Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England

The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales.

Timeline

January 2020

• 31 January – The first two cases of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in the United Kingdom are confirmed.[1]

February 2020

• 6 February – A third case of coronavirus is confirmed in the UK.[2]
• 10 February – The total number of cases in the UK reaches eight as four further cases are confirmed in people linked to an affected man from Brighton.[3][4]
• 11 February – A ninth case is confirmed in London.[5]
• 23 February – The DHSC confirms a total of 13 cases in the UK as four new cases in passengers on the cruise ship Diamond Princess are detected. They are transferred to hospitals in the UK.[6]
• 28 February – The first British death from the disease is confirmed by the Japanese Health Ministry; a man quarantined on the Diamond Princess cruise ship.[7]

March 2020

• 5 March – The first death from coronavirus in the UK is confirmed,[8] as the number of cases exceeds 100, with a total of 115 having tested positive. England's Chief Medical Officer, Chris Whitty, tells MPs that the UK has now moved to the second stage of dealing with COVID-19 – from "containment" to the "delay" phase.[9]
• 8 March – A third death from coronavirus is reported, at North Manchester General Hospital, as the number of cases in the UK reaches 273, the largest single-day increase so far.[10]
• 11 March – The Bank of England cuts its baseline interest rate from 0.75% to 0.25%, back down to the lowest level in history.[11]
• 12 March – Public Health England stops performing contact tracing, as widespread infections overwhelm capacity.[12][13]
• 13 March –
  • The Premier League 2019–2020 season is suspended, amid a growing list of worldwide sporting cancellations and postponements due to COVID-19.[14]
  • Elections including the English local elections, London mayoral election and police and crime commissioner elections, scheduled for May 2020, are postponed for a year because of the coronavirus.[15]
• 17 March – NHS England announces that from 15 April all non-urgent operations in England will be postponed, to free up 30,000 beds to help tackle the virus.[16]
• 20 March –
  • Northwick Park Hospital in Harrow declares a "critical incident" due to a surge in patients with coronavirus.[17]
  • Prime Minister Boris Johnson orders all cafes, pubs and restaurants to close from the evening of 20 March, except for take-away food, to tackle coronavirus. All the UK's nightclubs, theatres, cinemas, gyms and leisure centres are told to close "as soon as they reasonably can".[18]
• 21 March –
  • The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Business Closure) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 327) come into legal effect at 2pm, enforcing the closure in England of businesses selling food and drink for consumption on the premises, as well as a range of other businesses such as nightclubs and indoor leisure centres where a high risk of infection could be expected.
  • NHS England negotiates a cost-price "block booking" of almost all services and facilities at the country's private hospitals, involving around 8,000 hospital beds, nearly 1,200 ventilators, and more than 10,000 nurses.[19]
• 22 March – Boris Johnson warns that "tougher measures" may be introduced if people do not follow government advice on social distancing.[20]
• 23 March –
  • In a televised address, Boris Johnson announces a UK-wide partial lockdown, to contain the spread of the virus. The British public are instructed that they must stay at home, except for certain "very limited purposes" – shopping for basic necessities; for "one form of exercise a day"; for any medical need; and to travel to and from work when "absolutely necessary". However, when these restrictions came into force on 26 March, the statutory instrument for England omitted any limit on the number of exercise sessions.[21] A number of other restrictions are imposed, with police given powers to enforce the measures, including the use of fines.[22][23][24]
  • Pride in London, the UK's largest LGBT Pride festival, scheduled for 27 June, is the latest event to be postponed. It is one of a hundred pride events to be postponed or cancelled in the UK.[25]
• 24 March –
  • Health Secretary Matt Hancock announces the government will open a temporary hospital, the NHS Nightingale Hospital at the ExCeL London, to add extra critical care capacity in response to coronavirus pandemic.[26]
  • The Church of England closes all its buildings.[27]
• 25 March –
  • The police will be given the power to use "reasonable force" to enforce the lockdown regulations.[28]
  • Routine dental care is suspended in England.[29][30]
• 26 March –
  • The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 350) (the 'Lockdown Regulations') come into effect, significantly extending the range of businesses that are required by law to close with immediate effect including all retail businesses not on an approved list. These regulations also include significant restrictions on freedom of movement: "no person may leave the place where they are living without reasonable excuse".[31]
  • The 2020 Isle of Wight and Download music festivals, scheduled for June, are cancelled.[32] The organisers of the Download festival subsequently announce plans to hold a virtual festival to be held on the dates it would have happened, and featuring streamed performances and interviews.[33]

April 2020

• 2 April – Matt Hancock sets a target of carrying out 100,000 tests a day by the end of the month (encompassing both swab tests and blood tests).[34]
• 3 April – NHS Nightingale Hospital London, the first temporary hospital to treat coronavirus patients, opens at the ExCel centre in East London, employing NHS staff and military personnel, with 500 beds and potential capacity for 4,000. It is the first of several such facilities planned across the UK.[35]
• 5 April – Manchester City football club begins a disciplinary procedure against Kyle Walker after it was reported that he broke lockdown rules by inviting two sex workers to his home.[36][37]
• 10 April –
  • Jonathan Van-Tam, England's deputy chief medical officer, tells the UK Government's daily briefing the lockdown is "beginning to pay off" but the UK is still in a "dangerous situation", and although cases in London have started to drop they are still rising in Yorkshire and the North East.[38]
  • Beginning today, England's Care Quality Commission requires care homes to state in daily death notifications whether the death was a result of confirmed or suspected COVID-19. The CQC has not previously published statistics; the data will in future be included in weekly reports from the Office of National Statistics.[39]
• 11 April –
  • The number of people in London hospitals for COVID-19 reaches its peak, according to week-on-week change data; elsewhere in the country, patient numbers continue to increase, although the rate of increase is slowing.[40]
  • Occupancy of critical care beds in England peaks at around 58% of capacity. Occupancy in the month of April for Scotland and Wales will only briefly exceed 40%, while Northern Ireland reported a peak of 51% early in the month.[41]
• 15 April –
  • Health Secretary Matt Hancock announces new guidelines that will allow close family members to see dying relatives in order to say goodbye to them. Hancock also launches a new network to provide personal protective equipment to care home staff.[42]
  • NHS England and the Care Quality Commission begin rolling out tests for care home staff and residents as it is reported the number of care home deaths are rising but that official figures, which rely on death certificates, are not reflecting the full extent of the problem. Helen Whately, the Minister for Social Care, says that the government are aware the figures are being understated.[43]
• 16 April – The NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham, at the National Exhibition Centre, is officially opened by Prince William.[44]
• 17 April –
  • Matt Hancock confirms coronavirus tests will be rolled out to cover more public service staff such as police officers, firefighters and prison staff.[45]
  • Later analysis of death registrations (all causes) in England and Wales by the Office for National Statistics finds the highest total this week, which at 21,805 is 207% of the five-year average for the same week. COVID-19 is mentioned in 8,730 cases.[46]
• 20 April –
  • To protect bus drivers, Transport for London puts buses' front doors out of use, requiring passengers to board through the middle doors. Passengers are no longer required to pay, so that they do not need to use the card reader near the driver.[47]
  • Prof Dame Angela Maclean, the UK's deputy chief scientific adviser, says the number of confirmed cases is "flattening out".[48] The number of people in hospital for COVID-19 has begun to fall in Scotland, Wales and every region of England, with significant falls in London and the Midlands.[49]
• 22 April – The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (SI 447) come into effect, correcting errors in the original lockdown regulations and allowing some visits to burial grounds and gardens of remembrance.
• 23 April –
  • A study involving 20,000 households in England, coordinated by the Office for National Statistics, will track the progress of COVID-19 and seek to better understand infection and immunity levels, with volunteers asked to provide nose and throat swabs on a regular basis to determine whether they have the virus.[50]
  • Matt Hancock states that daily test capacity has reached 51,000, and announces that all key workers and members of their households are now eligible for COVID-19 tests and will be able to book tests through the government website from the following day.[51] Tests will be conducted at drive-through centres or using home testing kits,[52] while mobile testing units operated by the armed forces would increase in number from the present eight to 92, with a further four operated by civilians in Northern Ireland.[53]
  • Hancock also announces preparations to reactivate contact tracing in a later phase of the outbreak, including the recruitment of 18,000 contact tracers to greatly supplement Public Health England's staff.[51]
• 28 April – Testing capacity reaches 73,000 per day, although only 43,000 were carried out the previous day. Matt Hancock announces that testing will be expanded from the following day to include all care home workers, and people (and their family members) with symptoms who must leave home for their job or are aged over 65.[54]

May 2020

• 1 May – Matt Hancock confirms the government's target of providing (but not necessarily completing) 100,000 tests a day by the end of April has been met, with 122,347 provided over the previous 24 hours.[55]
• 2 May – Some recycling centres, including those in Greater Manchester, begin to reopen after six weeks.[56]
• 5 May – NHS Nightingale Hospital North East, a temporary critical care hospital built near Sunderland for COVID-19 patients, is officially opened by Health Secretary Matt Hancock. The virtual ceremony features TV celebrities Ant and Dec, football pundit Alan Shearer and cricketer Ben Stokes.[57]
• 7 May –
  • Baroness Dido Harding, chair of NHS Improvement and former CEO of TalkTalk, is appointed to lead the government's programme of testing and tracing, supported by John Newton of Public Health England.[58] Testing will be led by Sarah-Jane Marsh, chief executive of Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals, and tracing will be led by Tom Riordan, chief executive of Leeds City Council.[59]
  • The 2020 Notting Hill Carnival, scheduled for the August Bank Holiday weekend, is cancelled because of the COVID-19 outbreak.[60]
• 10 May –
  • The UK government updates its coronavirus message from "stay at home, protect the NHS, save lives" to "stay alert, control the virus, save lives". The Opposition Labour Party expresses concern the slogan could be confusing, and leaders of the devolved governments in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland say they will keep the original slogan.[61]
  • A new alert scale system is announced, ranging from green (level one) to red (level five), similar to the UK's Terror Threat Levels.[62]
  • A recorded address by Boris Johnson is broadcast at 7pm in which he outlines a "conditional plan" to reopen society, but says it is "not the time simply to end the lockdown this week", and describes the plans as "the first careful steps to modify our measures". Those who cannot work from home, such as construction workers and those in manufacturing, are encouraged to return to work from the following day, but to avoid public transport if possible. The guidance on the number of outdoor exercise periods will be lifted from Wednesday 13 May.[63]
  • Outlining future easing of restrictions, Johnson says "step two" – no sooner than 1 June – would include reopening some shops and the return of primary school pupils, beginning with reception, Year 1 and Year 6; and that secondary pupils facing exams next year would get some time in school before the summer holiday. "Step three" – at the earliest by July – would begin the reopening of the hospitality industry and other public places.[64]
• 11 May –
  • The UK government publishes a 50-page document setting out further details of the phases for lifting the lockdown restrictions. Boris Johnson gives further details as he makes his first statement on the virus to Parliament.[65][66]
  • Amid concerns about the safety of people returning to work, Johnson tells the Downing Street daily briefing he is not expecting a "sudden big flood" of people returning to work, and that companies will have to prove they have introduced safety measures before they can reopen.[67]
  • The UK government advises people in England to wear face coverings in enclosed spaces where social distancing is not possible, such as on public transport and in shops.[68]
  • Teaching unions express their concern at government plans to reopen schools on 1 June, describing them as "reckless" and unsafe.[69]
• 12 May – The Reading and Leeds Festivals, scheduled for the weekend of 28–30 August, are cancelled because of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak.[70]
• 13 May – The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (Amendment No. 2) Regulations 2020 (SI 500) come into effect, allowing the re-opening of garden centres, sports courts and recycling centres. In addition to outdoor exercise, open-air recreation is also permitted with no more than one member of another household. Government announcements gloss these with the (non-enforceable) requirement that social distancing must be practised. House moves and viewings are also permitted.[71]
• 14 May –
  • A total of 126,064 tests for COVID-19 have been conducted in the most recent 24 hour period, the highest number to date.[72]
  • Figures compiled by NHS England giving a breakdown of underlying health conditions among COVID-19 hospital fatalities between 31 March and 12 May indicate one in four had diabetes. Other common health conditions were dementia (18%), serious breathing problems (15%), chronic kidney disease (14%), and ischaemic heart disease (10%).[73]
  • The Office for National Statistics publishes results of the early phase of a survey programme in England. From swab tests between 27 April and 10 May, they estimate that 148,000 people, or 0.27% of the population, had COVID-19 at any given time during those two weeks (95% confidence interval: 94,000 to 222,000).[74] This implies roughly 10,000 new cases per day.[75] No significant difference is found between broad age groups. Their estimate for people working in healthcare or social care is higher, at 1.33% (confidence interval: 0.39% to 3.28%). The survey does not include people in hospital or care homes, where rates of infection are likely to be higher still.[74]
  • Public Health England approves a blood test developed by Roche Diagnostics that can detect COVID-19 antibodies.[76]
  • Transport for London is given £1.6bn of emergency government funding to keep bus and tube services running until September.[77]
• 15 May –
  • A report on deaths in care homes in England and Wales from the Office for National Statistics finds 9,039 deaths between 2 March and 1 May, and a further 3,444 deaths of residents in hospital. In this period, COVID-19 was involved in 27% of all deaths of care home residents. Since the last week of March, non-COVID deaths have been higher than previous years; deaths of residents from all causes peaked around 14 April.[78]
  • Matt Hancock announces that every resident and staff member in care homes in England will be tested for COVID-19 by early June.[79]
  • Government scientists and teaching unions hold talks in a bid to safely reopen schools.[80] The British Medical Association voices its support for the unions over their concerns about the safety of resuming classes.[81]
• 16 May – Anne Longfield, the Children's Commissioner for England, urges the government and teaching unions to "stop squabbling and agree a plan" to reopen schools, warning that the closure of schools is impacting negatively on disadvantaged children.[82]
• 17 May – In an article for The Mail on Sunday, Boris Johnson acknowledges frustrations with the government's "stay alert" message for England, but urges the public to be patient as the lockdown measures are eased.[83]
• 18 May –
  • The London congestion charge is reinstated, and buses in London begin charging passenger fares once again. As part of the £1.6bn deal to bail out Transport for London, the congestion charge will also rise from £11.50 to £15 from 22 June.[84]
  • Jury trials resume at a handful of courts in England and Wales, having been suspended since the beginning of the lockdown restrictions.[85]
  • The 2020 Chelsea Flower Show begins, and is held as a virtual festival for the first time.[86]
  • English Premier League football clubs vote to allow teams to begin training in small groups from the following day as a step towards restarting football in England.[87]
• 20 May –
  • At Prime Minister's Questions, Boris Johnson confirms that a track and trace system will be in place from 1 June.[88]
  • The Government faces mounting pressure from councils and teaching unions to reconsider its plans to reopen primary schools from 1 June. Robert Buckland, the Secretary of State for Justice, says the Government is taking all concerns "very seriously">[89]
  • Figures released by Public Health England indicate no new coronavirus cases were reported in London over the 24-hour period up to Monday 18 May.[90]
• 24 May –
  • Samples from blood donors in London during the past week (reported by Public Health England on 4 June) show antibodies indicating exposure to COVID-19 in around 16% of people.[91]
  • Boris Johnson confirms plans (outlined on 10 May) for the phased reopening of schools in England from 1 June: from that date, they will reopen for early years pupils, Reception, Year 1 and Year 6. For the first time he states that from 15 June a quarter of Year 10 and Year 12 students will be allowed "some contact" to help prepare for exams.[92]
• 25 May –
  • Boris Johnson outlines plans to reopen car showrooms and outdoor markets from 1 June, and for all non-essential shops to reopen from 15 June.[93]
  • Weston General Hospital in Somerset temporarily stops admitting new patients because of a high number of COVID-19 cases.[94]
  • The Football Association confirms that the 2019–20 Women's Super League and 2019–20 Women's Championship have ended immediately, with the outcome of winners and relegations to be decided.[95]
• 27 May –
  • Boris Johnson states that a test and trace system will be operational in England from the following day.[96]
  • Premier League football clubs vote to resume contact training.[97]
• 28 May –
  • Contact tracing systems go live in England and Scotland – NHS Test and Trace in England, and Test and Protect in Scotland.[98] However, Dido Harding tells MPs the system in England will not be "fully operational at a local level" until the end of June.[99][100]
  • Johnson says the government's five tests have been met, and from 1 June in England groups of up to six people will be able to meet outdoors in gardens and outdoor private spaces.[101] Dental practices will be allowed to reopen from 8 June.[30]
  • Premier League clubs agree to restart games on 17 June, with two matches – Aston Villa v Sheffield United and Manchester City v Arsenal.[102] All 92 remaining matches from the season will air live on television.[103]
• 29 May – A rehabilitation centre for COVID-19 patients receives its first patients. NHS Seacole, based at Headley Court in Surrey, is named for the British-Jamaican nurse Mary Seacole.[104]
• 30 May – Boris Johnson announces a relaxing of lockdown restrictions for the 2.2 million people who have been "shielding" in their homes, with them allowed outdoors with members of their household from 1 June. Those who live alone can meet one other person outside.[105]
• 31 May – Some scientists express their concern about the logic of relaxing lockdown rules for those shielding at home in England.[106] In response Robert Jenryck tells the Downing Street daily briefing he is "reasonably confident" the measures are "manageable" but the room for manoeuvre is limited.[107]

June 2020

• 1 June –
  • The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (Amendment No. 3) Regulations 2020 (SI 558) come into effect, again without prior parliamentary scrutiny. Car and caravan showrooms, outdoor sports amenities and outdoor non-food markets may reopen. The prohibitions on leaving home are replaced by a prohibition on staying overnight away from home, with certain specific exceptions. Gatherings of people from more than one household are limited to six people outdoors and are prohibited entirely indoors, with exceptions including education. There are further exemptions for elite athletes.[108]
  • As primary schools reopen in England, headteachers report a varied attendance rate of between 40% and 70%.[109]
• Furniture retailer Ikea reopens 19 of its UK stores.[110]
  • Horse racing becomes the first sport to return in England after a gap of 76 days, with the first meeting at Newcastle.[111] Snooker also returns.[112]
• 2 June –
  • Public Health England releases its report into the disproportionately high number of people from ethnic minorities dying from COVID-19. The report finds that age, sex, health, geographical circumstances and ethnicity are all risk factors, with those of Bangladeshi origin experiencing a particularly high number of fatalities.[113]
  • The England and Wales Cricket Board confirms England will play three test matches against the West Indies starting on 8 July.[114]
• 4 June – Transport Secretary Grant Shapps announces that face coverings will be compulsory on public transport from 15 June. Very young children, disabled people and those with breathing difficulties will be exempt from this requirement.[115]
• 5 June –
  • Sir Patrick Vallance, the UK's Government Chief Scientific Adviser, says the R number is between 0.7 and 0.9, but could be as high as 1 in some areas of England. His comments come after figures from the Office for National Statistics suggest the reproductive rate is between 0.7 and 1 for England.[116]
  • The UK government's ban on tenant evictions in England and Wales is extended by two months to 23 August.[117]
  • Chelsea are declared the winners of the 2019–20 Women's Super League after the season finished early, while Liverpool are relegated.[118] The 2020–21 season is scheduled to start on 5–6 September.[119]
  • Premiership Rugby announce plans to restart their 2019–20 season on Saturday 15 August, assuming it is safe to do so.[120]
• 7 June – The weekly surveillance report by Public Health England (published 11 June) concludes that the week ending today has "no significant overall excess all-cause mortality". Acute respiratory outbreaks in care homes continue to decline, but there is a small increase in outbreaks in hospitals. New seroprevalence data finds antibodies indicating exposure to COVID-19 in around 4% of blood donors in the South East and East England in the previous week.[121]
• 8 June – The Department of Health and Social Care extends availability of tests to all adult care homes, not just those for over-65s, and states there is capacity to send homes over 50,000 test kits a day.[122]
• 9 June –
  • The UK government drops plans for all primary school children to return to school before the end of the summer term, describing it as unfeasible.[123]
  • The English League One and League Two seasons are finished early following a vote by clubs in both football leagues.[124]
• 10 June –
  • Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces a further easing of lockdown measures in England from 13 June that will allow people living alone to spend time in one other household as part of a "support bubble". The group will be treated as if they are all part of one household so social distancing will not apply, but they cannot switch the household with which they are in a bubble or choose multiple households, and these new rules do not apply to people who are shielding, who must continue to isolate.[125]
  • Johnson announces that plans are being drawn up for a school catch-up programme over the summer months that will allow schoolchildren to catch up with missed schoolwork, with the plans to be outlined by Education Secretary Gavin Williamson shortly.[126]
• 11 June –
  • Figures published by the Department of Health and Social Care indicate that in NHS Test and Trace's first week of operation, 31,700 contacts were identified, of whom 26,900 (85%) were reached and asked to self-isolate. Details of these contacts were provided by two-thirds of the 8,117 people who tested positive during this time and had their case transferred to the system.[127]
  • Figures from NHS England show the pandemic's impact on cancer care. The number of people being assessed by a cancer specialist after referral fell by 60% in April when compared to 2019, with 79,500 referrals. In the same month patients beginning treatment fell by 20% to 10,800 when compared with April 2019.[128]
  • The government comes under pressure from Conservative Party backbench MPs to reduce the two metre social distancing rule, which they feel is damaging the economy.[129]
• 13 June – Parts of the Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (Amendment No. 4) Regulations 2020 (SI 588) come into effect. In England and Northern Ireland, households with one adult may now become linked with one other household of any size, allowing them to be treated as one for the purpose of permitted gatherings. This also allows the members of one household to stay overnight at the home of the other. The government refers to this as a ”support bubble”.[130] The rules on gatherings are also relaxed to allow medical appointments and births to be accompanied, and to permit some visits to people in hospital, hospices and care homes.
• 14 June –
  • Prime Minister Boris Johnson commissions a review into the 2-metre social distancing rule, amid concerns its continuation may make large parts of the hospitality industry not viable. The review will be completed before 4 July, when pubs and cafes are scheduled to reopen.[131]
  • On the eve of the reopening of non-essential retailers, Johnson urges people to "shop, and shop with confidence".[132]
• 15 June –
  • The remainder of the Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (Amendment No. 4) Regulations 2020 (SI 588) come into effect, allowing the general re-opening of English retail shops and public-facing businesses apart from those that are on a list of specific exclusions such as restaurants, bars, pubs, nightclubs, most cinemas, theatres, museums, hairdressers, indoor sports and leisure facilities. Outdoor animal-related attractions such as farms, zoos and safari parks may open. Places of worship may again be used for private prayer (but not for communal worship). English libraries still have to remain closed.
  • The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Wearing of Face Coverings on Public Transport) (England) Regulations 2020 come into effect, requiring travellers on public transport in England to wear a face covering.[133][134]
  • Secondary school pupils in England from Year Ten and Year Twelve return to school.[135]
  • The 2020 Great North Run, scheduled for 13 September, is cancelled because of the COVID-19 outbreak.[136]
• 16 June – The UK government announces that the school meals voucher scheme will be extended to cover the summer holidays, allowing 1.3 million disadvantaged children to access free meals during the holidays. The decision is a reversal of an earlier decision to suspend the programme during the holidays.[137]
• 17 June – English Premier League football returns after a 100-day absence.[138]
• 19 June –
  • The UK government announces a £1bn fund to help children in England to catch up with work they have missed while schools have been closed.[139] Education Secretary Gavin Williamson also confirms that all children will return to full-time schooling in September.[140]
  • Dr. David Rosser, chief executive of the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHB), England's largest hospital trust, confirms there are no COVID-19 patients in the trust's intensive care units for the first time since March. He also says there are signs COVID patients “don’t seem as sick, on average, as they were”.[141]
• 22 June – The UK government announces that the 2.2 million people in England who have been shielding since the beginning of lockdown will no longer need to do so from 1 August. From 6 July they will be able to meet up outside with up to five other people and form a "support bubble" with another household.[142]
• 23 June –
  • Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces that social distancing rules for England will be relaxed from 4 July, with people required to stay a metre apart but advised to maintain two metres distance whenever possible. He also confirms that pubs, restaurants, hotels and hairdressers can reopen on the same day, but social distancing must be maintained. Spas, nail bars and gyms are among premises that must continue to remain closed. Two households can also meet up indoors from 4 July, and need not be exclusive to each other like the bubble system. Weddings with up to 30 guests will also be permitted.[143]
  • In a bid to assuage concerns from the fitness industry that gyms will not be opening on 4 July, Culture Secretary Oliver Dowden subsequently announces on Twitter that the government hopes to reopen gyms in mid-July.[144][145]
• 25 June –
  • The UK government announces plans to relax rules for England and Wales allowing pubs and restaurants to utilise outdoor spaces such as terraces, pavements and car parks, while outdoor markets and fetes will no longer need planning permission.[146]
  • Figures from NHS Test and Trace indicate that in its first three weeks of operation in excess of 100,000 people have been asked to self-isolate after being contacted by contact tracers, while the service has contacted three quarters of the people whose details have been supplied to it.[147]
  • The UK government publishes a five-stage plan for reopening theatres.[148] But it is quickly criticised by theatre unions as "meaningless" and "woeful" because it contains no provisions for investment in the performing arts.[149]
• 26 June – Merseyside Police issue a disporsal order after fans of Liverpool Football Club gather for a second night of celebration after the team won the Premier League title the previous day.[150]
• 28 June – Home Secretary Priti Patel confirms a Sunday Times report that the government is considering imposing a local lockdown on Leicester, which has seen a spike in COVID-19 cases. Of the 2,494 cases reported in the city, 658 of them (around 25%) occurred in the two weeks preceding 16 June.[151]
• 29 June –
  • Following a spike in COVID-19 cases in Leicester, Health Secretary Matt Hancock announces the reintroduction of stricter lockdown measures for the city, including the closure of non-essential retailers from the following day, and the closure of schools from 2 July. People in Leicester are advised to stay at home as much as possible, while it is recommended that all but essential travel to, from and within the city should be avoided.[152][153] Of the 2,987 positive cases in Leicester since the pandemic began, 866 (29%) were reported in the two weeks preceding 23 June,[154] while Hancock says Leicester accounted for "10% of all positive cases in the country over the past week".[155] Sir Peter Soulsby, the Mayor of Leicester has criticises a lack of communication between the UK government and Leicester City Council which he describes as "intensely frustrating".[156]
  • The UK government publishes guidelines for weddings in England, which are permitted from 4 July. Up to thirty people can attend, but without singing and without a reception to follow the ceremony.[157]
  • The England and Wales Cricket Board confirms that the 2020 County Championship season will begin on 1 August.[158]
• 30 June – *England's exam regulator, Ofqual, says that any GCSE or A Level student who is unhappy with the results they are given will be able to sit exams in all subjects in the autumn.[159] GCSE exams in Maths and English Language only will also be available in early 2021, if needed to cope with demand.[160]

July 2020

• 1 July –
  • Following the reintroduction of stricter lockdown measures in Leicester, a number of local councils take to social media in an attempt to dispel false rumours that local lockdowns are imminent in their areas.[161]
  • A report by Public Health England concludes that there was no obvious source for the spike in COVID-19 cases in Leicester.[162]
• 2 July – Education Secretary Gavin Williamson announces the UK government's safety plans for getting schools in England fully operational in time for September. The plans include keeping classes and whole years separate in "bubbles", and providing schools with home test kits to provide to families of children who develop symptoms. Mobile testing units will also be deployed to schools in an instance of a COVID-19 case being confirmed.[163]
• 3 July –
  • The UK government publishes a list of 59 countries for which quarantine will not apply when arriving back in England as from 10 July. They include Greece, France, Belgium and Spain, but Portugal and the United States are among those not on the list. These changes do not apply to Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland, where quarantine restrictions remain in place for all arrivals from outside the UK.[164]
  • The UK government rushes The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Leicester) Regulations 2020 through parliament to give police the powers to enforce lockdown restrictions in Leicester as from 4 July.[165][166]
  • Public Health England starts including "pillar 1" and "pillar 2" cases for local authorities in England, an adjustment expected to show an apparent rise in cases in many places.[167]
  • On the eve of the latest easing of lockdown restrictions for England, Prime Minister Boris Johnson describes the changes as the "biggest step yet on the road to recovery", and warns the public not to let reopening businesses down by ignoring social distancing rules. He also said that local lockdown measures rather than national restrictions may be imposed to control the virus.[168]
  • Boris Johnson announces that recreational cricket can resume in England from 11 July.[169]
• 4 July –
  • The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) Regulations 2020 come into force in England, replacing and relaxing the previous Lockdown Regulations (SI 350), and giving the Secretary of State powers to make declarations restricting access to public outdoor places. Leicester is excluded from the relaxations due to its high rate of COVID-19, with more stringent regulations in force.[170]
  • Re-opening hairdressing salons announce a variety of safety measures, including the need for customers to book online, to wait outside for the appointment, and to wear a face covering. Hairdresser in some salons will wear protective equipment, and alternate workstations will remain unused. Some will cease to offer dry cuts.[171]
• 5 July –
  • In an interview with the BBC, Sir Simon Stevens, the Chief Executive of NHS England, says that COVID-19 has shone a "very harsh spotlight" on the "resilience" of the care system, and that adequate plans to fund social care should be in place within a year.[172]
  • The UK government announces new quarantine exemption rules for participants in major sporting events, as well as film and television productions, allowing them to resume. The rules apply to England, where participants will need to work in a controlled environment and be tested for COVID-19.[173]
• 6 July – As concerns about increasing unemployment grow, the UK government announces a £111m scheme to help firms in England provide an extra 30,000 trainee places; £21m will be provided to fund similar schemes in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.[174]
• 7 July – Three pubs in Yorkshire, Hampshire and Somerset that reopened on 4 July close again after customers tested positive for COVID-19.[175]
• 8 July – Hillingdon Hospital in Uxbridge closes its Accident and Emergency Department due to an outbreak of COVID-19, while 70 members of staff at the hospital go into self-isolation.[176]
• 9 July –
  • Two sets of data are released that show the number of cases of COVID-19 are falling in England; Office for National Statistics figures estimate one in 3,900 people have the virus, down from one in 2,200 the previous week, while Public Health England figures indicate that cases fell by 25% in the week to 5 July.[177]
  • Culture Secretary Oliver Dowden announces that swimming pools, gyms, grassroots sport, close contact businesses and outdoor theatre can return in England with the following programme: Outdoor pools to reopen from 11 July; grassroots sport to resume from the weekend of 11 July, beginning with cricket; outdoor theatre to resume from 11 July; beauticians, tattooists, spas, tanning salons and other close contact services to reopen from 13 July "subject to some restrictions"; and indoor gyms, swimming pools and sports facilities to reopen from 25 July. In addition, a small pilot of indoor performances with socially distanced audiences will take place to assess the best way to restart them.[178]
• 10 July –
  • As the wearing of face coverings becomes mandatory in shops in Scotland, the UK Government considers whether to introduce the same rule for shops in England. The Prime Minister is seen in public wearing one.[179][180]
  • Bosses at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, one of the UK's leading production theatres, warn that the theatre is at risk of losing 47 of its staff members (about 40% of its workforce), and is in danger of closing because of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.[181]
• 11 July –
  • Parts of The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 come into effect, allowing outdoor swimming pools and water parks to re-open. Operators of outdoor swimming pools, many of them community groups and charities, criticise the UK government's timing, citing a lack of preparation time that has made a short summer season "unviable".[182]
  • Belgium includes Leicester on its "red zone" list, meaning anyone who has recently visited the city will be required to quarantine for 14 days on arrival in Belgium.[183]
• 12 July –
  • Michael Gove, the Minister for the Cabinet Office, says he does not believe it should be compulsory to wear face coverings in shops in England, but to do so is "basic good manners".[184]
  • 73 workers at a farm in Herefordshire have tested positive for COVID-19, requiring the rest of the farm's 200 or so workers to self-isolate.[185]
• 13 July –
  • The remainder of The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 comes into effect, allowing the re-opening of nail bars and salons, tanning booths and salons, spas and beauty salons, massage parlours, tattoo parlours, and body and skin piercing services.[186][187]
  • The Prime Minister says that people "should be wearing" face coverings in shops in England, and the UK government will decide in the next few days whether "tools of enforcement" are required to ensure that they do.[188]
• 14 July –
  • The UK government announces that the wearing of face coverings will become compulsory in shops and supermarkets in England from 24 July. Those who fail to do so will face a fine of up to £100. Health Secretary Matt Hancock says the move will "give people more confidence to shop safely and enhance protections for those who work in shops".[189]
  • In a bid to avoid a full Leicester-style lockdown, the unitary authority of Blackburn with Darwen introduces a series of tighter measures that must be observed for the next month following a spike in COVID-19 cases in the area. These include tighter limits on visitors from another household, and a recommendation to bump elbows rather than hugs or shaking hands.[190]
  • A piece by the street artist Banksy appears on a London Underground train, encouraging people to wear face coverings.[191] The artwork, titled If You Don't Mask, You Don't Get, is subsequently removed by cleaners who were unaware of the identity of its creator.[192]
• 15 July – Health Secretary Matt Hancock confirms there are no plans to make the wearing of face coverings compulsory for office workers in England.[193]
• 16 July – Education Secretary Gavin Williamson announces plans for an emergency loans scheme for universities in England in danger of bankruptcy because of the financial impact of the pandemic. The announcement comes after a report by the Institute of Fiscal Studies identified 13 unnamed universities facing financial difficulties.[194]
  • The Borough of Pendle in Lancashire introduces extra social distancing precautions to help stem a local rise in COVID-19 cases and avoid full lockdown.[195]
  • Health Secretary Matt Hancock announces that restrictions relating to schools and nurseries in Leicester will be lifted from 24 July after a fall in cases in the city. But bars and restaurants will remain closed, and restrictions on gatherings and visitors will continue.[196]
• 17 July –
  • The Prime Minister announces a further easing of lockdown restrictions for England, with plans for a "significant return to normality" by Christmas. The new guidelines allow people to use public transport for non-essential journeys with immediate effect, while employers will have more discretion over their work places from 1 August.[197] From 18 July, local authorities will have the power to enforce local shutdowns.[198]
  • Johnson announces an extra £3bn for the NHS in England to help prepare for a possible second wave of COVID-19 over the coming winter.[199]
  • Johnson announces a pilot scheme for a return to spectator sports, with a view to a full return by 1 October. The 2020 World Snooker Championship and the Glorious Goodwood Festival are among the first two sporting events to be part of the pilot.[200] A pilot scheme is also announced for a return to indoor performances with socially distanced audiences at theatres, music and performance venues, with a view to a full return in August.[201]
  • Health Secretary Matt Hancock calls for a review of the way COVID-19 deaths are recorded in England after Public Health England confirms it records deaths as COVID related even if the death occurs several months after someone has tested positive for the virus; the other Home Nations do not record a death as COVID related if it occurs more than 28 days after a positive test.[202]
  • Rochdale introduces extra social distancing precautions to avoid full lockdown following a rise in COVID-19 cases in the area.[203]
• 18 July –
  • The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (No. 3) Regulations 2020 come into force, giving local authorities in England new powers to close shops and outdoor public spaces, and to cancel events in order to control COVID-19.[204]
  • A pub in Manchester becomes one of the first venues to stage a live gig since as lockdown measures continue to be eased.[205]
• 19 July – Concerns are raised about England's contact-tracing system as it emerges that at least 50% of the people identified as having had close contact with someone in Blackburn who has tested positive for COVID-19 have not been contacted.[206]
• 20 July – Figures released by Public Health England show that Blackburn with Darwen is overtaking Leicester as England's COVID-19 hotspot, with 79.2 cases per 100,000 in the week up to 17 July. Cases have almost doubled from 63 to 118 in a week.[207]
• 22 July –
  • The UK government permits visits to care homes to resume in England, but recommends one constant visitor per resident, and gives local authorities and public health directors responsibility for giving the go-ahead to individual homes.[208]
  • Driving tests resume in England.[209]
• 23 July –
  • On the eve of the introduction of new regulations for the wearing of face coverings in England, the UK Government releases full guidelines on when and where they should be worn.[210]
  • A network of COVID walk-in test centres will be established throughout England, with a view to being fully operational by the end of October.[211]
  • Residents in Blackburn and Luton are told the latest round of lockdown easing will not be allowed in those towns due to a high number of COVID-19 cases.[212]
• 24 July –
  • The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Wearing of Face Coverings in a Relevant Place) (England) Regulations 2020 come into force, requiring members of the public to wear a face covering in most indoor shops, shopping centres, banks, post offices and public transport hubs. They must also be worn by anyone buying takeaway food or drink from an outlet, but may be removed by those eating in. Children under 11, and people with disabilities or certain health conditions that would make the wearing of a face covering difficult are exempt.[210][213] The new regulations are similar to The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Wearing of Face Coverings on Public Transport) (England) Regulations 2020, which came into force on 15 June 2020.
  • The Football Association confirms that the 2020–21 English Premier League and Football League season will begin on 12 September.[214]
  • The list of countries from where travellers do not have to quarantine when arriving in England is updated, adding Estonia, Latvia, Slovakia, Slovenia and St Vincent and the Grenadines; travellers from Portugal must still isolate for 14 days.[215]
  • The UK government announces that 30 million people in England will be offered the flu vaccine over the coming winter.[216]
  • It is reported that, as a result of the pandemic and job losses, almost 1,000 people have applied to a restaurant in Manchester advertising a vacancy for a receptionist.[217]
• 25 July –
  • With the coming into force of The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2020, indoor gyms, swimming pools and other indoor sports facilities begin to reopen.[218]
  • Public Health England warns that being obese and overweight puts people at greater risk of severe illness or death as a result of COVID-19.[219]
  • The UK government announces £2.25m worth of emergency funding for small music venues in England, which will be shared by 150 venues.[220]
  • Following a rise in COVID-19 cases in Spain, and concerns of a second wave, the UK Government confirms that travellers returning to England from Spain will be required to quarantine for 14 days from 26 July.[221]
• 26 July –
  • 21 people have tested positive for COVID-19 at a caravan park in Craven Arms, Shropshire, with health experts warning the number of cases will rise.[222]
  • Westminster Abbey has warned it is set to make 20% of its staff redundant after losing as much as £12m in tourist revenue because of the lockdown.[223]
• 27 July – A concrete-making plant involved in the construction of the Hinkley Point nuclear processing plant is closed by owners Balfour Beatty following an outbreak ot COVID-19 at the site.[224]
• 28 July –
  • Oldham introduces tougher restrictions to curb the virus after a spike in cases; residents are asked to refrain from having social visitors, keep two metres apart when outside, and those who are shielding are asked to continue to do so until 14 August, while care homes will not relax restrictions.[225]
  • Folk musician Frank Turner plays a gig to an audience of 200 at London's Clapham Grand where safety measures are trialled for the return of live music. But the venue's manager says the format is not economically viable as it would not allow venues to make enough money to cover operating costs.[226]
• 30 July –
  • Office for National Statistics figures indicate that England had the highest number of excess deaths in Europe between the end of February and mid-June, and had the second highest peak in number of deaths behind Spain.[227]
  • Restrictions are placed on Greater Manchester, and parts of East Lancashire and Yorkshire prohibiting separate households from meeting indoors following an "increasing rate of transmission" in those areas caused by people failing to adhere to social distancing rules. The restrictions take effect from midnight.[228]
• 31 July –
  • Prime Minister Boris Johnson postpones some lockdown easing measures scheduled to begin on 1 August for two weeks amid concerns about rising COVID-19 cases. Bowling alleys and casinos will remain closed until 15 August, while wedding receptions of up to 30 people are also moved back to that date. Trials of spectator sporting events are also paused. From 8 August the wearing of face coverings in more indoor settings, such as cinemas and places of worship will become mandatory.[229]
  • The ONS household survey indicates COVID-19 cases in England are rising again, with an increase from 2,800 to 4,200 daily cases in the week of 20–26 July.[230]
  • Pubs, restaurants and hairdressers are given permission to reopen from Monday 3 August.[231]

August 2020

• 1 August –
  • The shielding programme is paused for England and Scotland, but will continue for the areas where extra precautions have been introduced.[232]
  • Professor Graham Medley, one of the scientists advising the government, suggests a "trade-off" may be required to allow schools to reopen in England, whereby pubs or "other facilities" have to close.[233]
  • Local authorities warn of the difficulty of enforcing social distancing rules on beaches after a spell of hot weather results in an influx of people to the coast.[234]
• 2 August –
  • A major incident is declared in Greater Manchester after rises in coronavirus infection rates.[235][236]
  • Housing Minister Robert Jenrick says that reopening schools in England for September is an "absolute priority" for the government.[237]
• 3 August – Restaurants, pubs and hairdressers in Leicester are allowed to reopen as lockdown restrictions are eased in the city.[238]
• 5 August –
  • Anne Longfield, England's children's commissioner, says that schools should be the "first to open, last to close" in any future lockdown scenario, because children pose a lesser risk of spreading COVID-19.[239]
  • Tahir Malik resigns as mayor of Luton for breaching lockdown restrictions after being pictured at a garden party with two other councillors.[240]
  • Figures released by Transport for London indicate its staff caught 53,900 people not wearing a mask on its buses between 4 July and 2 August.[241]
• 6 August –
  • 50 million face masks bought by the UK government for use by NHS England in April will not be used due to safety concerns, officials confirm. the masks, which fasten rather than having head loops do not fit tightly enough.[242]
  • Officials state that a second attempt at creating a contact-tracing app for England has almost reached the testing phase.[243]
• 7 August – Lockdown measures are reintroduced in Preston, Lancashire, effective from midnight and following a spike in COVID-19 cases there. They include banning households from meeting up with each other at home.[244]
• 8 August –
  • The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Wearing of Face Coverings in a Relevant Place) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 come into effect, extending the range of indoor locations where a face covering has to be worn to include indoor places of worship, community centres, crematoria and burial ground chapels, public areas in hotels, public halls including concert and exhibition halls, cinemas, museums, galleries, aquariums, indoor zoos and visitor farms, indoor parts of tourist, heritage or cultural sites, bingo halls, and public libraries.[245]
  • The rise in COVID cases among those under 30 in the Preston area prompts authorities to launch the "Don't kill Granny" slogan.[246]
• 9 August –
  • Writing in The Mail on Sunday, Prime Minister Boris Johnson says there is a "moral duty" to get all children in England back to school in September.[247]
  • Andy Burnham, the Mayor of Greater Manchester, warns that pubs may have to close to allow schools to reopen safely if England's NHS Test and Trace is not "fixed urgently". His comments come after data suggests a 53% local success rate in tracing those who have had contact with a person testing positive for COVID-19.[248]
• 10 August – The UK government announces that NHS Test and Trace will shrink its contact tracers from 18,000 to 12,000 by the end of August, with the remainder working in teams alongside local public health officials in the community, where they will visit those who have come into contact with an infected person. The strategy has been deployed successfully in places like Blackburn and Luton.[249]
• 12 August – Education Secretary Gavin Williamson apologises to every school pupil for "the disruption that they've had to suffer" because of the pandemic, and says the best thing that can happen now is for them all to return to school.[250]
• 13 August –
  • England's revamped contact-tracing app begins public trials,[251] with residents of the Isle of Wight, the London Borough of Newham, and NHS volunteer responders being the first to test it.[252]
  • Workers at a sandwich factory in Northampton are self-isolating following an outbreak of COVID-19 at the plant.[253]
  • A Level results are published. In England, 36% of results are lower than teachers predicted, with 3% being two grades lower.[254]
  • Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces a further easing of lockdown measures for England from 15 August, with a greater range of beauty treatments, indoor gigs and wedding receptions of up to 30 permitted, as well as the reopening of bowling alleys, casinos and soft play centres. Potential fines for refusing to wear a mask and the organisers or illegal raves are also to be increased.[255]
• 14 August –
  • Office for National Statistics figures indicate cases of COVID-19 appear to have stabilised in England following a small increase in July, and despite local clusters of cases. The latest statistics show an estimated 1 in 1,900 in England, or 28,300 people, have the virus.[256]
  • Government figures indicate the R number to be between 0.8 and 1 in England, but members of the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) that advises the government, say they are not confident the number is below 1.[257]
  • The Department of Health and Social Care confirms that lockdown restrictions are to remain in Greater Manchester and parts of East Lancashire as cases have not decreased in the area. Restrictions are also to continue in parts of West Yorkshire and Leicester.[258]
• 15 August –
  • Education Secretary Gavin Williamson confirms A Level and GCSE appeals will be free.[259]
  • Liverpool's Cavern Club, famous for launching the career of The Beatles, has reported it faces financial ruin because of the COVID-19 pandemic, having lost an estimated £30,000 a week since lockdown began in March.[260]
• 16 August – The Sunday Telegraph reports that Public Health England is to be replaced by a new organisation tasked with protecting the UK against future pandemics.[261]
• 17 August – The UK government announces that A Level and GCSE students in England will have their results based on teachers' assessments following uproar over grades.[262]

See also

• Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
• Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland
• Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales
• Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland

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