COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh

The COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Bangladesh in March 2020. The first three known cases were reported on 8 March 2020 by the country's epidemiology institute, IEDCR. Since then, the pandemic has spread day by day over the whole nation and the number of affected people has been increasing.

COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationBangladesh
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseNarayanganj & Madaripur (Hospitalized in Dhaka)[1]
Arrival date8 March 2020
Confirmed cases269,115[2]
Recovered154,871[2]
Deaths
3,557[2]
Government website
corona.gov.bd

In order to protect the population, the government declared "lockdown" throughout the nation from 23 March to 30 May and prepared some necessary steps to spread awareness to keep this syndrome away from them.[3] Infections remained low until the end of March but saw a steep rise in April.[4] In the week ending on 11 April, new cases in Bangladesh grew by 1,155 percent, the highest in Asia, ahead of Indonesia, with 186 percent.[5] On 6 May, cases were confirmed in all districts. Rangamati was the last district to report confirmed cases of COVID-19. On 13 June, the number of cases in Bangladesh exceeded the number of cases in China, the country where the outbreak began. Bangladesh reached two grim milestones of 160,000 cases and 2,000 deaths on 5 July and overtook France in terms of the number of cases two days later. The number of recoveries in the country exceeded the number of active cases on 12 July.

Bangladesh is the third most affected country in South Asia, after India and Pakistan.[6]

Medical experts feared that not enough tests were being conducted.[7][8] Newspaper reports and social media continued to report about additional deaths of patients with COVID-19 symptoms. Some of the deceased were treated at COVID-19 isolation centres at hospitals in the districts and others were denied treatment, though no tests were conducted to confirm contagion.[9] For a long time, testing was centralised to only Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) in the capital Dhaka, although patients with symptoms were reported all around the country.[10] On 22 March, Bangladesh declared a 10-day shut down effective from 26 March to 4 April.[11] This was later extended to 30 May.[12]

A series of hotline numbers, email address and the Facebook page of the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) are provided for people to contact if they suspect COVID-19 infection or need more information.[13]

Background

On 31 December 2019, China reported to the WHO cases of pneumonia with unknown causes. On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.[14][15] The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,[16][17] but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[18][16]

Bangladesh faces significant challenges in combating COVID-19 as it is a densely populated country and also houses a million stateless Rohingya refugees in sprawling refugee camps that are conducive to the spread of epidemics. It also has significant migrant populations living in Italy, a COVID-affected country.[19][20]

Timeline

COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh  ()
     Deaths        Recoveries        Active cases

Mar Mar Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Last 15 days Last 15 days

Date
# of cases
# of deaths
2020-03-08 3(n.a.)
3(=)
2020-03-15 5(+67%)
2020-03-16
8(+60%)
2020-03-17
10(+25%)
2020-03-18
14(+40%) 1(n.a.)
2020-03-19
17(+21%) 1(=)
2020-03-20
20(+18%) 1(=)
2020-03-21
24(+20%) 2(+100%)
2020-03-22
27(+12%) 2(=)
2020-03-23
33(+22%) 2(=)
2020-03-24
39(+18%) 2(=)
2020-03-25
39(=) 2(=)
2020-03-26
44(+13%) 2(=)
2020-03-27
48(+9.1%) 2(=)
2020-03-28
48(=) 2(=)
2020-03-29
48(=) 5(+150%)
2020-03-30
49(+2.1%) 5(=)
2020-03-31
51(+4.1%) 5(=)
2020-04-01
54(+5.9%) 6(+20%)
2020-04-02
56(+3.7%) 6(=)
2020-04-03
61(+8.9%) 6(=)
2020-04-04
70(+15%) 8(+33%)
2020-04-05
88(+26%) 9(+12%)
2020-04-06
123(+40%) 12(+33%)
2020-04-07
164(+33%) 17(+42%)
2020-04-08
218(+33%) 20(+18%)
2020-04-09
330(+51%) 21(+5%)
2020-04-10
424(+28%) 27(+29%)
2020-04-11
482(+14%) 30(+11%)
2020-04-12
621(+29%) 34(+13%)
2020-04-13
803(+29%) 39(+15%)
2020-04-14
1,012(+26%) 46(+18%)
2020-04-15
1,280(+26%) 50(+8.7%)
2020-04-16
1,572(+23%) 60(+20%)
2020-04-17
1,838(+17%) 75(+25%)
2020-04-18
2,144(+17%) 84(+12%)
2020-04-19
2,456(+15%) 91(+8.3%)
2020-04-20
2,948(+20%) 101(+11%)
2020-04-21
3,382(+15%) 110(+8.9%)
2020-04-22
3,772(+12%) 120(+9.1%)
2020-04-23
4,186(+11%) 127(+5.8%)
2020-04-24
4,689(+12%) 131(+3.1%)
2020-04-25
4,998(+6.6%) 140(+6.9%)
2020-04-26
5,416(+8.4%) 145(+3.6%)
2020-04-27
5,913(+9.2%) 152(+4.8%)
2020-04-28
6,462(+9.3%) 155(+2%)
2020-04-29
7,103(+9.9%) 163(+5.2%)
2020-04-30
7,667(+7.9%) 168(+3.1%)
2020-05-01
8,238(+7.4%) 170(+1.2%)
2020-05-02
8,790(+6.7%) 175(+2.9%)
2020-05-03
9,455(+7.6%) 177(+1.1%)
2020-05-04
10,143(+7.3%) 182(+2.8%)
2020-05-05
10,929(+7.7%) 183(+0.55%)
2020-05-06
11,719(+7.2%) 186(+1.6%)
2020-05-07
12,425(+6%) 199(+7%)
2020-05-08
13,134(+5.7%) 206(+3.5%)
2020-05-09
13,770(+4.8%) 214(+3.9%)
2020-05-10
14,657(+6.4%) 228(+6.5%)
2020-05-11
15,691(+7.1%) 239(+4.8%)
2020-05-12
16,660(+6.2%) 250(+4.6%)
2020-05-13
17,822(+7%) 269(+7.6%)
2020-05-14
18,863(+5.8%) 283(+5.2%)
2020-05-15
20,065(+6.4%) 298(+5.3%)
2020-05-16
20,995(+4.6%) 314(+5.4%)
2020-05-17
22,268(+6.1%) 328(+4.5%)
2020-05-18
23,870(+7.2%) 349(+6.4%)
2020-05-19
25,121(+5.2%) 370(+6%)
2020-05-20
26,738(+6.4%) 386(+4.3%)
2020-05-21
28,511(+6.6%) 408(+5.7%)
2020-05-22
30,205(+5.9%) 432(+5.9%)
2020-05-23
32,078(+6.2%) 452(+4.6%)
2020-05-24
33,610(+4.8%) 480(+6.2%)
2020-05-25
35,585(+5.9%) 501(+4.4%)
2020-05-26
36,751(+3.3%) 522(+4.2%)
2020-05-27
38,292(+4.2%) 544(+4.2%)
2020-05-28
40,321(+5.3%) 559(+2.8%)
2020-05-29
42,844(+6.3%) 582(+4.1%)
2020-05-30
44,608(+4.1%) 610(+4.8%)
2020-05-31
47,153(+5.7%) 650(+6.6%)
2020-06-01
49,534(+5%) 672(+3.4%)
2020-06-02
52,445(+5.9%) 709(+5.5%)
2020-06-03
55,140(+5.1%) 746(+5.2%)
2020-06-04
57,563(+4.4%) 781(+4.7%)
2020-06-05
60,391(+4.9%) 811(+3.8%)
2020-06-06
63,026(+4.4%) 846(+4.3%)
2020-06-07
65,769(+4.4%) 888(+5%)
2020-06-08
68,504(+4.2%) 930(+4.7%)
2020-06-09
71,675(+4.6%) 975(+4.8%)
2020-06-10
74,865(+4.5%) 1,012(+3.8%)
2020-06-11
78,052(+4.3%) 1,049(+3.7%)
2020-06-12
81,523(+4.4%) 1,095(+4.4%)
2020-06-13
84,379(+3.5%) 1,139(+4%)
2020-06-14
87,520(+3.7%) 1,171(+2.8%)
2020-06-15
90,619(+3.5%) 1,209(+3.2%)
2020-06-16
94,481(+4.3%) 1,262(+4.4%)
2020-06-17
98,489(+4.2%) 1,305(+3.4%)
2020-06-18
102,292(+3.9%) 1,343(+2.9%)
2020-06-19
105,535(+3.2%) 1,388(+3.4%)
2020-06-20
108,775(+3.1%) 1,425(+2.7%)
2020-06-21
112,306(+3.2%) 1,464(+2.7%)
2020-06-22
115,786(+3.1%) 1,502(+2.6%)
2020-06-23
119,198(+2.9%) 1,545(+2.9%)
2020-06-24
122,660(+2.9%) 1,582(+2.4%)
2020-06-25
126,606(+3.2%) 1,621(+2.5%)
2020-06-26
130,474(+3.1%) 1,661(+2.5%)
2020-06-27
133,978(+2.7%) 1,695(+2%)
2020-06-28
137,787(+2.8%) 1,738(+2.5%)
2020-06-29
141,801(+2.9%) 1,783(+2.6%)
2020-06-30
145,483(+2.6%) 1,847(+3.6%)
2020-07-01
149,258(+2.6%) 1,888(+2.2%)
2020-07-02
153,277(+2.7%) 1,926(+2%)
2020-07-03
156,391(+2%) 1,968(+2.2%)
2020-07-04
159,679(+2.1%) 1,997(+1.5%)
2020-07-05
162,417(+1.7%) 2,052(+2.8%)
2020-07-06
165,618(+2%) 2,096(+2.1%)
2020-07-07
168,645(+1.8%) 2,151(+2.6%)
2020-07-08
172,134(+2.1%) 2,197(+2.1%)
2020-07-09
175,494(+2%) 2,238(+1.9%)
2020-07-10
178,443(+1.7%) 2,275(+1.7%)
2020-07-11
181,129(+1.5%) 2,305(+1.3%)
2020-07-12
183,795(+1.5%) 2,352(+2%)
2020-07-13
186,894(+1.7%) 2,391(+1.7%)
2020-07-14
190,057(+1.7%) 2,424(+1.4%)
2020-07-15
193,590(+1.9%) 2,457(+1.4%)
2020-07-16
196,323(+1.4%) 2,496(+1.6%)
2020-07-17
199,357(+1.5%) 2,547(+2%)
2020-07-18
202,066(+1.4%) 2,581(+1.3%)
2020-07-19
204,525(+1.2%) 2,618(+1.4%)
2020-07-20
207,420(+1.4%) 2,659(+1.6%)
2020-07-21
210,525(+1.5%) 2,709(+1.9%)
2020-07-22
213,254(+1.3%) 2,751(+1.6%)
2020-07-23
216,110(+1.3%) 2,801(+1.8%)
2020-07-24
218,658(+1.2%) 2,836(+1.2%)
2020-07-25
221,178(+1.2%) 2,874(+1.3%)
2020-07-26
223,453(+1%) 2,928(+1.9%)
2020-07-27
226,225(+1.2%) 2,965(+1.3%)
2020-07-28
229,185(+1.3%) 3,000(+1.2%)
2020-07-29
232,194(+1.3%) 3,035(+1.2%)
2020-07-30
234,889(+1.2%) 3,083(+1.6%)
2020-07-31
237,661(+1.2%) 3,111(+0.91%)
2020-08-01
239,740(+0.87%) 3,132(+0.68%)
2020-08-02
240,746(+0.42%) 3,154(+0.7%)
2020-08-03
242,102(+0.56%) 3,184(+0.95%)
2020-08-04
244,020(+0.79%) 3,234(+1.6%)
2020-08-05
246,674(+1.1%) 3,267(+1%)
2020-08-06
249,204(+1%) 3,306(+1.2%)
2020-08-07
252,502(+1.3%) 3,333(+0.82%)
2020-08-08
255,113(+1%) 3,365(+0.96%)
2020-08-09
257,600(+0.97%) 3,399(+1%)
2020-08-10
260,507(+1.1%) 3,438(+1.1%)
2020-08-11
263,503(+1.2%) 3,471(+0.96%)
2020-08-12
266,498(+1.1%) 3,513(+1.2%)
2020-08-13
269,115(+0.98%) 3,557(+1.3%)
2020-08-14
271,881(+1%) 3,591(+0.96%)
2020-08-15
274,525(+0.97%) 3,625(+0.95%)
2020-08-16
276,549(+0.74%) 3,657(+0.88%)
2020-08-17
279,144(+0.94%) 3,694(+1%)
2020-08-18
282,344(+1.1%) 3,740(+1.2%)
Sources: [21][22][23]

January

On 22 January, the authorities at the Dhaka airport put the airports on alert by screening travellers from China.[24][25]

February

On 1 February, a special flight from Bangladesh evacuated 312 Bangladeshi citizens stranded in Wuhan.[26] The evacuees were quarantined for 14 days at the Ashkona Hajj Camp in Dhaka and other locations.[27][28] None of them tested positive for the coronavirus.[29][30]

March

On 8 March, the first three coronavirus cases were confirmed.[31] They included two men that recently returned from Italy and a female relative.[32] On the same day, the government decided to scale down the grand ceremony planned for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's birth centenary on 17 March.[33]

On 15 March 142 passengers returned from Italy, who were also taken to the Ashkona Hajj camp. After they complained about the unsanitary conditions there, many of them were allowed to go home with advice to self-isolate. Health experts expressed serious reservations about the action.[34]

On 18 March, Bangladesh reported its first coronavirus death. The patient was aged over 70 and had other morbidities.[35] By the end of March Bangladesh had reported 51 confirmed cases and five deaths.

The government imposed "general holiday" (i.e. general lock-down) came into effect on 26 March, it was announced on 23 March and initially stated to be in place until 4 April.[36]

April

The "general holiday" (lock-down) due to end on 4 April was extended to April 11, then to April 14, then to April 25 and then again to May 5.[37] Bangladesh crossed the figure of 100 confirmed cases on 6 April and 1,000 confirmed cases on 14 April. On 20 April, the number of confirmed deaths crossed 100.[38]

May

The "general holiday' (lockdown) was extended to May 7, then to May 16 and finally to May 30, with the government announcing on May 27 there will be no further extension.[37] On the topic of easing the lockdown measures, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said "Economic activities have to be resumed for the sake of the lives and livelihoods of people. Most countries of the world have already been compelled to relax shutdown because it is not possible to restrict people's source of income for an indefinite period. And it is not at all possible for a developing country like Bangladesh too."[37]

June

On June 18, the number of confirmed cases crossed 100,000 (one lakh) people.[39]

July

On July 18, the number of confirmed cases crossed 200,000 (two lakh) people.[40]

Government response

Social distancing measures

A poster promoting social distancing

On 23 March, when Bangladesh had 33 confirmed cases, the government declared a ten-day nationwide holiday for the period 26 March – 4 April, ordering all public and private offices to be closed, with the exception for emergency services. People have been asked to practice social distancing and stay at home. Public transport would be limited and advice was given to avoid them.[41] The measure has been described as a "lockdown" by the media,[42][43] albeit a "relaxed" one.[44] The government asked the Army to ensure social distancing.[45] ABC News Australia reported that 290 teams of soldiers were deployed across the country, that streets were empty in the capital Dhaka and the roadside shops were closed. It also said that thousands of people left Dhaka for their home villages.[46]

The "general holiday" (lockdown) was extended several times throughout April and May, until officially ceasing on 30 May 2020.[37] Ending the lockdown appears to have been primarily driven by concerns regarding its economic impact, with Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina saying "Economic activities have to be resumed for the sake of the lives and livelihoods of people. Most countries of the world have already been compelled to relax shutdown because it is not possible to restrict people's source of income for an indefinite period. And it is not at all possible for a developing country like Bangladesh too."[37]

On 9 April, Bangladesh imposed a 'complete lockdown' on the Cox's Bazar District where the majority of the Rohingya refugee camps are located. "No entry, no exit – until the situation improves", said the government directive.[47]

Repatriation of Bangladeshi citizens

On 31 January, a special flight of Biman Bangladesh Airlines with special quarantine, three physicians, a nurse, and required medical equipment on board flew to Wuhan, China to evacuate stranded Bangladeshi citizens.[26]

On 1 February 312 Bangladeshi citizens (297 were adults and 15 children) stranded in Wuhan, China were evacuated and brought back to Bangladesh. Most of the Bangladeshis were students and PhD researchers at different universities in the Hubei province in China where their provincial government launched multiple screening tests before allowing them to get on board the plane. Majority of the evacuees were quarantined for 14 days at the Hajj Camp in Ashkona in Dhaka and some at the Combined Military Hospital before being released two weeks later.[27][28] None of these returnees from Wuhan China were tested positive for coronavirus.[29][30]

Travel and entry restrictions

On 22 January, the authorities at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (HSIA) in Dhaka reported that they had put the airports on alert to prevent the spread of coronavirus in Bangladesh by screening travelers from China, where the virus had at that time infected nearly 300 people and killed six people. The airport claimed to turn on its thermal scanner to scan passengers to detect any infection in passengers traveling from China.[24] A.H.M. Touhid-ul Ahsan, director of the main Shahjalal International Airport, said doctors at the airport would look for fevers, coughs, breathing difficulties and sore throats. The country's Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research were to be notified of any passengers with symptoms for further examination, he said.[25]

On 2 February, the government of Bangladesh decided to suspend on-arrival visas for Chinese visitors[48] The Chittagong port also announced that as a precautionary measure to prevent the spread of coronavirus from the ships that bring goods from around the world, the port health officer would examine all sailors of the ships coming from the East Asian countries.[49]

On 14 March, on-arrival visas were suspended for all countries, and flights from all European countries other than the United Kingdom were stopped.[50] This reportedly increased tourist traffic at the beaches in Chittagong and Cox's Bazar, counteracting the government measure.[19]

International flights began to resume from Dhaka airport on 16 June 2020, with only Qatar Airways and Biman Bangladesh Airlines initially permitted to fly.[51] On 24 June, Emirates resumed flights to Dhaka, on a reduced capacity.[52]

Recovery

On 3 May, according to new guidelines, the total number of recoveries in Bangladesh crossed 1,000 marks by surging sharply. In the beginning of June, over 10,000 coronavirus patients recovered so far. Two weeks later, on 15 June, the first day of monsoon, Bangladesh reported over 15,000 recoveries, the highest jump in the total number of recoveries in the country, taking it to 34,027. The total number of recoveries crossed 40,000 marks on 18 June and 50,000 one week later. At the beginning of July, the number of patients who have recovered from the coronavirus disease crossed 60,000 marks. Three days later, the number of recoveries from the coronavirus disease crossed 70,000 marks. On 8 July, the number of recoveries crossed 80,000 marks before exceeding the number of active cases. The number of people who have recovered from the disease crossed 90,000 marks on 12 July and 100,000 two days later. As of 14 July, there are now over 100,000 patients who have recovered from the coronavirus disease. The number of recoveries in Bangladesh exceeded the number of recoveries in France on 7 July and the number of recoveries in China one day later. The country also reported more than 50,000 new recoveries from 16 June to 9 July.

The recovery rate in Bangladesh was very low until early May. The recovery rate in the country improved sharply to about 11% on 3 May and kept improving over time. The recovery rate improved sharply again to nearly 38% in the middle of June. As of 12 July, the recovery rate is over 50%, which means that more than half of all patients have recovered from the disease. The recovery rate in Bangladesh exceeded the recovery rate in France on 7 July. Five days later, the recovery rate exceeded 50%.

Transmission rate

In previous times, the COVID-19 transmission rate in Bangladesh was two, which meant that two people could be infected with the virus from one person. However, the transmission rate of COVID-19 in the country fell as time passed. As of 26 June, the transmission rate of the coronavirus disease in the country is 1.05, which is a very good sign.

Health Minister Zahid Malik said that the situation in Bangladesh improved as the growth rate of infections slowed down and the doubling period of infections got longer and that the minimum number of COVID-19 tests performed daily in the country was also improved to 15,000. He also said that, on 3 July, the maximum growth rate of infections in the country fell to 2.5% the day after the number of COVID-19 cases exceeded 150,000. As of 3 July, Bangladesh sees a growth rate of infections less than 2.5%. The health minister said that, until 10 July, the minimum doubling period of infections in the country was improved to 25 days. As of 10 July, the number of coronavirus cases in Bangladesh takes more than 25 days to double.

Curve flattening

Malik announced that Bangladesh started flattening the coronavirus curve on 23 June as thousands of tests were performed every day in the country to improve the situation and that the coronavirus curve flattened on the last eight days of June and the first six days of July. He also believed that excessive testing in Bangladesh caused the COVID-19 curve to flatten. Malik said that the curve flattened again after decreasing for six days. On 26 June, three days after the curve started flattening, a record of 18,498 samples was tested in the country, which was above the minimum number of tests performed every day.

Some health experts believed that Bangladesh succeeded in flattening the curve, slowing down the growth rate of infections and extending the doubling period of infections. They also said that excessive testing in the country improved the situation, slowed down the growth rate of infections and extended the doubling period of infections. The coronavirus curve in Bangladesh stopped increasing on 23 June and started decreasing two weeks later. On 13 July, the curve flattened again. As of 13 July, the COVID-19 curve in the country is flattening for another time. On 27 June, which was four days after the curve stopped increasing, there were more than 700,000 samples tested in the country.

Fighting disinformation

Some people have been arrested for allegedly spreading false information about the coronavirus pandemic.[53] According to Human Rights Watch, "Since mid-March 2020, the authorities have apparently arrested at least a dozen people, including a doctor, opposition activists, and students, for their comments about coronavirus, most of them under the draconian Digital Security Act."[54]

Testing and Monitoring

Testing

Bangladesh has consistently shown one of the lowest test rates per capita in the world and concerns that the level of testing have been insufficient to accurately understand the spread of infection have often been aired.[55][56][57][58][59] The number of daily tests reached heights of approximately 18,000 by the end of June, but then began to rapidly decline in July (with typical numbers in the range of 10 to 14 thousand per day throughout July and August).[60][59] A change in government policy was cited as the cause for the decline, following the introduction of a charge for tests (which had hitherto been free in government facilities) announced on June 29[61] and requirements for a doctor's referral for a test.[59]

The number of samples tested in Bangladesh exceeded 100,000 on 7 May. Less than two weeks later, the number of samples tested in the country exceeded 200,000. At the end of May, there were over 300,000 samples tested. On 8 June, more than 400,000 samples were tested in Bangladesh. The number of samples tested exceeded 500,000 six days later. On 21 June, there were more than 600,000 samples tested. The number of samples tested exceeded 700,000 on 27 June and 800,000 five days later. On 9 July, the number of samples tested in the country exceeded 900,000. On 17 July 2020, the number of tests conducted to date crossed the threshold of one million samples.

Test related data
Total Sample Tested 1,318,960
Tested per Million 8,000
Tested last 24hrs 13,162
Total Positive 269,115
The above data was issued by the IEDCR, as of 13 August 2020

Treatment and Vaccinations

Treatment

Bangladesh has 1,169 ICU beds, amounting to 0.72 beds per 100,000 citizens. Of these 432 beds are in government hospitals and 737 in private hospitals.[62] There are only 550 ventilators in the country.[63]

On 21 March, the IEDCR announced that 150 ICU beds would be made available for COVID treatment in Dhaka and more would be provided in other parts of Bangladesh.[62] By 8 April, it was reported that 112 ICU beds were available, of which 79 were in Dhaka, 26 in Mymensingh, 5 in Khulna and 2 in Sylhet.[64] The government was in the process of procuring 380 ventilators.[63] There were also 7,693 isolated beds around the country.[64]

Vaccine trials

On 21 June, China invited Bangladesh to get priority access to COVID-19 vaccine once it is developed. On 26 June, the Chinese government announced that they might perform second-phase clinical trials of the vaccine in Bangladesh.

The Chinese government also believed that the coronavirus vaccine, if developed, might be given to Bangladesh by August as the priority. In the middle of 2020, Bangladesh started developing the coronavirus vaccine. The clinical trial of the vaccine in the country began at that time.

In July 2020, Sinovac Biotech was given approval by the Bangladesh Medical Research Council to begin a third-phase trial of a potential COVID-19 vaccine at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.[65]

Impacts

Economic

The COVID-19 pandemic has heavily impacted household and individual level earnings in Bangladesh with around 13 percent of people have become unemployed; lower and middle-income classes have been experiencing a significant drop in income for the last few months. Consequently, the disposable income of the country people is following a declining trend. Meanwhile, the national poverty is forecasted to increase by 25.13 percent, claimed by Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)[66].

The pandemic has taken a heavy toll on almost all sectors of the economy, inter alia, most notably, it has caused a reduction of exports by 16.93 percent, imports by 17 percent, and also a decline of average revenue for all small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by 66 percent in 2020 compared to 2019. Exceptionally, only remittance inflow has seen an 11 percent increase this year[67].

Even though garment factories were allowed to continue operating under the country's lockdown, an estimated one million garment workers, or one-quarter of the workforce, were laid off due to declining orders for export.[68]

On 5 April, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina announced a stimulus package amounting to some US$8bn.[69]

Education

Bangladesh has approximately 200,000 educational institutions across the country and over 40 million students.[70]

In March, Bangladesh closed all of its educational institutions in order to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Initially on 17 March, when Bangladesh had 8 confirmed cases, the government announced all schools would be closed for the remainder of March. Dhaka University was also closed for the same period.[50] The Education Ministry announced an extension of the closures to April 9. However, with the situation not improving Dhaka University announced on 9 April it would remain closed indefinitely.[71] With educational intuitions still closed by the end of April, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina announced that they could remain closed until September 2020, unless the situation improves.[70] On June 14, the ministry of education officially extended school closures to August 6.[72]

Dhaka University began online classes in July 2020,[73] as have many other universities and schools. Experts and students have voiced concerns about accessibility to online classes for many students in Bangladesh; with poorer students, particularly in rural areas, lacking the devices and internet connectivity to participate in their classes.[74] Some have suggested online classes will only further the "educational divide" whereby the most disadvantaged students (who usually attend public universities on scholarships) will fall behind their peers due to lack of accessibility.[75]

Standardised school examinations have been impacted by the school closures. The HSC exams, which were scheduled to held in April 2020, were postponed indefinitely.[76] By August 2020 with schools still closed, there was much uncertainty regarding when, and even if, the JSC exams, PEC exams (which are normally scheduled for November) and HSC exams will be held.[77]

Some education experts wanted all the educational institutions of Bangladesh closed until November. Others wanted all the educational institutions in the country to reopen by October. The education experts said that all of the educational institutions in Bangladesh will reopen only either if the maximum growth rate of infections is 2% or if the minimum doubling period of infections is 30 days. They also said that all of the educational institutions in the country will reopen only if the coronavirus curve flattens or decreases. According to some education experts, all the educational institutions will reopen only either if the maximum number of daily or new cases is 3,000 or if the minimum number of daily or new recoveries is 1,500. All the educational institutions will reopen only if the minimum recovery rate is 50%, according to other education experts.

Transport

Air travel

In March, Bangladesh suspended all flights, both domestic and international, to manage the spread of the virus. Initially direct flights to the UK and China were exempted from the flight suspensions, but the UK was suspended in April too making China the sole exception.[78]

In the beginning of June, domestic flights resumed on limited scale. International flights resumed from Dhaka airport on 16 June 2020, with only Qatar Airways and Biman Bangladesh Airlines initially permitted to fly.[51] Flights to and from the UK resumed on 21 June. On 24 June, flights to and from the UAE became operational via Emirates.[52] Flights to and from Saudi Arabia resumed on 3 July. Nearly two weeks later, flights to and from Turkey resumed.

Presentation of a COVID-19 negative certificate became mandatory for all Bangladeshi nationals wishing to travel abroad from 23 July 2020. The government stipulated that all passengers must possess a document certifying a negative test result, which had been carried out within 72 hours prior to travel, regardless of destination and airline used.[79] These tests had to have been carried out at one of 16 specific government-listed testing facilities.[80] However, in an inter-ministry meeting on 30 July it was announced that the decision had been taken that the certificates will only be required for travelers whose destination country or chosen airline policy requires one.[81]

Migrant workers

The introduction of lock-down measures, economic declines and reduction in global mobility across the world has severely impacted Bangladeshi migrant workers. It is thought that around ten million Bangladeshis work overseas, especially across the middle east.[82] Thousands of these workers have been forced to return to Bangladesh, largely because of job lay-offs.[83] Kuwait for example has proposed a bill which would see 200,000 of the 350,000 Bangladeshi workers there compelled to leave the Gulf state.[84] Most of these workers have struggled to find work in Bangladesh on their return, with 70 per cent unemployed according to an International Organization for Migration report published in August 2020.[82]

Rohingya Refugees

At the time of the pandemic Bangladesh was housing over a million Rohingya refugees in refugee camps in Cox's Bazar. One in ten households in the camps were reported to have at least one individual above the age of five with a chronic illness or disability, increasing the risk of complications or death if they contract COVID-19.[85] The high population density, poor sanitation facilities and limited access to healthcare in the camps are all conducive to the spread of viral illness such as COVID-19.

On 9 April, Bangladesh imposed a 'complete lockdown' on the camps with "No entry, no exit – until the situation improves", said the government directive.[86] As of 23 June 2020, 46 Rohingya refugees had tested positive for the virus and five deaths had been confirmed.[87] As of 7 August 2020, the number of confirmed cases had risen to 78 and the number of deaths to six.[88]

A study by Save the Children and other carried out in May 2020 found that 40 per cent of Rohingya children in the camps expressed being scared of dying of the virus or losing loved ones to it.[89] "Children tell us they’re scared of dying. The fear of death or losing a loved one can be very distressing for a child, especially when many have already experienced intense trauma and loss, having been forced from their homes in Myanmar and stuck in a congested refugee camp for the past three years." said Onno van Manen, Country Director for Save the Children in Bangladesh. Save the Children announced they were to open a new isolation and treatment centre for COVID-19 patients with a capacity of up to 60 beds.[89]

There are concerns that COVID-19 could be devastating for elderly Rohingya refugees, particularly as in June 2019 Amnesty International had reported that older Rohingya refugees in the camps in Bangladesh are often being left behind in the humanitarian response efforts.[90]

Expatriate Bangladeshis

As of 17 April 2020, news media outlets confirmed that there were 147 Bangladeshis who died from the coronavirus in the United States.[91]

Statistics

Total cases, deaths and recoveries

Total cases, deaths and recoveries (log)

Daily cases

Daily tests

Daily deaths

Daily recoveries

Note: On 15 June, the total number of people who were recorded to have recovered from the coronavirus disease rose by over 15,000. The Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) started to announce how many people recovered at hospital and home on this date.[92]


Table: Daily updates

Cases in Bangladesh as reported by Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR)[93]
In the last 24 hours Notes Day of Pandemic/Outbreak
Date Total Tested Total Cases Total Deaths Total Recovered Newly Tested New Cases New Deaths Newly Recovered
2020-03-08 111[94] 3 0 0 0 Early spread
2020-03-11 142[95] 3 0 2 0 1
2020-03-12 163[96] 3 0 2 0 2
2020-03-13 187[97] 3 0 2 0 3/1
2020-03-14 211[98] 5 0 3 0 4/2
2020-03-15 231[99] 5 0 3 0 5/3
2020-03-16 241[100] 8 0 3 0 0 6/4
2020-03-17 277[101] 10 0 3 0 0 7/5
2020-03-18 351[102] 14 1 3 10 4 1 1 Three males were returnees from Italy and Kuwait while the female was a family member of a foreign returnee 8/6
2020-03-19 397 17 1 3 46 3 0 0 Two male cases are returnees from Italy and the female is a family member 9/7
2020-03-20 433 20 1 3 36 3 0 0 10/8
2020-03-21 433*

(Check Note)

24 2 3 36*

(Check note)

4 1 2 First death from community transmission[103] *Government press releases from both 2020-3-20 and 2020-3-21 state that 'total number of individuals tested for COVID-19 till date' is 433 and 'number tested in last 24 hours' is 36. These are likely errors. 11/9
2020-03-22 564 27 2 5 27 3 0 0 New cases include a doctor who treated the patient who died on 20 March.[104] 12/10
2020-03-23 620 33 3 5 56 6 1 0 New cases characteristics: 3 males, 3 females; 23 healthcare workers, and two returnees from India and Bahrain. New death caused by community transmission. 13/11
2020-03-24 712 39 4 5 92 6 1 0 New positives include returnee from Saudi Arabia and 4 locals with epidemiological link. The death of the female was related to community transmission 14/12
2020-03-25 794 39 5 5 82 0 1 6 15/13
2020-03-26 920 44 5 11 126 5 0 0 16/14
2020-03-27 1026 48 5 11 106 4 0 0 17/15
2020-03-28 1076 48 5 15 47 0 0 4 18/16
2020-03-29[105] 1,185[106] 48 5 15 109 0 0 4 19/17
2020-03-30[107] 1,338[108] 49 5 19 153 1 0 4 20/18
2020-03-31[109] 1,602[110] 51 5 25 140 2 0 6 21/19
2020-04-01[111] 1,759[112] 54 6 26 157 1 1 1 22/20
2020-04-02[113] 1,906[114] 56 6 26 141 2 0 0 23/21
2020-04-03[115] 2,113[116] 61 6 26 203 5 0 0 24/22
2020-04-04[117] 2,547[118] 70 8 30 434 9 2 4 25/23
2020-04-05[119] 2,914[120] 88 9 33 367 18 1 3 26/24
2020-04-06[121] 3,610[122] 164 17 33 468 41 5 0 27/25
2020-04-07[117] 4,289[123] 164 17 33 792 41 5 0 28/26
2020-04-08[124] 5,194[125] 218 20 33 981 54 3 0 29/27
2020-04-09[126] 6,175[127] 330 21 33 905 112 1 0 30/28
2020-04-10[126] 7,359[128] 424 27 33 1184 94 6 0 31/29
2020-04-11[129] 8,313 482 30 36 954 58 3 3 32/30
2020-04-12[130] 9,653[131] 621 34 39 1340 139 4 3 33/31
2020-04-13[132] 11,223[133] 803 39 42 1570 182 5 3 34/32
2020-04-14[134] 13,128 1,012 46 42 1905 209 7 0 35/33
2020-04-15[135] 14,868 1,231 50 49 1740 219 4 7 36/34
2020-04-16[136] 17,003 1,572 60 49 2135 341 10 0 37/35
2020-04-17[137] 19,193 1,838 75 58 2190 266 15 9 38/36
2020-04-18[138] 21,307 2,144 84 66 2114 306 9 8 39/37
2020-04-19 23,941 2,456 91 75 2,634 312 7 9 40/38
2020-04-20 26,604 2,948 101 85 2,779 492 10 10 41/39
2020-04-21 29,578 3,382 110 87 2,974 434 9 2 42/40
2020-04-22 32,630 3,772 120 92 3,043 390 10 5 43/41
2020-04-23 36,090 4,186 127 108 3,460 414 7 16 44/42
2020-04-24 39,476 4,689 131 112 3,386 503 4 4 45/43
2020-04-25 43,113 4,998 140 113 3,637 309 9 1 46/44
2020-04-26 46,589 5,416 145 122 3,476 418 5 9 47/45
2020-04-27 50,401 5,913 152 131 3,812 497 7 9 48/46
2020-04-28 54,733 6,462 155 139 4,332 549 3 8 49/47
2020-04-29 59,701 7,103 163 150 4,968 641 8 11 50/48
2020-04-30 64,666 7,667 168 160 4,965 564 5 10 51/49
2020-05-01 70,239 8,238 170 174 5,573 571 2 14 52/50
2020-05-02 76,066 8,790 175 177 5,827 552 5 3 53/51
2020-05-03 81,434 9,455 177 1,063 5,368 665 2 886 The total number of recoveries surged and crossed 1,000 marks, according to new guidelines. 54/52
2020-05-04 87,694 10,143 182 1,209 6,260 688 5 146 55/53
2020-05-05 93,405 10,929 183 1,403 5,711 786 1 194 56/54
2020-05-06 99,646 11,719 186 1,403 6,241 790 3 0 57/55
2020-05-07 105,513 12,425 199 1,910 5,867 706 13 507 58/56
2020-05-08 111,454 13,134 206 2,101 5,941 709 7 191 59/57
2020-05-09 116,919 13,770 214 2,414 5,518 636 8 313 60/58
2020-05-10[139] 122,657 14,657 228 2,650 5,738 887 14 236 61/59
2020-05-11 129,865 15,691 239 2,902 7,208 1,034 11 252 62/60
2020-05-12 136,638 16,660 250 3,147 6,773 969 11 245 63/61
2020-05-13 144,538 17,822 269 3,361 7,900 1,162 19 214 64/62
2020-05-14 151,930 18,863 283 3,603 7,392 1,041 14 242 65/63
2020-05-15 160,512 20,065 298 3,882 8,582 1,202 15 279 66/64
2020-05-16 167,114 20,995 314 4,117 6,602 930 16 235 67/65
2020-05-17 175,228 22,268 328 4,373 8,114 1,273 14 256 68/66
2020-05-18 185,086 23,870 349 4,585 9,858 1,602 21 212 69/67
2020-05-19 193,645 25,121 370 4,993 8,559 1,251 21 408 70/68
2020-05-20 203,852 26,738 386 5,207 10,207 1,617 16 214 71/69
2020-05-21 214,114 28,511 408 5,602 10,262 1,773 22 395 72/70
2020-05-22 223,841 30,205 432 6,190 9,727 1,694 24 588 73/71
2020-05-23 234,675 32,078 452 6,486 10,834 1,873 20 296 74/72
2020-05-24 243,583 33,610 480 6,901 8,908 1,532 28 415 75/73
2020-05-25 253,034 35,585 501 7,334 9,451 1,975 21 433 76/74
2020-05-26[140] 258,550 36,751 522 7,579 5,516 1,166 21 245 77/75
2020-05-27 266,456 38,292 544 7,925 7,906 1,541 22 346 78/76
2020-05-28 275,776 40,321 559 8,425 9,320 2,029 15 500 79/77
2020-05-29 287,067 42,844 582 9,015 11,291 2,523 23 590 80/78
2020-05-30 297,054 44,608 610 9,375 9,987 1,764 28 360 81/79
2020-05-31 308,930 47,153 650 9,781 11,876 2,545 40 406 82/80
2020-06-01 320,969 49,534 672 10,597 12,039 2,381 22 816 83/81
2020-06-02 333,073 52,445 709 11,120 12,104 2,911 37 523 84/82
2020-06-03 345,583 55,140 746 11,590 12,510 2,695 37 470 85/83
2020-06-04 358,277 57,563 781 12,161 12,694 2,423 35 571 86/84
2020-06-05 372,365 60,391 811 12,804 14,088 2,828 30 643 87/85
2020-06-06 384,851 63,026 846 13,325 12,486 2,635 35 521 88/86
2020-06-07 397,987 65,769 888 13,903 13,136 2,743 42 578 89/87
2020-06-08 410,841 68,504 930 14,560 12,854 2,735 42 657 90/88
2020-06-09 425,595 71,675 975 15,337 14,754 3,171 45 777 91/89
2020-06-10 441,560 74,865 1,012 15,900 15,965 3,190 37 563 92/90
2020-06-11 457,332 78,052 1,049 16,747 15,772 3,187 37 847 93/91
2020-06-12 473,322 81,523 1,095 17,249 15,990 3,471 46 502 94/92
2020-06-13 489,960 84,379 1,139 17,827 16,638 2,856 44 578 The total number of coronavirus cases in Bangladesh exceeded the total number of coronavirus cases in China. 95/93
2020-06-14 504,465 87,520 1,171 18,730 14,505 3,141 32 903 96/94
2020-06-15 519,503 90,619 1,209 34,027 15,038 3,099 38 15,297 Bangladesh saw a sharp surge in the total number of recoveries two days after overtaking China in terms of coronavirus infections. Dr. Nasima Sultana said that over 15,000 patients recovered from COVID-19. The patients who recovered from COVID-19 included both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The recoveries occurred not only in hospital, but also at home. 97/95
2020-06-16 536,717 94,481 1,262 36,264 17,214 3,862 53 2,237 98/96
2020-06-17 554,244 98,489 1,305 38,189 17,527 4,008 43 1,925 99/97
2020-06-18 570,503 102,292 1,343 40,164 16,259 3,803 38 1,975 100/98
2020-06-19 585,548 105,535 1,388 42,945 15,045 3,243 45 2,781 101/99
2020-06-20 599,579 108,775 1,425 43,993 14,031 3,240 37 1,048 102/100
2020-06-21 615,164 112,306 1,464 45,077 15,585 3,531 39 1,084 103/101
2020-06-22 630,719 115,786 1,502 46,755 15,555 3,480 38 1,678 104/102
2020-06-23 647,011 119,198 1,545 47,635 16,292 3,412 43 880 105/103
2020-06-24 663,444 122,660 1,582 49,666 16,433 3,462 37 2,031 106/104
2020-06-25 681,443 126,606 1,621 51,495 17,999 3,946 39 1,829 107/105
2020-06-26 699,941 130,474 1,661 53,133 18,498 3,868 40 1,638 108/106
2020-06-27 715,098 133,978 1,695 54,318 15,157 3,504 34 1,185 109/107
2020-06-28 733,197 137,787 1,738 55,727 18,099 3,809 43 1,409 110/108
2020-06-29 751,034 141,801 1,783 57,780 17,837 4,014 45 2,053 111/109
2020-06-30 769,460 145,483 1,847 59,624 18,426 3,682 64 1,844 112/110
2020-07-01 787,335 149,258 1,888 62,108 17,875 3,775 41 2,484 113/111
2020-07-02 805,697 153,277 1,926 66,442 18,362 4,019 38 4,334 114/112
2020-07-03 820,347 156,391 1,968 68,048 14,650 3,114 42 1,606 115/113
2020-07-04 835,074 159,679 1,997 70,721 14,727 3,288 29 2,673 116/114
2020-07-05 849,062 162,417 2,052 72,625 13,988 2,738 55 1,904 117/115
2020-07-06 863,307 165,618 2,096 76,149 14,245 3,201 44 3,524 118/116
2020-07-07 876,480 168,645 2,151 78,102 13,173 3,027 55 1,953 The total number of coronavirus cases in Bangladesh exceeded the total number of coronavirus cases in France. In terms of the number of recoveries, Bangladesh also overtook France. 119/117
2020-07-08 892,152 172,134 2,197 80,838 15,672 3,489 46 2,736 Bangladesh overtook China in terms of the number of recoveries. 120/118
2020-07-09 907,784 175,494 2,238 84,544 15,632 3,360 41 3,706 121/119
2020-07-10 921,272 178,443 2,275 86,406 13,488 2,949 37 1,862 122/120
2020-07-11 932,465 181,129 2,305 88,034 11,193 2,686 30 1,628 123/121
2020-07-12 943,524 183,795 2,352 93,614 11,059 2,666 47 5,580 The number of recoveries in Bangladesh exceeded the number of active cases. 124/122
2020-07-13 955,947 186,894 2,391 98,317 12,423 3,099 39 4,703 125/123
2020-07-14 969,400 190,057 2,424 103,227 13,453 3,163 33 4,910 126/124
2020-07-15 983,402 193,590 2,457 105,523 14,002 3,533 33 2,296 127/125
2020-07-16 996,291 196,323 2,496 106,963 12,889 2,733 39 1,440 128/126
2020-07-17 1,009,751 199,357 2,547 108,725 13,460 3,034 51 1,762 129/127
2020-07-18 1,020,674 202,066 2,581 110,098 10,923 2,709 34 1,373 130/128
2020-07-19 1031299 204,525 2,618 111,642 10,625 2,549 37 1544 131/129
2020-07-20 1044661 207,453 2,668 113,556 13,362 2,928 50 1914 132/130
2020-07-21 1057559 210,510 2,709 115,399 12,898 3,057 39 1843 133/131
2020-07-22 1069609 213,254 2,751 117,202 12,050 2,744 42 1803 134/132
2020-07-23 1082007 216,110 2,801 119,208 12,398 2,856 50 2006 135/133
2020-07-24 1094034 218,658 2,836 120,976 12,027 2,548 35 1768 136/134
2020-07-25 1104480 221,178 2,874 122,090 10,446 2,520 38 1,114 137/135
2020-07-26 1,114,558 223,453 2,928 123,882 10,078 2,275 54 1,792 138/136
2020-07-27 1,127,417 226,225 2,965 125,683 12,859 2,772 37 1,801 139/137
2020-07-28 1,140,131 229,185 3,000 127,414 12,714 2,960 35 1,731 140/138
2020-07-29 1,154,258 232,194 3,035 130,292 14,127 3,009 35 2,878 141/139
2020-07-30 1,167,195 234,889 3,083 132,960 12,937 2,695 48 2,668 142/140
2020-07-31 1,179,809 237,661 3,111 135,136 12,614 2,772 28 2,176 143/141
2020-08-01 1,188,611 239,807 3,132 136,253 8,802 2,199 21 1,117 144/142
2020-08-02 1,192,295 240,746 3,154 136,839 3,684 886 22 568 145/143
2020-08-03 1,196,544 242,102 3,184 137,905 4,249 1,356 30 1,066 146/144
2020-08-04 1,204,256 244,020 3,234 139,860 7,712 1,918 50 1,955 147/145
2020-08-05 1,215,416 246,674 3,267 141,750 11,160 2,654 33 1,890 148/146
2020-08-06 1,228,124 249,651 3,306 143,824 12,708 2,977 39 2,074 149/147
2020-08-07 1,240,882 252,502 3,333 145,584 12,699 2,851 27 1,760 150/148
2020-08-08 1,252,619 255,113 3,365 146,604 11,737 2,611 32 1,020 151/149
2020-08-09 1,263,378 257,600 3,399 148,370 10,759 2,487 34 1,766 152/150
2020-08-10 1,276,227 260,507 3,438 150,446 12,849 2,907 39 2,076 153/151
2020-08-11 1,291,047 263,503 3,471 151,981 14,820 2,996 33 1,535 154/152
2020-08-12 1,305,798 266,498 3,513 153,089 14,751 2,995 42 1,117 155/153
2020-08-13 1,318,960 269,115 3,557 154,871 13,162 2,617 44 1,782 156/154
2020-08-14 1,331,816 271,881 3,591 156,623 12,856 2,766 34 1,752 157/155
2020-08-15 1,344,715 274,525 3,625 157,635 12,899 2,644 34 1,012 158/156
2020-08-16 1,354,733 276,549 3,657 158,950 10,018 2,024 32 1,315 159/158
2020-08-17 1,367,256 279,144 3,694 158,950 12,523 2,595 37 1,641 160/159

Table: Confirmed cases per district

COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh by division and districts
Division District/city Total cases
Dist. Div.
Dhaka Dhaka City 68689 104,854
(52.5%)
Dhaka (District) 4076
Gazipur 4425
Kishoreganj 2178
Madaripur 1246
Manikganj 919
Narayanganj 6061
Munshigonj 3242
Narshingdi 1803
Rajbari 1590
Faridpur 5350
Tangail 1939
Shariatpur 1397
Gopalganj 1939
Chattogram Chattogram 15491 37,835
(18.9%)
Cox’s bazar 3641
Cumilla 5983
B. Baria 2050
Laksmipur 1661
Chandpur 1951
Noakhali 3726
Bandarban 610
Rangamati 700
Feni 1458
Khagrachari 564
Sylhet Moulovi Bazar 1155 8,917
(4.5%)
Sunamganj 1673
Hobiganj 1296
Sylhet 4793
Rangpur Rangpur 1936 7,742
(3.9%)
Gaibandha 759
Nilphamari 722
Lalmonirhat 501
Kurigram 613
Dinajpur 2237
Thakurgaon 552
Panchagar 422
Khulna Khulna 4361 14,314
(7.2%)
Narail 1018
Chuadanga 868
Jessore 2326
Bagerhat 723
Magura 609
Meherpur 270
Jhenaidah 1144
Kushtia 2145
Satkhira 850
Mymensingh Mymensingh 2970 5,026
(2.5%)
Jamalpur 1068
Netrokona 650
Sherpur 338
Barishal Barguna 715 6,473
(3.2%)
Barishal 2691
Potuakhali 1122
Pirojpur 817
Jhalokathi 538
Bhola 590
Rajshahi Rajshahi 3746 14,722
(7.4%)
Joypurhat 820
Pabna 880
Chapainawabganj 549
Bogra 5448
Naogaon 1002
Sirajganj 1648
Natore 629
Total (8 divisions) 199,883
As of 12 August 2020.[141]

See also

References

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