1669

1669 (MDCLXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1669th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 669th year of the 2nd millennium, the 69th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1660s decade. As of the start of 1669, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century 17th century 18th century
Decades:	1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s
Years:	1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672

1669 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1669 MDCLXIX
Ab urbe condita	2422
Armenian calendar	1118 ԹՎ ՌՃԺԸ
Assyrian calendar	6419
Balinese saka calendar	1590–1591
Bengali calendar	1076
Berber calendar	2619
English Regnal year	20 Cha. 2 – 21 Cha. 2
Buddhist calendar	2213
Burmese calendar	1031
Byzantine calendar	7177–7178
Chinese calendar	戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 4365 or 4305     — to — 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 4366 or 4306
Coptic calendar	1385–1386
Discordian calendar	2835
Ethiopian calendar	1661–1662
Hebrew calendar	5429–5430
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1725–1726
- Shaka Samvat	1590–1591
- Kali Yuga	4769–4770
Holocene calendar	11669
Igbo calendar	669–670
Iranian calendar	1047–1048
Islamic calendar	1079–1080
Japanese calendar	Kanbun 8 (寛文８年)
Javanese calendar	1591–1592
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	4002
Minguo calendar	243 before ROC 民前243年
Nanakshahi calendar	201
Thai solar calendar	2211–2212
Tibetan calendar	阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) 1795 or 1414 or 642     — to — 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1796 or 1415 or 643

September 27: After 21 years the Siege of Candia ends.

Events

January–June

• March 11 – Mount Etna erupts, destroying the Sicilian town of Nicolosi.[1]
• May 31 – Samuel Pepys stops writing his diary.[2]
• June 22 – Roux de Marsilly, accused of plotting the assassination of King Louis XIV of France, is publicly tortured in Paris, France.
• June 25 – François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort, disappears in battle, during the Siege of Candia in Crete.

July–December

• July – The Hanseatic League, after 400 years of operation, holds its last official meeting in Lübeck.
• September 6 – Francesco Morosini, capitano generale of the Venetian forces in the Siege of Candia, surrenders to the Ottomans.
• September 23 – Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor grants the status and privileges of a university to the Jesuit Academy in Zagreb, the precursor to the modern University of Zagreb.

Date unknown

• Shakushain's revolt breaks out in Hokkaido, Japan.
• Mughal emperor Aurangzeb destroys several Hindu temples (e.g. Kashi Vishwanath and Kesava Deo), and prohibits the whole religion, leading to Hindu rebellion.
• Ottoman units burn the eastern part of Kolárovo.
• The Chinese Kangxi Emperor allows coastal residents deported in the Great Clearance of 1662 to return home.
• Famine in Bengal kills 3 million people.
• Phosphorus is discovered by German alchemist Hennig Brand, the first chemical element to be discovered that was not known since ancient times.[3]
• Antonio Stradivari makes his first violin in Cremona.
• Okaya & Co. is founded as Sasaya, a trading company in Nagoya, Japan.
• The Chinese herbal medicine company Tong Ren Tang (同仁堂) is established in Beijing.
• Blaise Pascal's Pensées is posthumously published in Paris.
• Jan Swammerdam publishes his Algemeene Verhandeling van de bloedeloose dierkens, a groundbreaking work in microscopy, as well as entomology.
• The Orange College of Breda is wound up.
• Jean Picard begins measurement of 1 degree of Earth's meridian arc in France.

Births

Susanna Wesley

Anne Marie d'Orléans

• January 20 – Susanna Wesley, mother of the John and Charles Wesley, known as mother of Methodism (d. 1742)
• April 3 – Jean-Baptiste Forqueray, French musician (d. 1722)
• May 24 – Emerentia von Düben, Swedish royal favorite (d. 1743)
• May 26 – Sébastien Vaillant, French botanist (d. 1722)
• July 30 – Eudoxia Lopukhina, first wife of Peter I of Russia (d. 1731)
• August 27 – Anne Marie d'Orléans, Queen of Sicily and Sardinia (d. 1728)
• August 29 – John Anstis, English herald (d. 1744)
• October 19 – Count Wirich Philipp von Daun, Austrian military leader (d. 1741)
• December 16 – Arnold Boonen, Dutch portrait painter (d. 1729)
• date unknown
  • Alessio Erardi, Maltese painter (d. 1727)[4]
  • Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter (d. 1732)
  • Elżbieta Sieniawska, politically influential Polish magnate (d. 1729)
• probable – Peter King, 1st Baron King, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1734)

Deaths

Rembrandt

• January 27 – Gaspar de Crayer, Flemish painter (b. 1584)
• February 3 – Catharina Questiers, Dutch poet (b. 1631)
• February 13 – Peter Venables, English politician (b. 1604)
• February 23 – Lieuwe van Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (b. 1600)
• March 10 – John Denham, English poet (b. 1615)
• March 12 – Cornelis Jan Witsen, Mayor of Amsterdam (b. 1605)
• March 17 – Willem van der Zaan, Dutch admiral (b. 1621)
• March 23 – Philipp Buchner, German composer (b. 1614)
• March 25 – Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet, English baronet (b. 1624)
• April 4 – Johann Michael Moscherosch, German statesman, satirist (b. 1601)
• April 5 – Nabeshima Naozumi, Japanese daimyō (b. 1616)
• April 12 – Abdias Treu, German mathematician and academic (b. 1597)
• April 22 – Friedrich Wilhelm II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1639–1669) (b. 1603)
• April 23 – Johannes Canuti Lenaeus, archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden (b. 1573)
• April 27 – Richard Treat, American city founder (b. 1584)
• May 1 – Isaac Thornton, English politician (b. 1615)
• May 14 – Georges de Scudéry, French writer (b. 1601)
• May 16 – Pietro da Cortona, Italian artist (b. 1596)
• June 25 – François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort, French soldier (b. 1616)
• July 16 – Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire, English politician (b. 1587)
• July 29 – Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen, major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (b. 1636)
• August 18 – William Gawdy, English politician (b. 1612)
• August 28 – Sir William Drake, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1606)
• September 3 – Esteban Manuel de Villegas, Spanish poet (b. 1589)
• September 10 – Henrietta Maria of France, queen of Charles I of England (b. 1609)
• September 28 – Pierre Le Muet, French architect (b. 1591)
• October 4 – Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Dutch painter (b. 1606)
• October 9 – Richard Strode, English politician (b. 1584)
• October 14 – Antonio Cesti, Italian composer (b. 1623)
• October 16 – John Trapp, English theologian (b. 1601)
• October 19
  • Domenico Fiasella, Italian painter (b. 1589)
  • Matthias Sention, Sr., Connecticut settler (b. 1601)
• October 24 – William Prynne, English Puritan leader (b. 1600)
• November 3 – Charles Drelincourt, French Protestant divine (b. 1595)
• November 4 – Johannes Cocceius, Dutch theologian (b. 1603)
• November 7 – Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1622)
• November 10 – Elisabeth Pepys, English wife of Samuel Pepys (b. 1640)
• December 9 – Pope Clement IX (b. 1600)
• December 11 – Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, consort of Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (b. 1627)
• December 13 – Thomas Dyke, English politician (b. 1619)
• December 16 – Nathaniel Fiennes, English politician (b. c. 1608)
• December 18 – Johann Philipp of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German nobleman (b. 1626)
• December 25 – George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (b. 1591)
• December 31 – Bogusław Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (b. 1620)

References

1. "Mount Etna | Eruptions, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 7, 2019.
2. "Pepys' last words". The Telegraph. May 31, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
3. Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. II. Elements known to the alchemists". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (1): 11. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9...11W. doi:10.1021/ed009p11.
4. Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F. Pietà: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. p. 755. ISBN 9789993291329.