Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland

Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland, 11th Baron Scrope of Bolton (1 August 1584 – 30 May 1630) was an English nobleman. He was Lord President of the King's Council in the North.

Family

He was the only child of Thomas Scrope, 10th Baron Scrope of Bolton, and his wife Philadelphia Carey, sister of Robert Carey and a relative of Elizabeth I of England. He was created Earl of Sunderland on 19 June 1627. In 1609 he married Lady Elizabeth Manners, daughter of John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland and Elizabeth Charlton; they had four children who all died young. He left his estates to his illegitimate children, not his legitimate relatives, thus enriching families such as the Paulets (future Dukes of Bolton) and the Howes (future Earls Howe).

Disposition of estates

By his servant and mistress Martha Jeanes, or Janes, or Jones, alias San(d)ford, he had one son John Jeans Scrope and three daughters, who all survived and left children. Among them, the eldest daughter Mary (d. 1680) married Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton and became Duchess of Bolton; the second daughter Elizabeth (b. 1627) married another peer, the 3rd Earl Rivers; the third daughter named Annabella Scrope (1629–1703) inherited Langar, Nottinghamshire[1] and married John Grubham Howe, later of Langar. Their son Scrope Howe became the 1st Viscount Howe.[2][3] Sunderland left his very considerable unentailed estate and Bolton Castle itself, to his illegitimate son by a settlement dated 20 May 1629;[4] that son dying in 1646 left his estate between his three sisters, and Bolton Castle to his eldest sister Mary.[5] In 1663, Annabella, the only daughter not to be wife of a peer or future peer, was raised by Charles II of England to the rank, style, and dignity of the daughters of an earl, an unusual honour for illegitimate daughters of a mere peer. The eldest daughter Mary inherited and conveyed Bolton Castle to her husband Charles Paulet, who was eventually created Duke of Bolton.[6][7]

In the meantime, the entailed estate passed not to his nearest relative (who was only a relative of the half blood) but to the descendants of his great-aunts. The barony Scrope of Bolton was thus impoverished, and the new holder of that title, as a woman (descended from his aunt of the half-blood), was never summoned to Parliament, nor were her (Catholic) descendants.[8][9]

Having inherited Bolton Castle John, like much of Yorkshire, declared for the King during the English Civil War. From Autumn 1644 until November 1645 the castle was besieged by Parliamentary forces, Sir John surrendering only after the last of the horses and all other animals are eaten, with the garrison inside starving. As punishment the castle was ordered to be slighted with much of it pulled down, and John Scrope fined £7,000.

Descendants

His three daughters Mary, later Marchioness of Winchester; Elizabeth, later Countess Rivers; and Annabella, later Lady Annabella Howe, and all three left children. Bolton Castle is currently owned by the Lord Bolton, a descendant in the female line (through yet another illegitimate daughter) of the 5th Duke of Bolton. Langar was inherited by the Baroness Howe, daughter of Admiral Earl Howe, himself a descendant of Lady Annabella. Lady Howe's eldest surviving son sold Langar in 1818.[10][11][12]

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References

Notes
  1. http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/Brown1896/owthorpe.htm
  2. "Scrope" genealogy. . Retrieved 7 August 2007.
  3. Kristin Scroop. "Emanuel Scrope – Earl of Sunderland, 11th & Last Lord Scrope of Bolton" . Retrieved 7 August 2007.
  4. William Addams Reitwiesner. "Re: Scrope genealogy? ? ?" Usenet group alt.talk.royalty, 7 March 2001.. Retrieved 7 August 2007
  5. Kristin Scroop. "John Scrope" . Retrieved 7 August 2007.
  6. Kristin Scroop. "Mary Scrope of Bolton"
  7. "The history of Bolton – part 2". Archived 30 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 7 August 2007.
  8. McNeill, Ronald John (1911). "Scrope" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 484.
  9. Some Descendants of the Scrope heirs of line. . Retrieved 7 August 2007
  10. "their son and heir, Richard William Pen[sic] Asheton Curzon, who sold this estate in 1818, and was created Earl Howe in 1821."
  11. The history of Langar. . Retrieved 7 August 2007
  12. Langar Hall was stripped of its treasures by Baroness Howe and her husband, and a new house built in 1835. This house was sold to another family in 1860. The owner Thomas Bayley of Lenton Abbey and Langar Hall died in 1906. Archived 9 May 2005 at the Wayback Machine. The house is now a private hotel, run by Imogen ___, a descendant of the family that arrived at Langar 150 years ago.
Political offices
Preceded by
The Lord Sheffield		 Lord Lieutenant of Yorkshire
1619–1628		 Succeeded by
Sir Thomas Wentworth
Peerage of England
New title Earl of Sunderland
1627–1630		 Extinct
Preceded by
Thomas Scrope		 Baron Scrope of Bolton
1609–1630		 Dormant
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