COVID-19 pandemic in South America

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached South America on 26 February 2020 when Brazil confirmed a case in São Paulo.[2] By 3 April, all countries and territories in South America had recorded at least one case.[3]

COVID-19 pandemic in South America
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationSouth America
First outbreakWuhan, China
Index caseSão Paulo, Brazil
Arrival date26 February 2020
(5 months, 3 weeks and 1 day ago)
Confirmed cases4,800,253[1]
Recovered3,600,858[1]
Deaths
161,178[1]
Territories
14[1]
Part of a series on the
COVID-19 pandemic
Locations
  • By continent
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 COVID-19 Portal

On April 17, the highest number of cases and deaths was registered in Brazil,[4] followed by Peru and Chile in the number of confirmed cases.[5]

On May 13, it was reported that Latin America and the Caribbean had reported over 400,000 cases of infection with 23,091 deaths. On May 22, citing especially the rapid increase of infections in Brazil, the WHO declared that South America is presently the epicentre of the coronavirus pandemic.[6][7]

As of June 26, South America has more than 2 million confirmed cases and more than 81,000 deaths. However, due to a dearth of testing and medical facilities it is believed that the outbreak is far larger than the official numbers show.[8] With more than 2 million confirmed cases and over 70,000 deaths as of July 2020, Brazil is one of the worst affected countries in the world.

Pandemic by country and territory
Further information: Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory § Cases and deaths
Summary table of confirmed cases in South America (as of 15 August 2020)[9]
Countries and territories Cases Deaths Recoveries[lower-alpha 1] Population
(in millions)		 Ref
Brazil 3,278,895 171,426 2,404,272 211.5 [10][11]
Peru 525,803 26,075 359,781 32.1 [12][13]
Colombia 456,689 14,810 274,420 49.4 [14]
Chile 385,946 10,452 358,828 19.1 [15]
Argentina 289,100 5,637 205,697 44.9 [16]
Ecuador 100,688 6,065 79,354 17.5 [17][18]
Bolivia 99,146 4,003 35,638 11.5 [9][19]
Venezuela 30,369 259 21,385 32.2 [9][20]
Paraguay 9,381 127 5,841 7.2 [21]
French Guiana 8,549 53 7,841 0.3 [9]
Suriname 2,838 41 1,894 0.6 [22]
Uruguay 1,421 38 1,182 3.5 [9][23]
Guyana 568 22 189 0.8 [9]
Falkland Islands 13 0 13 0.003 [9][24]
Total 5,150,165 173,173 3,704,916 430 [9]

South America and Latin America

On 26 June 2020, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in South America surpassed 2 million while the United States had about 2.4 million. However, a month later on 26 July 2020, if Mexico and key areas in Central America and the Caribbean are included, then the total in Latin America (4.27 million) has surpassed the total in the United States (4.25 million).

As of 5 August, the total in Latin America is more than 5.1 million while United States is around 4.9 million.

As of 10 August, the total in Latin America is more than 5.5 million while United States is around 5.1 million.

As of 15 August, the total in Latin America is more than 5.9 million while United States is around 5.3 million.

Summary table of confirmed cases in Latin America (selected regions as of 15 August 2020)[9]
Countries and territories Cases Deaths Recoveries[lower-alpha 2] Population
(in millions)		 Ref
South America 5,150,165 173,173 3,704,916 430 [9]
Mexico 511,369 55,908 345,653 128 [9]
Dominican Republic 83,134 1,393 47,946 11 [9]
Panama 79,402 1,734 52,886 4 [9]
Guatemala 60,824 2,296 48,305 17 [9]
Honduras 49,467 1,548 7,118 10 [9]
Total 5,934,361 236,052 4,206,824 600 [9]

Argentina
This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 3 March 2020, the virus was confirmed to have spread to Argentina.[25][26][27][28] As of 16 August 2020 a total of 294,556 people were confirmed to have been infected, and 5,703 people were known to have died because of the virus.[29]

On 7 March, the Ministry of Health confirmed the country's first documented death, a 64-year-old man who had travelled to Paris, France, who also had other health conditions;[30] the case was only confirmed as positive after the patient's demise.[30]

On 19 March a nation-wide lockdown until 31 March was established in Argentina.[31][32] The government later extended the lockdown to mid April,[33] then 26 April;[34] and on 25 April, President Alberto Fernández announced that the lockdown would be extended in major cities until 10 May.[35] The lockdown was lifted throughout all the country, excepting the Greater Buenos Aires urban area, on 10 May, with Greater Buenos Aires locked down until 24 May,[36] later extended to 7 June,[37] and then 28 June, after a big jump in the number of new cases in this area.[38] On 26 June, Fernández announced that the restrictions on movement in this area that were previously eased would be tightened again until 17 July due to a large spike in cases on the previous days.[39] Finally, on 17 July, the President announced that the lockdown would be gradually loosened in several stages to lead to the return to normality,[40] although the restrictions were extended again first until 16,[41] and then 30 August.[42]

Responses to the outbreak have included restrictions on commerce and movement, closure of borders, and the closure of schools and educational institutions.[43] Clusters of infections and deaths have occurred in nursing homes, prisons and other detention centers, and urban areas.[44][45] The number of tests increased over time, although there were some concerns as there was less testing than in other countries of the region such as Chile and Peru.[46] Even so, the government's responses to the pandemic were among the best received by the population in the region.[47]

Bolivia
This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Bolivia on 10 March 2020, when its first two cases were confirmed in the departments of Oruro and Santa Cruz.[48][49]

On 12 March, Bolivia suspended all public school sessions until 31 March, as well as all commercial flights to and from Europe indefinitely. They also prohibited large-scale public gatherings of more than 1,000 people.[50]

Brazil
This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil[edit]
Cases per 100,000 residents by state

The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Brazil on 25 February 2020,[51] when a man from São Paulo tested positive for the virus. On 19 June 2020, the country reported its 1 millionth case; at this time, there had been nearly 49,000 reported deaths.[52][53] As of June 2020, Brazil has the second-highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the world behind the United States. On 17 July 2020, the country reported its 2 millionth case. On 8 August 2020, the country reported its 3 millionth case with deaths exceeding up to 100,000. Brazil is one of the worst affected countries in the world.

The pandemic has triggered a variety of responses from federal, state and local governments, having an impact on politics, education, the environment,[54] and the economy. On 27 March Brazil announced a temporary ban on foreign air travelers[55] and most state governors have imposed quarantines to prevent the spread of the virus.[56]

Chile
This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Chile[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Chile is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Chile in March 2020.[57] While initial cases had been imported from South East Asia and Europe, they expanded into a sizeable quantity of untraceable infections, placing the country within phase 4 of the pandemic as defined by the World Health Organization, and surpassing a thousand confirmed cases on 25 March 2020.

The cases have concentrated in the Santiago metropolitan area, with outbreaks in other regions in the country. No national lockdown was established in Chile, unlike in neighbouring Argentina and Peru, although a night curfew was implemented throughout the country. Quarantines were established locally in different cities and neighborhoods. However, in May 2020, the whole city of Santiago was put under mandatory quarantine due to an increase of cases and similar situations were extended to most of the largest cities in Chile.

As of 16 August 2020, Chile has the fourth largest number of cases in South America, after Brazil, Peru, and Colombia, and the ninth largest in the world. Considering its population, Chile has one of the worst outbreaks in the world,[58] with more than 19,800 cases and 710 deaths per million inhabitants.[59] Initially, the number of fatalities reported was lower than other countries in the region, even with less cases. However, in May 2020, the number of cases and deaths increased rapidly, while several sources reported additional numbers of excess deaths which were not counted.[60][61] By June 2020, the government confirmed thousands of additional deaths due to COVID-19, including suspected cases where PCR tests were not available.[62] By July 2020, the number of deceased surpassed 10,000 people.[63]

The impact of the pandemic has been great in the South American country. In March 2020, when the first cases of COVID-19 appeared, the country was still facing protests and riots[lower-alpha 3] that had begun in October 2019, and the pandemic affected the scheduled 2020 Chilean national plebiscite, which was rescheduled. Partial lockdowns and quarantines were established in the first months, hitting the economy of the country. By April 2020, unemployment had reached 9%, a record-high level in the past 10 years,[65] while the economy had shrunk by 14.1%.[66] A new wave politically motivated protests sparked in late May, mainly in Santiago, due to food shortages in certain sectors of the population.[67]

Colombia
This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia[edit]
The COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Colombia on 6 March 2020.[68][69] As of 17 March, Colombia is denying entry to those who are not Colombian citizens, permanent residents or diplomats.[70]

Ecuador
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador
Confirmed COVID-19 cases in Ecuador

On 29 February, the Minister of Health in Ecuador, Catalina Andramuño, confirmed the first case of the virus in the country.[71] The patient, a woman in her 70s, Ecuadorian citizen who resides in Spain, had arrived to Guayaquil on 14 February.[71]

On 1 March, Andramuño announced that five new cases of coronavirus have been confirmed in Ecuador.[72]

As of 31 March, there have been 2240 confirmed cases, plus 75 deaths linked to COVID-19. The Health Ministry also reported 61 deaths probably related to COVID-19.[73]

Ecuador was described in April as emerging as the "epicentre" of the pandemic in Latin America.[3] The Guayas Province was particularly strongly affected, with thousand of excess deaths reported compared to the figure for a normal period.[5] It was reported on 17 April that 10,939 people had died in six weeks since the start of March in the Guayas Province, compared to a normal figure of 3,000 for the province.[74]

Falkland Islands
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands

On 3 April 2020, the British Overseas Territory of the Falkland Islands confirmed its first case on 3 April 2020.[75] Furthermore, as a precaution, the islands' government has closed all schools and nurseries until 4 May.[76] As of 30 April, all 13 cases have recovered.[77]

French Guiana
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana

On 4 March 2020, the first 5 cases were found the French overseas department and region of French Guiana,[78] and the first death was announced on 20 April 2020.[79]

Guyana
This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana[edit]
Cases per million by region as of 30 April 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Guyana on 11 March 2020. The first case was a woman who travelled from New York,[80] a 52-year-old woman suffering from underlying health conditions, including diabetes and hypertension.[81] The woman died at the Georgetown Public Hospital.[82]

Paraguay
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay

On 7 March the first confirmed case in Paraguay was announced, a 32-year-old Paraguayan who arrived from Ecuador.[83]

On 10 March, Paraguay suspended public school sessions and large-scale public events for 15 days due to the coronavirus.[84]

On 13 March, Paraguay suspended flights coming from Europe.[85]

Peru
This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Peru[edit]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Peru is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was reported to have spread to Peru on 6 March 2020, when a 25-year-old man who had travelled to Spain, France, and the Czech Republic tested positive.[86] On 15 March 2020, President Martín Vizcarra announced a country-wide lockdown, closing borders, restricting domestic travel, and forbidding nonessential business operations—excluding health facilities, food vendors, pharmacies, and financial institutions.

Peru, with a total population of 32 million,[87] has a total of 1,002 intensive care unit (ICU) beds available as of May 2020,[88] and was working on expanding its nationwide ventilator stock from 40 to a desired 540 machines. Engineering and production are supplied by the Peruvian military.[89] As of June 2020, oxygen was in short supply.[90]

As of August 14, Peru has the world's second highest COVID-19 related deaths per million, just after Belgium.[91]

Suriname
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname

On 13 March 2020, Vice President Ashwin Adhin announced the first confirmed case in the country.[92]

On 3 April 2020, the first death was announced.[93]

On 3 May 2020, all remaining COVID-19 cases recovered.[94]

On 18 May 2020, an eleventh case was identified.[95]

Uruguay
This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay[edit]
Departments of Uruguay with confirmed COVID-19 cases (as of 28 June)
  Confirmed 1~4
  Confirmed 5~9
  Confirmed 10~49
  Confirmed 50~99
  Confirmed 100~499
  Confirmed 500~999

The COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first cases in Uruguay were reported on 13 March 2020 by the Ministry of Public Health.[96] The early cases were imported from Italy and Spain, with some local transmissions.[97] As of July 2020, the outbreak in Uruguay is still ongoing but only at a low level of infections.

The majority of early cases were traced to a wedding with 500 people in Montevideo, attended by a Uruguayan fashion designer who returned from Spain and later tested positive.[98][99] Various containment measures were introduced in mid-March, and major restrictions on movement followed in late March. Uruguay is one of the few countries in Latin American to successfully contain the outbreak due to extensive testing. The country had the fourth highest number of tests conducted per new confirmed case in the world as of June 25, 2020.[100]

Venezuela
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela

On 13 March, Vice President Delcy Rodríguez announced the first two confirmed cases in the country.[101]

On 14 March, Communication Minister Jorge Rodríguez informed that eight new cases were detected in the country.[102]

On 26 March, the first death was reported.[103]

Venezuela is particularly vulnerable to the wider effects of the pandemic because of its ongoing socioeconomic and political crisis causing massive shortages of food staples and basic necessities, including medical supplies. The mass emigration of Venezuelan doctors has also caused chronic staff shortages in hospitals.[104]

Prevention in other countries and territories

South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands

This remote territory is uninhabited, save for small communities of scientists; the territory is also occasionally visited by small groups of tourists.[105] On 17 March tourist facilities in Grytviken were closed as a precaution,[106] with various other measures being implemented to protect workers on the islands.[107] South Georgia is open for visitors with a permit and is still virus free as of 22 April.[108]

Notes
  1. Reported recoveries. May not correspond to actual current figures and not all recoveries may be reported. Total recoveries may not necessarily add up due to the frequency of values updating for each location.
  2. Reported recoveries. May not correspond to actual current figures and not all recoveries may be reported. Total recoveries may not necessarily add up due to the frequency of values updating for each location.
  3. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of those who suffered eye injuries during the 2019–2020 protests have not been able to continue their treatments.[64] In the cases where injured have gone to hospital for treatment and supervision some have had to share rooms with COVID-19 patients.[64]

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