish War (1654–67) – Battle of Konotop: Ivan Vyhovsky, hetman of Ukraine, and his allies defeat the armies of the Tsardom of Russia, led by Aleksey Trubetskoy, in Ukraine.

July–December

• July – Christiaan Huygens's important work on astronomy, Systema Saturnium, is published.[2]
• July 16 – Princess Henriette Catherine of Nassau marries John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, in Groningen.
• September 30 – Peter Stuyvesant of New Netherland forbids tennis playing during religious services (first mention of tennis in what will be the U.S.).
• October 12 – The English Rump Parliament dismisses John Lambert, and other generals.
• October 13 – General-major John Lambert drives out the English Rump-government.
• November 7 – Treaty of the Pyrenees: King Louis XIV of France and King Philip IV of Spain agree to French acquisition of the counties of Roussillon and Upper Cerdanya (Principality of Catalonia) and most of Artois, and formally end their 24-year war.
• November 25 – Dutch forces under Michiel de Ruyter free the Danish city of Nyborg from Swedish conquest (earlier in the year).
• December 16 – General Monck demands free parliamentary elections in Scotland.
• December 26 – The Long Parliament reforms occur in Westminster.

Date unknown

• First British colonists arrive on Saint Helena.
• Spanish Infanta Maria Theresa brings cocoa to Paris.
• Diego Velázquez's portrait of Infanta Maria Theresa is first exhibited.
• Thomas Hobbes publishes De Homine.
• Parisian police raid a monastery, sending monks to prison for eating meat and drinking wine during Lent.
• Drought occurs in India.[3]
• Peter Swink, the first known non-white settler to own land in Massachusetts, and first known African to live in Springfield, Massachusetts, arrives. He holds a seat in the town meetings.

Births

Adriaen van der Werff

Henry Every

Henry Purcell

• January 1 – Margaret Wemyss, 3rd Countess of Wemyss, Scottish noble (d. 1705)
• January 4 – James Pierpont, Connecticut Congregationalist minister, a founder of Yale University (d. 1714)
• January 11 – Ambrose Browne, English politician (d. 1688)
• January 13 – Johann Arnold Nering, German architect (d. 1695)
• January 17
  • Takatsukasa Kanehiro, Japanese court noble of the Edo period (d. 1725)
  • Antonio Veracini, Italian composer (d. 1745)
• January 18 – Damaris Cudworth Masham, English philosopher (d. 1708)
• January 21 – Adriaen van der Werff, Dutch painter (d. 1722)
• January 28 – Sir Samuel Barnardiston, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1709)
• February 1 – Jacob Roggeveen, Dutch Pacific Ocean explorer (d. 1729)
• February 14 – Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (d. 1732)
• February 27 – William Sherard, English botanist (d. 1728)
• March 4 – Pierre Lepautre (1659–1744), French sculptor (d. 1744)
• March 6 – Salomon Franck, German lawyer, scientist and poet (d. 1725)
• March 8 – Isaac de Beausobre, French Protestant pastor (d. 1738)
• March 25 – John Asgill, Irish politician (d. 1738)
• March 26 – William Wollaston, English philosopher (d. 1724)
• April 8 – Christopher Tancred, English politician (d. 1705)
• April 14
  • Albrecht of Saxe-Weissenfels, German prince (d. 1692)
  • William Delaune, English academic administrator and clergyman (d. 1728)
• April 15 – Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt, Swedish general (d. 1719)
• April 16 – Jacques le Moyne de Sainte-Hélène, Canadian soldier (d. 1690)
• April 29
  • Sophia Elisabet Brenner, Swedish writer (d. 1730)
  • Date Tsunamura, Japanese daimyō at the center of the Date Sōdō (d. 1719)
• May 4 – John Dunton, English bookseller and author (d. 1733)
• June 3 – David Gregory, Scottish mathematician and astronomer (d. 1708)
• June 5 – Wolfgang George Frederick von Pfalz-Neuburg, German bishop (d. 1683)
• June 7 – Henry Thompson (1659–1700), English politician and landowner (d. 1700)
• June 11 – Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Japanese samurai (d. 1719)
• June 15 – Claude de Ramezay, Canadian politician (d. 1724)
• June 22 – Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure, French officer and governor of Acadia (d. 1711)
• June 26 – Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1697)
• July 3 – Franz Beer, Austrian architect (d. 1726)
• July 6 – Albert Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (d. 1715)
• July 8 – Justus van Huysum, Dutch painter (d. 1716)
• July 14 – John Hutton (1659–1731), English politician (d. 1731)
• July 16 – Anne Wharton, English poet (d. 1685)
• July 18 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
• July 22 – Noadiah Russell, American colonial clergyman, a founder of Yale University (d. 1713)
• July 28
  • Asano Tsunanaga, Japanese daimyō, ruler of the Hiroshima Domain (d. 1708)
  • Charles Ancillon, French Protestant pastor (d. 1715)
• August 1 – Sebastiano Ricci, Italian painter (d. 1734)
• August 2 – Andrew Archer, English politician (d. 1741)
• August 17 – Robert Challe, French colonialist (d. 1721)
• August 20 – Henry Every, English pirate (d. after 1696)
• September 1 – Domenico Egidio Rossi, Italian architect (d. 1715)
• September 5 – Michel Sarrazin, Canadian scientist (d. 1734)
• September 10 – Henry Purcell, English composer (d. 1695)
• September 12
  • Dirk Maas, Dutch painter (d. 1717)
  • Ferdinand Willem, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, Dutch general and noble (d. 1701)
• September 13 – Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn, Scottish and Irish peer (k. in action 1691)
• September 18 – Caleb Banks, English politician (d. 1696)
• October 13 – George Verney, 12th Baron Willoughby de Broke, English peer and clergyman (d. 1728)
• October 22 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German chemist (d. 1734)
• October 28 – Nicholas Brady (poet), English poet and Anglican clergyman (d. 1726)
• November 3 – Hui-bin Jang, Korean royal consort (d. 1701)
• November 10 – Albert Borgard, Danish artillery and engineer officer (d. 1751)
• November 19 – Jacques-Louis de Valon, French poet (d. 1719)
• December 2 – John Brereton, 4th Baron Brereton, Irish peer (d. 1718)
• December 12 – Francesco Galli Bibiena, Italian architect/designer (d. 1739)
• December 18 – Matthieu Petit-Didier, French Benedictine theologian (d. 1728)
• December 28 – François Catrou, French historian and Jesuit priest (d. 1737)

Deaths

Willem Drost

Abel Tasman

• January 2 – Richard Pepys, English politician (b. 1589)
• January 15 – Juliana of Hesse-Darmstadt, Countess of East Frisia (b. 1606)
• January 16 – Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer (b. 1580)
• February – Willem Drost, Dutch painter and printmaker (b. 1633)
• February 4 – Francis Osborne, English writer (b. 1593)
• February 11 – Guillaume Colletet, French writer (b. 1598)
• February 12 – Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia, Electress of Saxony (b. 1586)
• February 15 – John Arrowsmith, English theologian and academic (b. 1602)
• February 17 – Abel Servien, French diplomat (b. 1593)
• February 27 – Henry Dunster, first President of Harvard College (b. 1609)
• March 9 – Peter Bulkley, English and later American Puritan (b. 1583)
• March 29 – Juan Bautista de Lezana, Spanish theologian (b. 1586)
• April 15 – Simon Dach, German poet (b. 1605)
• May 6 – Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg by marriage (b. 1601)
• May 20 – Étienne de Courcelles, French scholar (b. 1586)
• May 29 – Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick (b. 1611)
• June 3 – Morgan Llwyd, Welsh Puritan preacher and writer (b. 1619)
• June 6 – Nadira Banu Begum, Mughal princess (b. 1618)
• June 21 – Afonso Mendes, Patriarch of Ethiopia (b. 1579)
• June 23 – Hyojong of Joseon, 17th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1649-1659) (b. 1619)
• July – Giulia Tofana, Italian poisoner (executed)
• August 7 – Jonathan Brewster, American settler (b. 1593)
• August 10
  • Eleonora Ramirez di Montalvo, Italian educator (b. 1602)
  • Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (b. 1597)
• August 30
  • Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres, Scottish politician and noble (b. 1618)
  • Dara Shikoh, Indian prince (b. 1615)
• September 8 – Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1622–1659) (b. 1594)
• September 27 – Andreas Tscherning, German poet (b. 1611)
• September 30 – Giovanni Pesaro, Doge of Venice (b. 1589)
• October 1 – Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Spanish politician, clergyman (b. 1600)
• October 8
  • Jean de Quen, French Jesuit missionary and historian (b. c. 1603)
  • Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster, English politician (b. 1584)
• October 10 – Abel Tasman, Dutch explorer (b. 1603)
• October 27 – Giovanni Francesco Busenello, Italian librettist (b. 1598)
• October 31 – John Bradshaw, English judge (b. 1602)
• November 6 – Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, French nobleman, founder of Montreal and an order of nursing Sisters (b. 1597)
• November 7 – Jens Bjelke, Norwegian noble (b. 1580)
• November 10 – Afzal Khan, Indian commander of the Bijapur Adilshahi forces
• December 5 – Fra Bonaventura Bisi, Italian painter (b. 1601)
• December 31
  • János Apáczai Csere, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1625)
  • Alain de Solminihac, French bishop and beatified person (b. 1593)

References

1. On display at Westminster Abbey.
2. Robert D. Huerta (2003). Giants of Delft: Johannes Vermeer and the Natural Philosophers : the Parallel Search for Knowledge During the Age of Discovery. Bucknell University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-8387-5538-9.
3. Khadg Singh Valdiya (2004). Coping with Natural Hazards: Indian Context. Orient Blackswan. p. 219. ISBN 978-81-250-2735-5.