COVID-19 pandemic in Russia

The COVID-19 pandemic in Russia is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Russia on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese citizens in Tyumen (Siberia) and Chita (Russian Far East) tested positive for the virus, with both cases being contained. Early prevention measures included restricting the border with China and extensive testing. The infection spread from Italy on 2 March, leading to additional measures such as cancelling events, closing schools, theatres, and museums, as well as shutting the border and declaring a non-working period which, after two extensions, lasted until 11 May 2020. By the end of March 2020, the vast majority of federal subjects, including Moscow, had imposed lockdowns. On 17 April 2020, cases were confirmed in all federal subjects. On 27 April 2020 the number of confirmed cases surpassed those in China.

COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Confirmed cases per million by federal subjects as of 11 August 2020   10,000+   5,000–10,000   2,000–5,000   1,000–2,000   500–1,000   200–500
Total confirmed cases by federal subjects as of 11 August 2020   100,000+   10,000–99,999   1,000–9,999   100–999
Confirmed deaths per million by federal subjects as of 11 August 2020   300+   100–300   30–100   10–30   >0–10   None
Disease	COVID-19
Virus strain	SARS-CoV-2
Location	Russia
First outbreak	Wuhan, Hubei, China
Index case	Tyumen and Chita
Arrival date	31 January 2020
Confirmed cases	917,884[1][2][lower-alpha 1]
Recovered	729,411[1][2][lower-alpha 1]
Deaths	15,617[1][2]
Fatality rate	1.7%
Government website
стопкоронавирус.рф

As a transcontinental country, Russia has the highest number of confirmed cases in Europe, the 2nd-highest in Asia after India, and the 4th-highest number in the world after the United States, Brazil, and India. According to figures from the national coronavirus crisis centre, as of 15 August 2020, Russia has 917,884 confirmed cases, 729,411 recoveries, 15,617 deaths, and over 32.2 million tests performed.[1] According to mortality data published by the Federal State Statistics Service, 27,411 people with COVID-19 died from April to June 2020.[3]

Timeline

Main article: Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia

For current charts and graphs, see Statistics.

COVID-19 cases in Russia  ()      Deaths        Recoveries        Active cases Jan Jan Mar Mar Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Last 15 days Last 15 days
Date			# of cases	# of deaths
2020-01-31			2(n.a.)
⋮			2(=)
2020-03-02			3(+50%)
⋮			3(=)
2020-03-05			4(+33%)
2020-03-06			10(+150%)
2020-03-07			14(+40%)
2020-03-08			17(+21%)
2020-03-09			20(+18%)
2020-03-10			20(=)
2020-03-11		​	28(+40%)
2020-03-12		​	34(+21%)
2020-03-13		​	45(+32%)
2020-03-14		​	59(+31%)
2020-03-15		​	63(+6.8%)
2020-03-16		​	93(+48%)
2020-03-17		​	114(+23%)
2020-03-18		​	147(+29%)
2020-03-19		​	199(+35%)
2020-03-20		​	253(+27%)
2020-03-21		​	306(+21%)
2020-03-22		​	367(+20%)
2020-03-23		​	438(+19%)
2020-03-24		​ ​	495(+13%)
2020-03-25		​ ​	658(+33%)
2020-03-26		​ ​	840(+28%)	2(n.a.)
2020-03-27		​ ​	1,036(+23%)	3(+50%)
2020-03-28		​ ​	1,264(+22%)	4(+33%)
2020-03-29		​ ​	1,534(+21%)	8(+100%)
2020-03-30		​ ​	1,836(+20%)	9(+12%)
2020-03-31		​ ​	2,337(+27%)	17(+89%)
2020-04-01		​ ​ ​	2,777(+19%)	24(+41%)
2020-04-02		​ ​ ​	3,548(+28%)	30(+25%)
2020-04-03		​ ​ ​	4,149(+17%)	34(+13%)
2020-04-04		​ ​ ​	4,731(+14%)	43(+26%)
2020-04-05		​ ​ ​	5,389(+14%)	45(+4.7%)
2020-04-06		​ ​ ​	6,343(+18%)	47(+4.4%)
2020-04-07		​ ​ ​	7,497(+18%)	58(+23%)
2020-04-08		​ ​ ​	8,672(+16%)	63(+8.6%)
2020-04-09		​ ​ ​	10,131(+17%)	76(+21%)
2020-04-10		​ ​ ​	11,917(+18%)	94(+24%)
2020-04-11		​ ​ ​	13,584(+14%)	106(+13%)
2020-04-12		​ ​ ​	15,770(+16%)	130(+23%)
2020-04-13		​ ​ ​	18,328(+16%)	148(+14%)
2020-04-14		​ ​ ​	21,102(+15%)	170(+15%)
2020-04-15		​ ​ ​	24,490(+16%)	198(+16%)
2020-04-16		​ ​ ​	27,938(+14%)	232(+17%)
2020-04-17		​ ​ ​	32,008(+15%)	273(+18%)
2020-04-18		​ ​ ​	36,793(+15%)	313(+15%)
2020-04-19		​ ​ ​	42,853(+16%)	361(+15%)
2020-04-20		​ ​ ​	47,121(+10%)	405(+12%)
2020-04-21		​ ​ ​	52,763(+12%)	456(+13%)
2020-04-22		​ ​ ​	57,999(+9.9%)	513(+12%)
2020-04-23		​ ​ ​	62,773(+8.2%)	555(+8.2%)
2020-04-24		​ ​ ​	68,622(+9.3%)	615(+11%)
2020-04-25		​ ​ ​	74,588(+8.7%)	681(+11%)
2020-04-26		​ ​ ​	80,949(+8.5%)	747(+9.7%)
2020-04-27		​ ​ ​	87,147(+7.7%)	794(+6.3%)
2020-04-28		​ ​ ​	93,558(+7.4%)	867(+9.2%)
2020-04-29		​ ​ ​	99,399(+6.2%)	972(+12%)
2020-04-30		​ ​ ​	106,498(+7.1%)	1,073(+10%)
2020-05-01		​ ​ ​	114,431(+7.4%)	1,169(+8.9%)
2020-05-02		​ ​ ​	124,054(+8.4%)	1,222(+4.5%)
2020-05-03		​ ​ ​	134,687(+8.6%)	1,280(+4.7%)
2020-05-04		​ ​ ​	145,268(+7.9%)	1,356(+5.9%)
2020-05-05		​ ​ ​	155,370(+7%)	1,451(+7%)
2020-05-06		​ ​ ​	165,929(+6.8%)	1,537(+5.9%)
2020-05-07		​ ​ ​	177,160(+6.8%)	1,625(+5.7%)
2020-05-08		​ ​ ​	187,859(+6%)	1,723(+6%)
2020-05-09		​ ​ ​	198,676(+5.8%)	1,827(+6%)
2020-05-10		​ ​ ​	209,688(+5.5%)	1,915(+4.8%)
2020-05-11		​ ​ ​	221,344(+5.6%)	2,009(+4.9%)
2020-05-12		​ ​ ​	232,243(+4.9%)	2,116(+5.3%)
2020-05-13		​ ​ ​	242,271(+4.3%)	2,212(+4.5%)
2020-05-14		​ ​ ​	252,245(+4.1%)	2,305(+4.2%)
2020-05-15		​ ​ ​	262,843(+4.2%)	2,418(+4.9%)
2020-05-16		​ ​ ​	272,043(+3.5%)	2,537(+4.9%)
2020-05-17		​ ​ ​	281,752(+3.6%)	2,631(+3.7%)
2020-05-18		​ ​ ​	290,678(+3.2%)	2,722(+3.5%)
2020-05-19		​ ​ ​	299,941(+3.2%)	2,837(+4.2%)
2020-05-20		​ ​ ​	308,705(+2.9%)	2,972(+4.8%)
2020-05-21		​ ​ ​	317,554(+2.9%)	3,099(+4.3%)
2020-05-22		​ ​ ​	326,448(+2.8%)	3,249(+4.8%)
2020-05-23		​ ​ ​	335,882(+2.9%)	3,388(+4.3%)
2020-05-24		​ ​ ​	344,481(+2.6%)	3,541(+4.5%)
2020-05-25		​ ​ ​	353,427(+2.6%)	3,633(+2.6%)
2020-05-26		​ ​ ​	362,342(+2.5%)	3,807(+4.8%)
2020-05-27		​ ​ ​	370,680(+2.3%)	3,968(+4.2%)
2020-05-28		​ ​ ​	379,051(+2.3%)	4,142(+4.4%)
2020-05-29		​ ​ ​	387,623(+2.3%)	4,374(+5.6%)
2020-05-30		​ ​ ​	396,575(+2.3%)	4,555(+4.1%)
2020-05-31		​ ​ ​	405,843(+2.3%)	4,693(+3%)
2020-06-01		​ ​ ​	414,878(+2.2%)	4,855(+3.5%)
2020-06-02		​ ​ ​	423,741(+2.1%)	5,037(+3.7%)
2020-06-03		​ ​ ​	432,277(+2%)	5,215(+3.5%)
2020-06-04		​ ​ ​	441,108(+2%)	5,384(+3.2%)
2020-06-05		​ ​ ​	449,834(+2%)	5,528(+2.7%)
2020-06-06		​ ​ ​	458,689(+2%)	5,725(+3.6%)
2020-06-07		​ ​ ​	467,673(+2%)	5,859(+2.3%)
2020-06-08		​ ​ ​	476,658(+1.9%)	5,971(+1.9%)
2020-06-09		​ ​ ​	485,253(+1.8%)	6,142(+2.9%)
2020-06-10		​ ​ ​	493,657(+1.7%)	6,358(+3.5%)
2020-06-11		​ ​ ​	502,436(+1.8%)	6,532(+2.7%)
2020-06-12		​ ​ ​	511,423(+1.8%)	6,715(+2.8%)
2020-06-13		​ ​ ​	520,129(+1.7%)	6,829(+1.7%)
2020-06-14		​ ​ ​	528,964(+1.7%)	6,948(+1.7%)
2020-06-15		​ ​ ​	537,210(+1.6%)	7,091(+2.1%)
2020-06-16		​ ​ ​	545,458(+1.5%)	7,284(+2.7%)
2020-06-17		​ ​ ​	553,301(+1.4%)	7,478(+2.7%)
2020-06-18		​ ​ ​	561,091(+1.4%)	7,660(+2.4%)
2020-06-19		​ ​ ​	569,063(+1.4%)	7,841(+2.4%)
2020-06-20		​ ​ ​	576,952(+1.4%)	8,002(+2.1%)
2020-06-21		​ ​ ​	584,680(+1.3%)	8,111(+1.4%)
2020-06-22		​ ​ ​	592,280(+1.3%)	8,206(+1.2%)
2020-06-23		​ ​ ​	599,705(+1.3%)	8,359(+1.9%)
2020-06-24		​ ​ ​	606,881(+1.2%)	8,513(+1.8%)
2020-06-25		​ ​ ​	613,994(+1.2%)	8,605(+1.1%)
2020-06-26		​ ​ ​	620,794(+1.1%)	8,781(+2%)
2020-06-27		​ ​ ​	627,646(+1.1%)	8,969(+2.1%)
2020-06-28		​ ​ ​	634,437(+1.1%)	9,073(+1.2%)
2020-06-29		​ ​ ​	641,156(+1.1%)	9,166(+1%)
2020-06-30		​ ​ ​	647,849(+1%)	9,320(+1.7%)
2020-07-01		​ ​ ​	654,405(+1%)	9,536(+2.3%)
2020-07-02		​ ​ ​	661,165(+1%)	9,683(+1.5%)
2020-07-03		​ ​ ​	667,883(+1%)	9,859(+1.8%)
2020-07-04		​ ​ ​	674,515(+0.99%)	10,027(+1.7%)
2020-07-05		​ ​ ​	681,251(+1%)	10,161(+1.3%)
2020-07-06		​ ​ ​	687,862(+0.97%)	10,296(+1.3%)
2020-07-07		​ ​ ​	694,230(+0.93%)	10,494(+1.9%)
2020-07-08		​ ​ ​	700,792(+0.95%)	10,667(+1.6%)
2020-07-09		​ ​ ​	707,301(+0.93%)	10,843(+1.6%)
2020-07-10		​ ​ ​	713,936(+0.94%)	11,017(+1.6%)
2020-07-11		​ ​ ​	720,547(+0.93%)	11,205(+1.7%)
2020-07-12		​ ​ ​	727,162(+0.92%)	11,335(+1.2%)
2020-07-13		​ ​ ​	733,699(+0.9%)	11,439(+0.92%)
2020-07-14		​ ​ ​	739,947(+0.85%)	11,614(+1.5%)
2020-07-15		​ ​ ​	746,369(+0.87%)	11,770(+1.3%)
2020-07-16		​ ​ ​	752,797(+0.86%)	11,937(+1.4%)
2020-07-17		​ ​ ​	759,203(+0.85%)	12,123(+1.6%)
2020-07-18		​ ​ ​	765,437(+0.82%)	12,247(+1%)
2020-07-19		​ ​ ​	771,546(+0.8%)	12,342(+0.78%)
2020-07-20		​ ​ ​	777,486(+0.77%)	12,427(+0.69%)
2020-07-21		​ ​ ​	783,328(+0.75%)	12,580(+1.2%)
2020-07-22		​ ​ ​	789,190(+0.75%)	12,745(+1.3%)
2020-07-23		​ ​ ​	795,038(+0.74%)	12,892(+1.2%)
2020-07-24		​ ​ ​	800,849(+0.73%)	13,046(+1.2%)
2020-07-25		​ ​ ​	806,720(+0.73%)	13,192(+1.1%)
2020-07-26		​ ​ ​	812,485(+0.71%)	13,269(+0.58%)
2020-07-27		​ ​ ​	818,120(+0.69%)	13,354(+0.64%)
2020-07-28		​ ​ ​	823,515(+0.66%)	13,504(+1.1%)
2020-07-29		​ ​ ​	828,990(+0.66%)	13,673(+1.3%)
2020-07-30		​ ​ ​	834,499(+0.66%)	13,802(+0.94%)
2020-07-31		​ ​ ​	839,981(+0.66%)	13,963(+1.2%)
2020-08-01		​ ​ ​	845,443(+0.65%)	14,058(+0.68%)
2020-08-02		​ ​ ​	850,870(+0.64%)	14,128(+0.5%)
2020-08-03		​ ​ ​	856,264(+0.63%)	14,207(+0.56%)
2020-08-04		​ ​ ​	861,423(+0.6%)	14,351(+1%)
2020-08-05		​ ​ ​	866,627(+0.6%)	14,490(+0.97%)
2020-08-06		​ ​ ​	871,894(+0.61%)	14,606(+0.8%)
2020-08-07		​ ​ ​	877,135(+0.6%)	14,725(+0.81%)
2020-08-08		​ ​ ​	882,347(+0.59%)	14,854(+0.88%)
2020-08-09		​ ​ ​	887,536(+0.59%)	14,931(+0.52%)
2020-08-10		​ ​ ​	892,654(+0.58%)	15,001(+0.47%)
2020-08-11		​ ​ ​	897,599(+0.55%)	15,131(+0.87%)
2020-08-12		​ ​ ​	902,701(+0.57%)	15,260(+0.85%)
2020-08-13		​ ​ ​	907,758(+0.56%)	15,384(+0.81%)
2020-08-14		​ ​ ​	912,823(+0.56%)	15,498(+0.74%)
2020-08-15		​ ​ ​	917,884(+0.55%)	15,617(+0.77%)
2020-08-16		​ ​ ​	922,853(+0.54%)	15,685(+0.44%)
Sources: Updates by the Russian Ministry of Health[4] Updates published by the government commission on coronavirus[5]

January-February 2020

On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan, Hubei, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.[6][7] Compared to SARS of 2003, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19[8][9] has been much lower, but the incubation period and transmission have been significantly greater, resulting in a significant total death toll.[10][8]

On 31 January, the first two cases in the country were confirmed, one in Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast, and another one in Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai. Both were Chinese nationals.[11]

On 23 February, eight Russians from the cruise ship Diamond Princess were evacuated to Kazan, Tatarstan where they were hospitalised, including three confirmed cases.[12] These cases were listed as occurring on international conveyance and not included in official Russian statistics by Rospotrebnadzor. These eight people, including the three patients who recovered, were discharged from hospital on 8 March.[13] Some of Russia's citizens abroad have been confirmed to be infected, on 28 February a Russian man tested positive in Azerbaijan after he had visited Iran. While some days later the Health ministry of the UAE announced that two Russians got the virus in the United Arab Emirates.[14]

March 2020

There were no other confirmed cases until 2 March when the first case in Moscow was confirmed.[15][16] The patient was a young man who fell ill on 21 February while on holiday in Italy, and returned to Russia on 23 February, staying at his house in Moscow Oblast.[15] He showed up with symptoms at a clinic on 27 February, and was then hospitalised in Moscow.[15] On 5 March, the first case in Saint Petersburg was confirmed. The patient was an Italian student who returned to Russia from Italy on 29 February, was hospitalised on 2 March.[17] On 6 March, six more cases were confirmed, with five of them being in Moscow and one of them being in Nizhny Novgorod. All of them were reported to be linked to Italy.[18]

On 19 March, the first death of a patient with confirmed COVID-19 was reported in Moscow. A 79-year-old woman was first hospitalised on 13 March and transferred to a private clinic the next day. Upon confirmation of COVID-19 she was transferred to an intensive care ward in Moscow Infectious Hospital No. 2. She also suffered from numerous underlying health conditions and other diseases.[19][20] However, pulmonary embolism was identified as the direct cause of her death,[21] she had no pathological changes in lungs,[22] and her death was not officially counted as caused by coronavirus.[23][24] The victim was identified in the media as Valentina Zubareva, professor at the Gubkin University, she had contracted the disease in Russia.[25] The first two confirmed deaths were recorded on 25 March in Moscow. The patients were 73 and 88 years old and had been tested positive for the coronavirus.[26]

On 25 March, President Putin announced that the 2020 Russian constitutional referendum would be postponed due to the epidemic.[27] He said that the next week starting with 30 March, would be non-working nationwide and urged Russians to stay at home.[28][29] Later, the non-working period was prolonged twice, lasting until 11 May.[30][31] On 27 March, international flights were grounded after the government ordered the civil aviation authority to suspend all regular and charter flights to and from the country.[32] On 29 March, Mayor of Moscow Sergey Sobyanin issued a stay-at-home order starting the next day.[33] On 30 March, similar orders or recommendations were announced in numerous other federal subjects, with many more announcing such restrictions over the next few days.[34] The same day, the border was shut, with all border crossings closed.[35]

April 2020

On 11 April, Moscow's mayor, Sobyanin, signed a decree introducing a digital pass system to enforce the coronavirus lockdown, in which residents would require such a permit to travel around the city and Moscow Oblast using personal and public transport, with different types of passes including travelling to work, visiting hospitals and clinics, and private trips. Such permits would become mandatory on 15 April.[36]

On 29 April, Moscow Mayor Sergey Sobyanin said on social media that the city would start constructing temporary hospitals that would have a total of 10,000 hospital beds for coronavirus patients.[37] Russia also indefinitely extended its entry ban for foreigners, which was originally set until 1 May, with Prime Minister Mishustin saying that the ban will be lifted when the coronavirus situation improves.[38] On 30 April, Prime Minister Mishustin said that he tested positive for the virus.[39]

May 2020

On 9 May, with the 2020 Moscow Victory Day Parade postponed, celebrations marking the 75th anniversary of the surrender of Nazi Germany were reduced. An air show took place in Moscow instead and President Putin laid flowers at the Eternal Flame outside the Kremlin. Authorities also urged citizens to stay at home instead.[40]

On 10 May, the World Health Organisation's representative to Russia, Melita Vujnovic, said that day that Russia may have reached the plateau for the virus.[41] On 11 May, President Putin announced the end of the national non-working period on 12 May and he also announced additional support measures including bonuses for doctors, subsidies for companies and payments to families with children. He also said that regional leaders can choose to keep restrictions.[31] The same day, the reproduction rate of the virus in Moscow fell below 1 for the first time, from 1.02 the previous day to 0.96, and on 14 May, the rate across Russia fell below 1 for the first time, from 1.01 the previous day to 0.97.[42][43]

On 26 May, Putin announced that the postponed 2020 Victory Day Parade would be held on 24 June.[44] On 27 May, Sobyanin announced that some restrictions in Moscow would be eased on 1 June, with all non-food stores and some service sector businesses re-opening and residents would be able to go outside for walks and sport according to a schedule.[45] On 30 May, Health Minister Mikhail Murashko said that vaccine tests were under way and that clinical trials were planned to begin in the next two weeks.[46]

June 2020

On 1 June, the postponed referendum was announced to be held on 1 July.[47] Reuters news agency also reported that Russia would roll out its first approved drug to treat COVID-19 in the next week.[48] On 2 June, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin said that the government would launch a 5 trillion ruble ($73 billion) recovery plan in the next month to counteract the pandemic's economic impact.[49]

On 8 June, Moscow's mayor, Sobyanin, said that the city would lift coronavirus restrictions. Self-isolation rules and travel permits would be waived on 9 June, with no more walking schedules. Residents would be able to freely travel around the city and visit public places. Places like beauty salons, hairdressers and veterinarian clinics would re-open, with other places like restaurants re-opening over the course of June. Residents are still required to wear face masks and gloves and are advised to maintain their distance from others.[50][51] That day, Prime Minister Mishustin also announced the partial re-opening of the border for some travellers, saying that it would allow citizens to leave the country for work, studying, medical treatment or to take care of relatives. It would also allow foreign citizens to enter for medical treatment or those needing to care for relatives and family.[52]

On 22 June, Moscow's mayor, Sobyanin, announced further easing of restrictions on 23 June with cafes and restaurants reopening as well as fitness centres and swimming pools. Restrictions on libraries, kindergartens would be lifted.[53] On 23 June, President Putin announced changes to the tax system and further state benefits.[54] On 24 June, the Victory Day parade in Red Square took place while it was reported that 30 major cities in Russia had cancelled their parade.[55]

July 2020

On 1 July, the main day for the vote on constitutional amendments took place. On 8 July, the governor of Moscow Oblast, Andrey Vorobyov, signed a decree easing some restrictions in the region including allowing restaurants, cafes, bars and other catering establishments to reopen from 25 July as well as a number of other places to reopen from 15 July.[56] On 9 July, Moscow's authorities announced further easing of some restrictions with cinemas allowed to reopen and concerts allowed to be held from 1 August provided that they meet certain requirements. Attractions would be able to reopen and restrictions on places like parks and cultural centres would be removed on 13 July. Universities and schools would also be able to return to normal and the use of face masks and gloves outdoors would no longer be required except in public transport, shops and crowded areas.[57][58]

On 10 July, Tatyana Golikova said that starting on 15 July, authorities will start to gradually lift restrictions on flights abroad and will begin negotiations to restart international flights.[59] On 12 July, it was reported that Sechenov University had completed testing of a vaccine developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology on volunteers and that scientists had confirmed its safety.[60] On 15 July, the 14-day quarantine requirement for arrivals in the country was abolished with arrivals now requiring medical documents in English or Russian showing a negative test. If an arrival does not have such documents, they will be placed into observation until they get a negative test result. Tatyana Golikova previously said that quarantines can be maintained for Russians returning from countries with high infection rates.[61] On 16 July, Reuters reported that 30 million doses of the experimental vaccine would be produced domestically in Russia and the potential for 170 million to be manufactured abroad, according to the head of RDIF, Kirill Dmitriev. He also said that a Phase III trial involving several thousand people is expected to start in August.[62]

On 24 July, Tatyana Golikova said that the country plans to resume some international flights on 1 August, with the list of destinations currently limited to Tanzania, Turkey and the United Kingdom. This would include airports in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Rostov-on-Don to and from the island of Zanzibar, London, Istanbul and Ankara. She said that more destinations in Turkey would be added from 10 August. She also said that a list of more countries was being worked on by authorities on a mutual basis.[63]

August 2020

On 1 August, the Abkhazia-Russia border was reopened.[64] The Minister of Health, Mikhail Murashko, said that mass vaccinations are planned to begin in October, first to health workers and teachers.[65] Flights between Switzerland and Russia were announced to resume on 15 August, with one flight each week to and from Geneva and Moscow.[66][67]

On 11 August, President Putin said in a meeting that the first vaccine in the world against the coronavirus, developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, was registered in Russia and that one of his daughters was vaccinated.[68] The previous day, the Association of Clinical Research Organisations, a union of pharmaceutical companies in Russia, urged the head of the Ministry of Health to delay the registration due to incomplete testing.[69] The head of the RDIF stated that 20 countries had requested in total 1 billion doses of the vaccine, named Sputnik V.[70]

Treatment

Overview

As of 28 April, the Ministry of Health approved the 6th version of the temporary methodological recommendations: prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The focus is on early intervention prior to receiving test results for suspected cases in an outpatient setting. On 17 April, the second version of the officially not approved temporary guidelines was published - "Drug treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in outpatient practice during the COVID-19 epidemic" by the Ministry of Health. This is designed to provide recommendations of the combination of antiviral drugs that can be used for urgent outpatient treatment of patients with ARVI symptoms without waiting for the results of testing. These documents advise that it is clinically proven that an early start to treatment provides an easier and shorter course of the disease, while no scientific data yet support this statement. Recommendations for drug treatment of ARVI were published on the website of the Ministry of Health.[71]

Diagnosis

The definition of a suspicious case in the guidelines (translated from Russian) is as follows "any case of acute respiratory infection (body temperature above 37.5 °C and one or more of the following symptoms: cough - dry or with sputum, shortness of breath, feeling of stuffiness in the chest, blood saturation with oxygenpulse oximetry (SpO2) ≤ 95%, sore throat, runny nose and other catarrhal symptoms) in the absence of other known causes that explain the clinical picture"

The guidelines define a mild ARVI as follows:

• body temperature below 38 °C;
• respiratory rate less than 22 per min;
• oxygen saturation (SpO2) more than 95%;
• lack of shortness of breath;
• lack of clinical and auscultatory picture of pneumonia.[72]

Drugs used

The guidelines clearly stated that no one drug is experimentally proven effective as antiviral agent against COVID-19. It recommend "several drugs that can be used both in monotherapy and in combination: INN: chloroquine, INN: hydroxychloroquine, INN: mefloquine, INN: lopinavir/ritonavir, INN: azithromycin. Among the drugs that are being tested in vitro and already are in clinical trials in patients with COVID-19 are the following: INN: umifenovir, INN: remdesivir, INN: favipiravir and others."[72]

Initial treatment prior to laboratory confirmation of diagnosis is the "use of reduced dosages INN: hydroxychloroquine and INN: mefloquine, which reduces their risk cardiotoxicity without a significant decrease in effectiveness." with a rider "Given the little experience with mefloquine with COVID-19, its use is recommended only when hydroxychloroquine is unavailable."[72]

According to the guidelines, after laboratory confirmation of diagnosis the treatment is as follows:

1. recombinant interferon alfa: Drops or spray in each nasal passage 5-6 times a day (single dose - 3000 ME, daily dose- 15000-18000 ME) + hydroxychloroquine 600 mg on the first day (3times 200 mg), 400 mg on the second day (2 times 200 mg), then200 mg per day for 5 days;
2. umifenovir: 200 mg 4 times a day + hydroxychloroquine 600 mg the first day (3 times 200 mg), 400 mg on the second day (2 times 200mg), then 200 mg per day for 5 days;
3. recombinant interferon alfa: Drops or spray in each nasal passage 5-6 times a day (single dose - 3000 ME, daily dose -15000-18000 ME) + mefloquine 500 mg on the first and second day (2 times 250 mg), then 250 mg per day for 5 days *;
4. umifenovir : 200 mg 4 times a day + mefloquine 500 mg in the first and the second day (2 times 250 mg), then 250 mg per day for 5days *;
5. recombinant interferon alfa: Drops or spray in each nasal passage 5-6 times a day (single dose - 3000 ME, daily dose -15000-18000 ME) + umifenovir, 200 mg 4 times a day - during 5 days**.[72]

Both recombinant interferon alfa and umifenovir are unique recommendations from Russian authors. They have no international recognition, because are not based on the appropriate research data.

* when hydroxychloroquine is unavailable; ** - if there are contraindications to the appointment hydroxychloroquine and mefloquine[72]

More detailed treatment plans for different severalties along with diagnosis and treatment pathways are in the appendices to the guidelines.[72]

The guidelines state that "Given the lack of objective evidence of effectiveness the use of the above drugs with COVID-19, the appointment of treatment must necessarily be accompanied by voluntary informed consent of the patient (or his legal representative)."[72]

On 8 July, Reuters reported that Russia approved the use of a new anti-viral drug of undisclosed structure, Coronavir, for mild to moderate COVID-19.[73]

In August, a new drug called leitragin, based on the drug Dalargin, was patented by the Russian Patent Office. The drug is awaiting clinical trials.[74]

Clinically trialled drugs

On 30 May, the Health Ministry approved Avifavir as having been "highly effective" in the first phase of clinical trials. 330 patients are taking part in the final stage of clinical trials and the results are expected to be announced on 1 June. Avifavir was developed with the backing of the Russia Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) and is a generic form of favipiravir which has been used in Japan since 2014 for severe influenza.[75][76][77]

Noninvasive ventilation

On 2 June, the Russian Academy of Sciences announced the results of a study of 76 patients that showed that 71% of patients with acute respiratory failure could be treated with non-invasive lung ventilation provided this was applied in the early stages. This is significant because the death rate is as high as 70% for those that are not treated early enough and have to have invasive lung ventilation with drugs for sedation.[78]

Announcement of Vaccine

On August 1, the Minister of Health of Russia Mikhail Murashko reported that clinical trials of the SARS-CoV-2 corona virus vaccine, developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, have been officially completed. He expressed the hope that the vaccine will be suitable for children, but according to Russian law, after the completion of the third phase of testing, the drug will be allowed to be tested on minors.

Healthcare system

See also: Healthcare in Russia, Health care systems by country, List of countries by hospital beds, and Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation § The number of ECMOs by countries and territories

Overview

On 19 March 2020, the Russian Government reported the following data. More than 55 thousand beds for infectious cases were deployed, including more than 12 thousand intensive care units and 396 observatories. 7.5 thousand Melzer boxes were prepared. Medical organisations have more than 40 thousand devices for artificial lung ventilation, 124 devices for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The government of the Russian Federation has allocated resources for the additional purchase of more than 500 devices, including 17 ECMO devices. Today, 6,000 infectious diseases doctors and almost 2,000 pulmonologists, more than 18,000 nurses are ready to provide medical assistance.[79]

According to the OECD, Russia ranks third in the number of beds per capita. However, bed equipment varies from hospital to hospital. In terms of equipment – for example, CT and MRI devices – Russia is in 28th place with a dramatic gap from the leaders. Rosstat does not publish data on the number of places in intensive care units and equipment. In total, there are 1 million 172,000 beds in Russian hospitals, according to Rosstat data for 2018. These include intensive care units. An intensive care bed means a bed equipped with a set of equipment for resuscitation and intensive care, including ventilators. The Institute of Phthisiopulmonology and infectious diseases of the Ministry of Health estimated the number of intensive care beds at just 12,000, which is three times less than the Ministry of Health's standard. The proekt.media independent investigative website was able to find data on the number of intensive care beds in only 23 regions. Only Moscow, Kalmykia, Altai, and Komi reached a standard of 3%. Other regions are significantly below the standard.
Separate ventilators in hospitals should be more than intensive care beds. The number of ventilators in a region should be at least 1.5 times more than the number of intensive care beds. There are no official statistics on the number of ventilators. Federal authorities with the beginning of the epidemic conducted their own calculations: Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova said that Russia has 40,000 ventilators. This is 3.4% of the total number of beds in Russia, and more than 12 thousand devices are missing from the standards of the Ministry of health. This is a total deficit of 23%, but in some regions, it is much larger. The proekt.media website tried to find sources of information to evaluate that all the devices included in the statistics are in working order. 58% of ventilators are more than 9 years old. Components may require more frequent replacement. For example, the oxygen sensor of the American model common in Russia, Puritan Bennett, is subject to replacement every two years.[80]

Data collected by the news website Meduza indicates that Russia's supply of ventilators is quite extensive: Even the number available per capita in some geographically peripheral regions, not to mention Moscow, significantly exceeds ventilator supplies in Western countries.[81]

A Meduza investigation revealed that the areas with the highest proportions of elderly residents (Tula, Tambov, Ryazan, and Tver regions) are most vulnerable to the epidemic because of the few numbers of ventilators and, in particular, Tula and Tver governors didn't issue general stay-at-home orders.[82]

Statistics

Extended content

VENTILATORS PER 100,000 RESIDENTS REGION VENTILATORS PER 100,000 RESIDENTS Khanty-Mansi AO 56.8 Samara region 42.6 Amur region 42.5 Moscow (city) 40 Kirov region 39.6 Arkhangelsk region 38.4 Sakha Republic (Yakutia) 37.2 Sakhalin region 37.1 Tomsk region 37.1 St. Petersburg (city) 35.2 Lipetsk region 35.1 Sverdlovsk region 35 Chuvash Republic (Chuvashia) 34.7 Altai Krai 34.6 Republic of Crimea (status disputed) 34.3 Republic of Karelia 32.5 Yaroslavl region 31.5 Vladimir region 31.4 Tambov region 31.2 Penza region 30.7 Murmansk region 30.5 Pskov region 30.3 Republic of Tatarstan 28.2 Orenburg region 27.7 Russia 27.3 Kemerovo region 27.3 Ryazan region 27.1 Irkutsk region 26.5 Republic of Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) 25.5 Republic of Buryatia 24.9 VENTILATORS PER 100,000 RESIDENTS REGION VENTILATORS PER 100,000 RESIDENTS Krasnoyarsk Krai 24.6 Chelyabinsk region 24.5 Astrakhan region 23.9 Zabaikalsky Krai 22.8 Saratov region 22.1 Vologda region 22.1 Kursk region 21.9 Orel region 21.8 Mari El Republic 20.9 Novosibirsk region 20.4 Tula region 20.3 Udmurt Republic (Udmurtia) 20.2 Perm Krai 20 Kostroma region 19.1 United States 18.8 Kaliningrad region 18.8 Omsk region 18.7 Ivanovo region 17.9 Krasnodar Krai 17.6 Belgorod region 16.8 Rostov region 15.3 Voronezh region 15 Leningrad region 14.3 United Kingdom 12.9 Sevastopol (city; status disputed) 12.9 Tver region 9.4 Ukraine 8.6 Italy 8.3 Kaluga region 4.8

Government responses

Main article: Russian government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

The government of Russia has initially responded to the pandemic with preventive measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019, which involved imposing quarantines, carrying raids on potential virus carriers, and using facial recognition to impose quarantine measures.[83] Measures to prevent a crisis in Russia include banning the export of medical masks, random checks on the Moscow Metro, and cancellation of large-scale events by schools. The Russian government has also taken measures to prevent foreign citizens from heavily affected countries from visiting Russia.[84] Local governments have also responded to the pandemic by imposing their own preventive measures in their communities.

Lockdowns

Map of federal subjects that have announced the "self-isolation regime".

  Stay-at-home order

  Partial restrictions or recommendations

Playground closed for quarantine, 7 April 2020

On 28 March, Chechen authorities urged the population of the republic to stay at their places of permanent residence, and banned entry to Grozny for anyone except emergency services, food supplies, government officials, police, and journalists.[85] On the next day, Chechnya closed its borders, with a full lockdown coming into effect on 30 March.[86]

On 29 March, Moscow issued a stay-at-home order for all residents starting on 30 March. Muscovites were not allowed to leave their homes except in cases of emergency medical care and other threats to life and health, to travel to work for those who are obliged to, to make purchases in the nearest shop or pharmacy, to walk pets at a distance not exceeding 100 metres from the place of residence, as well as to take out the garbage. People were instructed to keep a distance of 1.5 metres from other people. Those recently unemployed will receive 19,500 rubles a month.[87][88] After that, a similar regime was introduced in Moscow Oblast at 20:00 MSK on 29 March.[89]

On 30 March, similar orders were announced in Adygea, the Komi Republic, Mari El, Tatarstan, Chuvashia, some districts of Yakutia, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan,[90] Belgorod, Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Kursk, Lipetsk, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Ryazan, Saratov, Sverdlovsk, Ulyanovsk and Vologda oblasts, the cities of Bryansk and Saint Petersburg.[91][92] Leningrad Oblast banned movement of people between districts and introduced a lockdown in the town of Murino.[93]

On 31 March, the "self-isolation regime" was announced in republics of Altai, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Dagestan,[94] Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Karelia,[95] Khakassia, Mordovia, Udmurtia and Tuva, Altai, Khabarovsk (for those over 65), Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Primorsky, Stavropol and Zabaykalsky krais, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma,[96] Kurgan, Magadan, Novosibirsk, Omsk,[97] Penza, Pskov (for those over 65), Rostov, Sakhalin, Samara, Smolensk,[98] Tambov, Tomsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Voronezh and Yaroslavl[99] oblasts, Khanty-Mansi[100] and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast,[101] the city of Sevastopol.[102][103][104][92] Republics of Yakutia and Karelia limited the sale of alcohol.[105]

On 1 April, the "self-isolation regime" was announced in the disputed territory of Crimea and Sevastopol,[106] the republic of North Ossetia–Alania,[107] Kamchatka[108] and Khabarovsk[109] krais, Ivanovo[110] and Orenburg[111] oblasts. On 2 April, the measures were announced in Amur Oblast (for those over 65), Tyumen Oblast,[112] and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.[113] On 3 April, the measures were announced in Oryol Oblast[114] and Tula Oblast (for those over 65).[115]

Foreign aid

In early February, aid was sent to China.[116][117]

On 21 March, it was announced that Russia delivered over 100,000 test kits to 13 countries, including Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Serbia, Egypt, Venezuela, Iran, and North Korea.[118]

On 22 March, after a phone call with Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, Russian president Vladimir Putin arranged the Russian army to send medical help to Italy, which was the European country hardest hit by coronavirus.[119]

On 1 April, a Russian military plane was sent to the United States to deliver medical equipment.[120] The equipment was apparently sold to the US.[121]

Economic impact

KFC restaurant in Pushkino, Moscow Oblast switched to a take-away regime.

On 20 February, Minister of Finance Anton Siluanov said Russia is losing around 1 billion rubles each day because of decreased trade with China.[122]

On 5 March, the head of the Russian Association of Tour Operators said Russia's tourism sector had already taken a 27 billion ruble hit from the impact of the coronavirus.[123]

As a result of the pandemic, factory output and transportation demand fell, bringing overall demand for oil down as well, and causing oil prices to fall. This triggered an OPEC summit in Vienna on 5 March. At the summit, OPEC agreed to cut oil production by an additional 1.5 million barrels per day through the second quarter of the year.[124] OPEC called on Russia and other non-OPEC members of OPEC+ to abide by the OPEC decision.[125] On 6 March, Russia rejected the demand, marking the end of the partnership, with oil prices falling 10% after the announcement.[126][127] On 8 March, Saudi Arabia initiated an oil price war with Russia, triggering a major fall in the price of oil around 30%.[128] The price war is one of the major causes of the currently ongoing global stock market crash. As the result of the oil price falling, the Russian ruble suffered a fall hitting a four-year low against the U.S. dollar.[129]

On 17 March, First Deputy Minister of Transport and Federal Air Transport Agency head Alexander Neradko said cancellation of international flights during the pandemic threatens to bankrupt multiple Russian airlines. Russian airlines lost an estimated 1.7 billion rubles due to the cancellation of flights to China in February. According to Neradko, airlines could lose another 100 billion rubles in revenues by the end of the year.[130]

On 23 March, Russia's federal list of "systemically important" companies was expanded to three times, featuring about 600 businesses. According to Vedomosti, the updated list includes new airlines (Rossiya, S7, Utair), airports (Moscow Domodedovo, Saint Petersburg Pulkovo), grocery chains (Vkusvill, Auchan), fast food chains (McDonald's, Burger King), and retail shops (Sportmaster, IKEA).[131]

On 24 March, Mayor of Moscow Sergey Sobyanin issued orders to support businesses which include postponing payments on organisations’ property and land taxes, deferring rental payments, reducing payments fixed in trading contracts and extending the deadlines for paying trade fees. On 25 March, President of Russia Vladimir Putin announced following measures for microenterprises, small- and medium-sized businesses: deferring tax payments (except Russia's value-added tax) for the next six months, cutting the size of social security contributions in half, deferring social security contributions, deferring loan repayments for the next six months, a six-month moratorium on fines, debt collection, and creditors’ applications for bankruptcy of debtor enterprises. Additionally, a new tax on income from large deposits will be introduced in 2021, and the tax on offshores will be increased.[132][133][134][135] On 27 March, the Association of Banks of Russia reported an increase of deposits closure.[136]

On 25 March, associations of companies of online shopping, retail, culinary, and nine other industries sent a letter to Prime Minister Mishustin, in which they warned of a possible collapse of their businesses and asked for numerous additional measures of support.[137] On 26 March, a petition signed by publishing houses and bookshops pleading for support was published.[138]

On 30 March, owners of hotels and restaurants asked the government for 1-year tax deferral and other fiscal measures.[139]

On 1 April, nearly 1.4 trillion rubles had been earmarked for fighting the virus and the pandemic's economic impact.[140]

Aeroflot′s low-cost carrier Pobeda Airlines announced it would stop flights on 1 April until 31 May.[141]

Sberbank and VTB Bank with backing from the Central Bank will start offering six-month, interest-free loans to businesses to help them pay employee salaries.[142]

The Eurasian Economic Union will ban export of the onions, garlics, turnips, rye, rice, buckwheat, proso millets, groats, whole-wheat flour, granules of cereal grain, pealed buckwheat grain, buckwheat ready meals, soybeans, sunflower seeds from 10 April to 30 June.[143]

On 14 April 2020, the International Monetary Fund projected Russia's real GDP growth rate to be −5.5% for 2020 in what it called "The Great Lockdown".[144] International ratings agency Moody's said in late April that it expected Russia's GDP to decline by 5.5% in 2020, with it growing by 2.2% in 2021.[145]

On 16 April, Minister of Economic Development Maxim Reshetnikov said that Russia is set to spend over 2 trillion rubles to counter the pandemic's effects.[140]

On 24 April, the Central Bank of Russia cut its key interest rate by 50 basis points to 5.5%.[140]

On 18 May, the Federal Air Transport Agency said that it allocated 7.89 billion rubles to Aeroflot as a partial compensation for losses due to the pandemic. It said it would consider applications from 6 more companies. Overall, the government had allocated 23.4 billion rubles to compensate for losses to airlines.[146]

On 2 June, Prime Minister Mishustin said that the government would launch a 5 trillion ruble ($73 billion) recovery plan in the next month to counteract against the pandemic's economic effects. The program would last until the end of 2021 with the target of bringing the unemployment rate back to under 5% and economic growth of 2.5% a year. It was reported that the plan would include greater daily spending from the federal budget and lost tax revenues, and that the recovery package could overall be worth 7.3 trillion rubles ($106 billion) once long-term infrastructure projects, which isn't counted against the regular annual budget, are included. Mishustin said that the program was divided into 3 stages consisting of "stabilisation" (until end of 2020), "recovery" (until mid 2021) and "growth" from Q4 of 2021. It also outlines structural changes to labour regulations, including a new hourly minimum wage to support part-time work, encourage employment and decrease the size of the shadow economy. It is also planned to increase real wage growth by 2.5% and reduce the poverty rate of 12.3% in 2019.[49]

On 23 June, President Putin, in a televised address, announced additional economic and social support measures as a result of the pandemic's impact. He announced the end of Russia's flat income tax rate of 13% that he introduced in 2001 by increasing the tax rate for the top earners who earn over 5 million rubles to 15%, starting from 1 January 2021. He said that the extra revenue of around 60 billion rubles would go towards helping children with severe or rare diseases. He also announced other measures including increased benefits to families where both parents have lost their job and a one-off payment to families in July of 10,000 rubles for each child they have aged under 16. 100 billion rubles would also handed out in loans for businesses to pay employees. He also said that IT companies would benefit from an ultra-low tax regime and profits tax for them would be cut from 20% to 3%.[147][148][54]

On 17 July, Reuters reported that the economy shrank by 9.6% year-on-year in the 2nd quarter, the most in 20 years, according to the economy minister. Real disposable incomes fell by 8% in year-on-year terms in April to June according to Rosstat. It also said that Russia's industrial output fell by 9.4% in June compared to a year ago.[149]

On 22 July, the Economy Minister, Maxim Reshetnikov, was quoted as saying that Russia's GDP declined by 4.2% in the first half of 2020. He said that this ministry was maintaining its 2020 forecast of a decrease of 4.8%, but that it would be revised in August.[150]

On 4 August, the head of the Federal Tourism Agency, Zarina Doguzova, said that total losses for the tourism industry amounted to about 1.5 trillion rubles, with losses from the closure of the borders amounting to around 500 billion rubles.[151]

Political impact

Events

On 25 March, the 2020 constitutional referendum, which was originally scheduled for 22 April, was postponed by President Putin in a televised address to the nation.[152][153]

On 13 May 2020, the governors of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug announced their plan to merge following the collapse of oil prices stemming from the pandemic.[154] A referendum on the issue was planned to be held on 13 September 2020.[155] This could be the first merger of Russia's federal subjects since the unification of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug in 2008.[156] After protests in Nenets Autonomous Okrug including from local United Russia representatives, on 28 May the referendum was postponed indefinitely.[157]

Legislation

On 1 April, President Putin signed legislation imposing severe punishments for those convicted of spreading false information about the coronavirus and breaking quarantine rules.[158]

On 13 May, the State Duma submitted and passed amendments allowing electoral commissions to introduce postal or internet voting during elections and referendums. Previously, voting by mail could be allowed only in regions, but now it has been extended to the federal level. The amendment does not affect the 2020 constitutional referendum, the procedure of which is covered by a separate law. In addition to that, collecting voter signatures for registering a candidate or organising a referendum will be allowed through the Russian Public Services Portal, however the number of such signatures can't exceed 50%. The procedure of filling signature sheets has been changed as well, now voters have to fill their names personally. The number of maximum invalid signatures has been lowered from 10% to 5%. The Communist Party, LDPR and A Just Russia opposed the amendment, saying that the draft was not consulted with them. The law has been passed with 250 votes in favour and 83 against.[159][160]

Politicians infected

Federal Assembly

On 25 April, two cases were confirmed in the State Duma, the lower chamber of the Federal Assembly, the Russian parliament. They included deputies from the Communist Party Leonid Kalashnikov and Dmitry Novikov.[161]

On 6 May, United Russia deputy Svetlana Maksimova was diagnosed with COVID-19. She was hospitalised in Tver earlier.[162]

On 13 May, the Chairman of the State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin announced that five deputies had been infected in total. Three of them were hospitalised, one of which had been recovered. Oksana Pushkina from the United Russia party said that she is one of the two new confirmed cases.[163] On 18 May, the advisor of the chairman Anastasia Kashevarova said that six deputies had positive tests, two of them had recovered, two were hospitalised, another two were quarantined at home.[164]

On 20 May, the Chairwoman of the Federation Council, the upper chamber, Valentina Matviyenko said that five senators had recovered from COVID-19.[165]

Government

On 30 April, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin announced that he had tested positive for the virus. President Putin as a result signed an executive order to appoint First Deputy Prime Minister Andrey Belousov as Acting Prime Minister while Mishustin recovers.[39] On 19 May, President Putin reappointed Mishustin as the Prime Minister.[166]

On 1 May, Minister of Construction, Housing and Utilities Vladimir Yakushev and his deputy Dmitry Volkov were hospitalised because of positive tests. Another deputy, Nikita Stasishin was appointed as the acting minister.[167]

On 6 May, Minister of Culture Olga Lyubimova was confirmed to have tested positive for the virus. Her First Deputy, Sergey Obryvalin was appointed as the acting minister.[168]

On 14 May, President Putin said that Education and Science Minister Valery Falkov had recovered from COVID-19.[169]

Presidential Administration

On 12 May, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov confirmed that he tested positive for the virus. He said that the last time he met President Putin in person was over a month ago.[170] Peskov was discharged on 25 May and returned to his duties.[171]

Polls

In a poll carried out by the Levada Center from 24 to 27 April 2020, 46% of respondents approved of the president's and federal government's measures in combating the virus, while 48% disapproved with 18% believing it was excessive and 30% believing it was not enough. In the same poll, 50% of respondents approved of their local government's measures, while 45% disapproved with 15% believing it was excessive and 30% believing it was not enough.[172][173]

In another poll by the Levada Center carried out from 22 to 24 May 66% said that they approved of the measures taken by the president and federal government, while 32% disapproved. In the same poll, 63% approved of their local government's measures while 33% disapproved.[174]

President Putin's approval rating and trust rating fell during the pandemic. Putin's approval rating fell from 63% in March 2020 to 59% in April and May in polls by the Levada Center - the lowest recorded by the pollster during his time in power. In May, Putin's trust rating fell to its lowest: 25% said that they trusted Putin the most (out of a list of politicians) compared to 59% in November 2017 when the Levada Center began the polls.[175][176] In July, his trust rating fell to 23%.[177]

Social impact

Event cancellations

On 5 March, First Deputy Prime Minister Andrey Belousov announced the cancellation of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum which was due to be held from 3 to 6 June 2020.[178]

On 11 March, Russian Defence Minister Sergey Shoygu cancelled the Moscow International Security Conference which had been scheduled for 22 to 23 April.[178]

On 17 March, TASS reported that all football, hockey and basketball games were suspended until 10 April.[179] This was later extended to 31 May.[180] On the same day, UEFA confirmed postponing Euro 2020 until summer 2021, one of the venues of which is Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg.[181]

Despite the fact that a conscription started on 1 April, conscripts won't be sent to duty stations until 20 May.[182]

On 16 April, President Putin postponed the 2020 Victory Day Parade.[183][184] On 26 May, President Putin announced that the 2020 Victory Day Parade would be held on 24 June, coinciding with the Moscow Victory Parade of 1945.[44]

On 20 July, organisers for the "Immortal Regiment" march postponed the event to 9 May 2021.[185]

Religious services and organisations

On 17 March, the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church published Instructions to rectors of parishes and monasteries’ town churches, abbots and abbesses of the monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church over the threat of spreading coronavirus infection (in English), which said it had been approved by the ROC's Holy Synod and instructed the ROC's clergy to use disposable cups, gloves, and facial tissue during sacraments and celebrations, disinfect church plates and premises regularly, and refrain from offering the hand for kissing.[186] A nearly identical Russian-language Instructions were addressed to the clergy of the Moscow diocese and said it had been approved by the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'.[187] When in St. Petersburg attendance of places of worship was restricted for the public on 26 March, the Moscow Patriarchate's lawyer deemed it unlawful.[188]

On 29 March, the ROC's Patriarch Kirill delivered a sermon in the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour that urged people to refrain from visiting church, citing the life of St. Mary of Egypt.[189] On 3 April, Kirill issued an encyclical for the clergy and faithful of the "dioceses in the territory of the Russian Federation" urging the clergy to conduct church services without laypeople's presence.[190] As the city of Moscow decided to tighten lockdown measures starting from 13 April, and following a request from chief sanitary doctor of Moscow, the Patriarch's Vicar instructed that church services in the city diocese be held without public (laypeople).[191] A similar decision was taken in St. Petersburg.[192] As of 16 April 2020, according to RBK, 42 out of 85 federal subjects including Moscow, Moscow Oblast and Saint Petersburg, issued instructions to close places of worship for general public, which would extend into the Easter period, which in the Orthodox Church was to begin on 19 April.[193] Equivocation and occasionally contradictory instructions issued by the Moscow Patriarchate's top officials undermined the authority of the Church's leadership while restrictive measures caused opposition on the part of conservative circles of the ROC's congregation.[194][195] On Easter Sunday, the degree of admission restrictions, if any, to religious ceremonies varied significantly from region to region (federal subject), the ROC's branches outside the RF territory given free rein to find appropriate arrangement with local authorities.[196] While Patriarch Kirill presided over the Easter night service in Moscow's cathedral church with no laypeople in attendance, the ROC's most venerated St Trinity monastery in the Moscow region, which is under the Patriarch's direct spiritual authority, defied his directions by conducting Easter services as normal. This and similar incidents in other major monasteries led to massive spread of the COVID-19 infection in a number of the ROC's monasteries and seminaries in Russia as well as in Belarus and Ukraine.[195][197][198][199][200]

Various Muslim communities closed their mosques. In Moscow, the Cathedral Mosque, the Old Mosque, and the Memorial Mosque on Poklonnaya Hill closed on 18 March.[201] On 23 March, mosques in Crimea and Sevastopol were shut down.[202] On the next day, all the mosques in Krasnodar Krai and Adygea were closed as well.[203] Same measures were planned in Dagestan.[204]

On 18 March, Rabbi Berel Lazar closed the Bolshaya Bronnaya Synagogue, Maryina Roshcha Synagogue, and Zhukovka Jewish Centre.[205] Eleven members of the community were hospitalised, with four COVID-19 cases confirmed, the first one being a rabbi who felt sick after Purim celebration on 9 March.[206][207] On 24 March, Rabbi Berel Lazar and the Federation of Jewish Communities recommended that all synagogues to close down and the community centres and Jewish schools switch to distance education.[208]

Victims

Clerics

For the clerics of the Russian Orthodox Church, only those serving in Russia are included

• 11 April – Abdurakhman Martazanov, 64, chief mufti of Ingushetia, tested positive for COVID-19[209]
• 21 April – Alexander Ageykin, 48, protoiereus, dean of the Moscow Yelokhovo Cathedral[210]
• 23 April – Vladimir Veriga, 70, archpriest, head of the icon painting workshop "Alexandria"[211]
• 25 April – Yevgeny Trofimov, 61, protodeacon, priest of the Moscow Yelokhovo Cathedral[212]
• 26 April – Benjamin (Korolyov), 54, bishop of the Zheleznogorsk and Lgov eparchy[213]
• 3 May – Yevgeny Korchukov, 65, protoiereus, 65, cleric of the Khotkovo Monastery of the Intercession of the Virgin[214]
• 4 May – Jonah (Karpukhin), 79, metropolitan of the Astrakhan and Kamyzyak eparchy[215]
• 5 May – Tikhon (Barsukov), 65, сhief physician of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius and the Moscow Theological Academy[216]
• 7 May – Ambrose (Yurasov), 82, archimandrite, founder and ghostly father of the Presentation Nunnery in Ivanovo, died of pneumonia (suspected infection)[217]
• 7–8 May – Laurentius (Postnikov), 87, archimandrite of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (suspected infection)[218]
• 8 May – Callist (Kosulin), 58, hierodeacon of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius[219]
• 9 May – Aleksandr Voskoboynikov, 59, archpriest, senior priest of the Apostle Peter Church, died of pneumonia (suspected infection)[220]
• 11 May – Ilian (Plemenyuk), 77, archimandrite of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius[221]
• 13 May – Aleksey Penkov, 53, archpriest of the Life-Giving Trinity church in Moscow[222]
• 13 May – Peter (Gribov), hieromonk, priest of the Shuya eparchy of the Ivanovo metropolitanate[223]
• 14 May – Modest (Panchenko), 45, hieromonk of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, died from complications caused by COVID-19.[224]
• 15 May – Therapont (Appolonov), 60, hegumen, resident of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius[225]
• 1 June – Varnava (Kedrov), 89, Metropolitan of Cheboksary and Chuvashia[226]
• 23 June – Jampel Lodoy (Apysh-ool Sat), 44, Kamby Lama (Supreme Lama) of Tuva, tested positive for COVID-19[227]

Entertainers

• 19 April – Alexander Vustin, 76, composer, COVID-19 (not proven)[228]
• 20 April – Ivan Shchyogolev, 59, actor and director, died from complications caused by COVID-19 (not proven)[229]
• 30 April – Sergey Litovets, 58, director[230]
• 26 May - Samvel Gasparov, 81, filmmaker, director[231]
• 29 May – Yulyen Balmusov, 79, actor[232]
• 31 May – Anatoly Goldfeder, 69, general producer of the game show Pole Chudes, tested positive for COVID-19[233]
• 9 June – Anatoly Trushkin, 78, satirical writer, tested positive for COVID-19 in the beginning of May[234]

Medics

On 25 April 2020, it was reported that doctors had published and were updating a public list of colleagues who had died during the pandemic which, as of 11 August, has 631 names.[235][236]

Military personnel

• 26 April – Alexander Filatov, 34, employee of the 6th Government Communications Management Division of the Federal Protective Service, died from pneumonia caused by COVID-19, according to Meduza[237]
• 30 April – Alexey Titov, 42, major of the Federal Protective Service, duty officer's assistant of the Moscow Kremlin's Commandant's Office, died from pneumonia caused by COVID-19, according to Meduza[238]

Politicians

• 18 April – Ivan Zhukov, 63, Moscow Oblast Duma deputy, deputy head of the United Russia parliamentary group, tested positive for COVID-19[239]
• 25 April – Konstantin Gergishan, 63, deputy of the Sochi City Assembly from United Russia[240]
• 16 May – Viktor Shudegov, 67, former member of the Federation Council and the State Duma, leader of A Just Russia party's regional office in Udmurtia[241]
• 17 May – Yevgeny Kuznetsov, 71, deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Zabaykalsky Krai from the Communist Party, allegedly tested positive for COVID-19[242]
• 26 May – Vladimir Lopukhin, 68, former Minister of Fuel and Energy of Russia (1991–1992)[243]
• 18 June – Mikhail Ignatyev, 58, former Head of the Chuvash Republic (2010–2020)[244]
• 22 July – Dmitry Degtyaryov, 42, Minister of Agriculture and Food of Sverdlovsk Oblast[245]

Scientists

• 7 April – Mishik Kazaryan, 72, physicist, professor, tested positive for COVID-19[246]
• 14 April – Danila Tlisov, 36, physicist at Institute for Nuclear Research[247]
• 24 April – Igor Goncharov, 80, Doctor of Medicine, professor, employee of the State Scientific Centre of the Institute for Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences[248]
• 5 May – Yevgeny Mikrin, 64, principal designer of manned programs and RSC Energia, tested positive for COVID-19[249]
• 12 May – Ernest Vinberg, 82, mathematician at Moscow State University[250]
• 20 May — Vyacheslav Bely, 74, physicist at IZMIRAN[251]

People in sports

• 13 May – Magomed Aliomarov, 67, head coach of the Russian women's national wrestling team, former wrestler[252]
• 31 May – Valery Ilyin, 72, modern pentathlon coach, former fencer[253]
• 3 July – Abdulmanap Nurmagomedov, 57, wrestling (freestyle & sombo) coach, father and personal coach of Khabib Nurmagomedov, a professional mixed martial artist[254]

Statistics

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in North Asia

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Europe

The official national statistics include data by region. As of May 2020, some local governments were separately reporting their own data that differed from the national government's count.[255]

Data by federal subject

COVID-19 pandemic in Russia by federal subjects (as of 7 August 2020)[1] ()

Federal subject		Total			Population (2020)[256]	Per 1 million
		Cases	Recov.	Deaths		Cases	Deaths
85 out of 85		877,135	683,592	14,725	146,748,590	5,977	100.3
	Moscow	246,154	187,576	4,546	12,678,079	19,416	358.6
	Moscow Oblast	64,555	48,005	1,120	7,690,863	8,394	145.6
	Saint Petersburg	32,575	23,926	2,136	5,398,064	6,035	395.7
	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast	24,654	21,198	403	3,202,946	7,697	125.8
	Sverdlovsk Oblast	21,905	18,314	315	4,310,681	5,082	73.1
	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug	17,492	14,795	137	1,674,676	10,445	81.8
	Irkutsk Oblast	14,381	10,065	206	2,391,193	6,014	86.1
	Krasnoyarsk Krai	14,062	12,056	353	2,866,255	4,906	123.2
	Rostov Oblast	13,851	11,198	255	4,197,821	3,300	60.7
	Chelyabinsk Oblast	11,912	7,467	95	3,466,369	3,436	27.4
	Voronezh Oblast	11,800	9,884	92	2,324,205	5,077	39.6
	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	11,712	10,138	79	544,444	21,512	145.1
	Murmansk Oblast	11,136	7,659	90	741,404	15,020	121.4
	Saratov Oblast	10,062	6,192	62	2,421,895	4,155	25.6
	Novosibirsk Oblast	10,031	8,342	269	2,798,170	3,585	96.1
	Ulyanovsk Oblast	9,835	7,038	73	1,229,824	7,997	59.4
	Altai Krai	9,809	7,952	85	2,317,153	4,233	36.7
	Volgograd Oblast	9,804	6,183	69	2,491,036	3,936	27.7
	Dagestan	9,565	8,598	451	3,110,858	3,075	145
	Arkhangelsk Oblast	9,165	8,453	207	1,092,424	8,390	189.5
	Krasnodar Krai	9,061	7,776	126	5,675,462	1,597	22.2
	Stavropol Krai	8,999	6,172	172	2,803,573	3,210	61.4
	Tula Oblast	8,537	7,174	266	1,466,127	5,823	181.4
	Khabarovsk Krai	8,280	5,716	71	1,315,643	6,294	54
	Orenburg Oblast	7,656	6,038	51	1,956,835	3,912	26.1
	Bryansk Oblast	7,565	6,217	35	1,192,491	6,344	29.4
	Omsk Oblast	7,531	5,282	82	1,926,665	3,909	42.6
	Primorsky Krai	7,510	5,888	90	1,895,868	3,961	47.5
	Kaluga Oblast	7,390	6,131	56	1,002,575	7,371	55.9
	Samara Oblast	7,131	5,381	104	3,179,532	2,243	32.7
	Bashkortostan	6,990	5,385	24	4,038,151	1,731	5.9
	Chuvashia	6,980	4,180	62	1,217,818	5,732	50.9
	Penza Oblast	6,855	5,876	87	1,305,563	5,251	66.6
	Ivanovo Oblast	6,597	5,321	107	997,135	6,616	107.3
	Ryazan Oblast	6,489	5,920	32	1,108,847	5,852	28.9
	Tyumen Oblast	6,430	5,600	28	1,537,416	4,182	18.2
	Kursk Oblast	6,404	5,060	51	1,104,008	5,801	46.2
	Perm Krai	6,368	4,565	175	2,599,260	2,450	67.3
	Yaroslavl Oblast	6,309	5,677	31	1,253,389	5,034	24.7
	Tuva	6,284	4,752	60	327,383	19,195	183.3
	Belgorod Oblast	6,269	5,592	50	1,549,151	4,047	32.3
	Tambov Oblast	6,184	5,052	36	1,006,748	6,143	35.8
	Yakutia	6,172	5,461	62	971,996	6,350	63.8
	Leningrad Oblast	6,116	4,591	56	1,875,872	3,260	29.9
	Kabardino-Balkaria	6,084	5,655	73	868,350	7,006	84.1
	Oryol Oblast	5,885	4,562	93	733,498	8,023	126.8
	Tatarstan[lower-alpha 1]	5,810	4,709	27	3,902,888	1,489	6.9
	Smolensk Oblast	5,786	4,486	106	934,889	6,189	113.4
	Vladimir Oblast	5,748	5,210	158	1,358,416	4,231	116.3
	Komi Republic	5,619	4,529	64	820,473	6,848	78
	Kirov Oblast	5,153	4,527	76	1,262,402	4,082	60.2
	Astrakhan Oblast	4,831	3,913	51	1,005,782	4,803	50.7
	Tver Oblast	4,791	3,910	153	1,260,379	3,801	121.4
	Mordovia	4,709	3,627	38	790,197	5,959	48.1
	Lipetsk Oblast	4,665	3,822	22	1,139,371	4,094	19.3
	North Ossetia-Alania	4,611	4,137	67	696,837	6,617	96.1
	Tomsk Oblast	4,525	3,098	43	1,079,271	4,193	39.8
	Karachay-Cherkessia	4,517	3,383	24	465,528	9,703	51.6
	Buryatia	4,316	3,585	42	985,937	4,378	42.6
	Zabaykalsky Krai	4,165	3,832	48	1,059,700	3,930	45.3
	Kemerovo Oblast	4,158	2,957	18	2,657,854	1,564	6.8
	Pskov Oblast	3,889	2,772	55	626,115	6,211	87.8
	Mari El	3,873	3,384	36	679,417	5,700	53
	Novgorod Oblast	3,872	2,716	72	596,508	6,491	120.7
	Ingushetia	3,822	3,221	74	507,061	7,538	145.9
	Kamchatka Krai	3,483	3,036	42	313,016	11,127	134.2
	Sakhalin Oblast	3,010	1,548	0	488,257	6,165	0
	Khakassia	2,984	2,667	33	534,262	5,585	61.8
	Kaliningrad Oblast	2,973	2,397	45	1,012,512	2,936	44.4
	Adygea	2,930	2,254	21	463,088	6,327	45.3
	Amur Oblast	2,909	2,293	47	790,044	3,682	59.5
	Kalmykia	2,897	2,143	42	271,135	10,685	154.9
	Vologda Oblast	2,600	2,032	26	1,160,445	2,241	22.4
	Udmurtia	2,520	2,128	33	1,500,955	1,679	22
	Republic of Karelia	2,507	1,562	12	614,064	4,083	19.5
	Kostroma Oblast	2,458	1,823	27	633,385	3,881	42.6
	Kurgan Oblast	2,450	1,934	10	827,166	2,962	12.1
	Chechnya	2,132	1,408	33	1,478,726	1,442	22.3
	Altai Republic	1,672	1,329	7	220,181	7,594	31.8
	Magadan Oblast	1,464	1,113	14	140,149	10,446	99.9
	Republic of Crimea	1,386	1,010	16	1,912,622	725	8.4
	Jewish Autonomous Oblast	550	491	8	158,305	3,474	50.5
	Sevastopol	371	304	11	449,138	826	24.5
	Nenets Autonomous Okrug	284	90	0	44,111	6,438	0
	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug	159	149	1	50,288	3,162	19.9

Charts

National

Total cases, active cases, recoveries, and deaths

Show linear scale

Show logarithmic scale

Show stacked area

  Total cases   Active cases   Recoveries   Deaths

New cases per day

Show daily new cases

Show 7-day average of new cases

  New cases

New recoveries per day

Show daily new recoveries

Show 7-day average of new recoveries

  New recoveries

New deaths per day

Show daily new deaths

Show 7-day average of new deaths

  New deaths

Regional

Total cases by federal subject

Show linear scale

Show logarithmic scale

Show stacked area

  Moscow   Moscow Oblast   Saint Petersburg   Nizhny Novgorod Oblast   Sverdlovsk Oblast
  Khanty-Mansi AO   Irkutsk Oblast   Krasnoyarsk Krai   Rostov Oblast   Other regions

Daily new cases by federal subject

Show daily new cases

Show 7-day average of new cases

  Moscow   Moscow Oblast   Saint Petersburg   Nizhny Novgorod Oblast   Sverdlovsk Oblast
  Khanty-Mansi AO   Irkutsk Oblast   Krasnoyarsk Krai   Rostov Oblast   Other regions

Controversies and debate

The reason for such a relatively low number of deceased people from COVID-19 infection may be resulting from the vaccine programs, including the BCG vaccine, launched in the Soviet Union and Russia. Alexander Myasnikov, calling the phenomenon a "Russian Miracle", also quotes a healthy microbiota among Russians as a reason. Other medics and biologists, such as Alexander Ginzburg, director of the Epidemiological and Microbiological Research Institute in Honour of Gamaleya, also cite a high immunity among Russian people. Anna Popova, head of the Rospotrebnadzor, mentioned the effective epidemiology in Russia.[257] Another reason may be the use of dexamethasone in treatments at the early stages of the epidemic.[258][259].

In March, there was some scepticism about the accuracy of Russia's reported infection figures. Anastasia Vasilyeva, leader of the Doctors' Alliance organisation loosely aligned to the Russian opposition and doctor for opposition figure Alexei Navalny, made a series of videos accusing the authorities of concealing the true number of coronavirus cases by using pneumonia and acute respiratory infection as a diagnosis instead. Health officials rejected the allegation, and President Putin addressed concerns about statistics, saying that the government is not covering up the number of cases, though might not have the full picture. The WHO's representative to Russia, Dr. Vujnovic, also expressed scepticism at the allegation.[260][261][262][263]

In May, as Russia's mortality rate was much lower compared to other hard-hit countries, a number of media outlets including the Financial Times and New York Times have said that the number of deaths in the country may have been under-reported, based on a spike in mortality rates officially reported in Moscow where approximately 1,800 more deaths were registered in April compared to the monthly average, while the Financial Times noted a similar surge in St. Petersburg, concluding that there could be around 70% more deaths than reported.[264] The reported excess deaths however were still considerably smaller compared to other hard-hit areas in other countries.[265] Russian officials have criticised the media reports. Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova called the reports disinformation and said that letters demanding a retraction would be passed. Officials have said that the relatively low number of deaths is due to effective measures taken to fight the virus and that the scope of testing has significantly increased, allowing for infections to be spotted quickly. Moscow's health department also rejected the allegations, saying that autopsies were being conducted in all suspected coronavirus deaths, which was why "post-mortem diagnoses in Moscow and causes of death, in the end, are exceedingly accurate, and the mortality data absolutely transparent" – it said that over 60% of deaths in the city with suspected coronavirus infections were ascribed to other causes. The World Health Organisation's guidelines on reporting deaths, issued in mid-April, states that "deaths due to COVID-19" should be considered as such "unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to COVID disease."[264]

On 28 May, Moscow's health department said in a statement that the death toll for the city for April was 1,561 using a new methodology, where originally it was 636. It said that this included 756 people diagnosed with the virus but determined to have died of other causes and 169 people who tested negative but were suspected to have had the virus. The official death toll for the city or country had not been revised.[266]

On 3 June, the city of St. Petersburg reported a 32% higher death rate in May compared to the previous year. The city government said that 6,427 death certificates were issued, compared to 4,875 the previous year. For the same month, the official coronavirus death toll was 171 people.[267]

On 10 June, Moscow's health department increased the city's coronavirus death toll from 1,895 to 5,260 for May. It said in a statement that "COVID-19 as a main or an accompanying cause of death was registered in 5,260 cases". It also said that the difference was due to changes made by the Health Ministry in the approach of counting deaths, saying that "new recommendations allowed us to improve the calculation of cases where COVID was the main cause of the death and of those where it became, with a high degree of probability, a catalyst...for other illnesses".[268]

On 13 June, the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) published data on natural population changes in April. 2,712 people with COVID-19 died during April across Russia, including 1,660 as the primary cause of death. According to daily updates of the Emergency Operations Center, there were only 1,162 deaths from COVID-19.[269] Rosstat's published death toll includes both those where the virus was determined to the main cause of death, as well as where the main cause of death was determined to be something else. 1,270 deaths are where the virus was determined to be the main cause, 435 deaths where the virus had a "significant influence", 617 deaths where the virus was present but did not play a major role, and 390 deaths where the person tested negative but it was later determined to be the main cause of death. Officials including Tatiana Golikova said that the changes in the counting method follows WHO recommendations. She also said that the figures represent a 2.6% death rate among those infected, and that the death rate for May will be higher.[270] Pavel Malkov, the head of Rosstat, said in an interview with RBK published on 23 June that the statistics agency had published a higher death toll for April because it receives more complete data than the national coronavirus crisis centre and that it has a different calculation methodology, saying that the agency receives data from the Civil Registry Office and deals with death certificates that can take up to 45 days to complete following testing while the crisis centre publishes operational data manually entered into the system. He also said that "one of the biggest secrets in statistics is that it's practically impossible to manipulate" and that "if we're talking about a qualitative indicator with a developed methodology, then any attempt to affect the final numbers by distorting the input data will become immediately evident".[271][272]

On 10 July, Rosstat published data which said that COVID-19 was confirmed or assumed to be the main cause of death for 7,444 people who died in May. An additional 5,008 people with a COVID-19 diagnosis were determined to have died from other diseases, with the virus being a catalyst for 1,530 of those deaths. The death toll reported by the coronavirus crisis centre for May was 3,633. The data also said that 172,914 people had died in Russia in May, an increase of more than 18,000 compared to the same month last year.[273]

On 7 August, Rosstat published mortality data for June which included 11,917 deaths for people with COVID-19, with the virus being determined or believed to have been the primary cause of death for 7,037 of them, with 1,589 without PCR verification.[3][274] The total number of people with COVID-19 who died from April to June was therefore 27,411 according to Rosstat's data, with a death rate of 4.2% of confirmed cases.[3][275]

See also

• COVID-19 pandemic by country
• COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
• Coronavir
• 2020 in Russia

Notes

1. Excluding 3 recovered cases from Diamond Princess cruise ship which are classified as "on an international conveyance".

References

1. "Оперативные данные" [Operational data]. Стопкоронавирус.рф (in Russian). Retrieved 15 August 2020.
2. "Коронавирус – симптомы, признаки, общая информация, ответы на вопросы — Минздрав России" (in Russian). Ministry of Health (Russia). Retrieved 19 April 2020.
3. "Росстат представил данные о смертности от COVID-19 за июнь". rbc.ru.
4. "Информация о новой коронавирусной инфекции" [Information on Novel Coronavirus Infection] (in Russian). Ministry of Health. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
5. "Коронавирус COVID–19: Официальная информация о коронавирусе в России на портале" [Operational data]. Стопкоронавирус.рф (in Russian). Retrieved 11 August 2020.
6. Elsevier. "Novel Coronavirus Information Center". Elsevier Connect. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
7. Reynolds, Matt (4 March 2020). "What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
8. "Crunching the numbers for coronavirus". Imperial News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
9. "High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
10. "World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus". wfsahq.org. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
11. "В России выявили первые два случая заражения коронавирусом". TASS. 31 January 2020. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
12. "У троих россиян с лайнера Diamond Princess подтвердился коронавирус". TASS. 26 February 2020. Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
13. "All quarantined Russians from Diamond Princess cruise ship discharged from hospital". TASS. 8 March 2020. Archived from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
14. "Coronavirus: UAE announces six more cases of Covid-19". The National.
15. "У приехавшего из Италии россиянина обнаружили коронавирус". Interfax.ru. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
16. У вернувшегося из Италии россиянина выявили коронавирус
17. "В России обнаружили коронавирус у гражданина Италии". kommersant.ru. 5 March 2020.
18. "Six new coronavirus cases confirmed in Russia. They're all mild and linked to Italy". Meduza. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
19. "Elderly woman with coronavirus dies in Moscow". TASS. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
20. "Штаб: Умершая в больнице пожилая пациентка имела целый ряд серьезных хронических заболеваний" (in Russian). AGN "Moscow". 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
21. "В оперативном штабе назвали причину смерти пациентки с коронавирусом в Москве" (in Russian). TASS. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
22. "Названа причина смерти москвички с коронавирусом" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
23. "О подтвержденных случаях новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-2019 в России". Rospotrebnadzor. 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
24. "Оперштаб заявил об отсутствии в России летальных исходов от коронавируса". RBC (in Russian). 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
25. "Умершая от коронавируса преподавательница Губкинского университета могла заразиться от внучки". Daily Storm (in Russian). 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
26. "В Москве умерли два пожилых пациента с коронавирусом". TASS. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
27. "Путин: дата голосования по поправкам к Конституции должна быть перенесена". TASS. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
28. "Putin calls on Russians 'to stay home' due to coronavirus". TASS. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
29. "Coronavirus in Russia: The Latest News – March 25". The Moscow Times. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
30. "Putin Extends Russia's Coronavirus Lockdown as New Infections Continue to Rise". The Moscow Times. 28 April 2020.
31. "Putin Eases Nationwide Virus Lockdown as Russia Becomes 3rd Most-Infected Country". The Moscow Times. 11 May 2020.
32. "Russia to ground international flights on March 27 due to coronavirus". Reuters. 26 March 2020.
33. "Moscow Orders Citywide Quarantine Starting March 30". The Moscow Times. 29 March 2020. Archived from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
34. "Russia coronavirus: Record rise in cases sees country introduce tough lockdown sanctions". The Independent. 31 March 2020.
35. "Russia to Close Borders to Curb Coronavirus". The Moscow Times. 28 March 2020.
36. "Moscow issues around 1 million digital passes in first day of system operation". TASS. 13 April 2020.
37. "Coronavirus in Russia: The Latest News (April 29)". The Moscow Times. 29 April 2020.
38. "Кабмин продлил запрет на въезд иностранцев в Россию". TASS. 29 April 2020.
39. "Russian PM Mishustin says tested positive for coronavirus". TASS. 30 April 2020.
40. "Putin Calls for 'Invincible' Unity as Russians Mark Victory Day on Lockdown". The Moscow Times. 9 May 2020.
41. "Russia may have reached coronavirus plateau - WHO representative". TASS. 10 May 2020.
42. "Coronavirus spread coefficient in Moscow drops below 1". TASS. 11 May 2020.
43. "Coronavirus spread coefficient in Russia falls below 1 for first time". TASS. 14 May 2020.
44. "Russia to hold Victory Day Parade on June 24 — Putin". TASS. 26 May 2020.
45. "Второй этап смягчения ограничений. Как будем жить после 1 июня". sobyanin.ru. 27 May 2020.
46. "Russia plans coronavirus vaccine clinical trials in two weeks: report". Reuters. 30 May 2020.
47. "Russia to vote on July 1 on reforms that could extend Putin's rule". Reuters. 1 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
48. "Exclusive: Russia to roll out its first approved COVID-19 drug next week". Reuters. 1 June 2020.
49. "Russia Prices Economic Recovery Plan at $70Bln". The Moscow Times. 2 June 2020.
50. "Which Coronavirus Restrictions Is Moscow Lifting?". The Moscow Times. 8 June 2020.
51. "Moscow mayor waives self-isolation rules, travel permits, walking schedule starting June 9". TASS. 8 June 2020.
52. "Moscow lifts coronavirus lockdown as Russia partially reopens borders". Reuters. 8 June 2020.
53. "Собянин объявил о новом «очень серьезном» снятии ограничений в Москве". rbc.ru. 22 June 2020.
54. "Putin raises tax for wealthy Russians ahead of vote on his rule". Reuters. 23 June 2020.
55. "Парады Победы из-за COVID-19 отменены или пройдут без зрителей в 40 регионах России". Znak. 24 June 2020.
56. "Власти назвали сроки открытия ресторанов, баров и отелей в Подмосковье". rbc.ru.
57. "Власти Москвы с 1 августа разрешили работу кинотеатров и концерты". rbc.ru.
58. "В Москве начался новый этап отмены ограничений". rbc.ru.
59. "Россия начнет снимать ограничения на международные полеты с 15 июля". RIA.
60. "Ученые завершили испытания российской вакцины от COVID-19". rbc.ru.
61. "В России отменили обязательную изоляцию для прибывших из-за рубежа". rbc.ru.
62. "Russia to mass produce experimental COVID-19 vaccine: wealth fund head". Reuters.
63. "Russia to resume some international flights from August 1". Reuters.
64. "Абхазия вслед за Россией объявила об открытии границ". rbc.ru.
65. "Глава Минздрава пообещал россиянам бесплатную вакцинацию от коронавируса". rbc.ru.
66. "Россия возобновит полеты в Швейцарию". rbc.ru.
67. "Новый этап снятия ограничений в России. Главное".
68. "Путин объявил о регистрации вакцины от коронавируса в России". rbc.ru.
69. "Путин объявил о регистрации в РФ вакцины вопреки мнению экспертов". dw.com.
70. "Россия получила запрос на 1 млрд доз вакцины против коронавируса". rbc.ru.
71. "The second version of the guidelines for outpatient treatment of acute respiratory viral infections during the spread of coronavirus infection has been published". 17 April 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
72. "https://static-0.rosminzdrav.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/050/033/original/RESP_REC_V2.pdf
73. "Russian firm gets approval for drug said to block coronavirus replication". 8 July 2020 – via in.reuters.com.
74. "Научный центр ФМБА запатентовал лекарство для лечения тяжелейшего осложнения COVID-19 и вирусной пневмонии". 5 August 2020 – via rospatent.gov.ru.
75. "Russian Ministry of Health approves the first COVID-19 drug Avifavir produced by JV of RDIF and ChemRar". RDIF. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
76. "Russian Health Ministry approves anti-coronavirus drug Avifavir". BNN Bloomberg. 31 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
77. "Russia plans coronavirus vaccine clinical trials in two weeks - report". Reuters. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
78. "Lung ventilation fails in 70% of COVID-19 cases — Russian Academy of Sciences". TASS. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
79. "О мерах по защите здоровья населения от новой коронавирусной инфекции". Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
80. "В тяжелой форме". 30 March 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
81. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
82. "Central Russia has some of the country's highest elderly populations. Here's how officials are trying to protect them from COVID-19. — Meduza". Meduza.io. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
83. "Russia to deport 88 foreigners for violating coronavirus quarantine". Reuters. 28 February 2020. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
84. "Protect Putin from Covid-19: Kremlin's new mission as epidemic spreads worldwide". Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
85. "Власти ЧР ограничили въезд в Грозный" (in Russian). Чечня сегодня. 28 March 2020. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
86. "Russia's Chechnya closes administratieve borders amid coronavirus outbreak". TASS. 29 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
87. "Коронавирус. Ограничение передвижения по городу и социальная поддержка". Sergey Sobyanin website. 29 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
88. "В Москве введут режим всеобщей самоизоляции". РИА Новости. 29 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
89. "Режим самоизоляции вводится для всех жителей Московской области". Governor of Moscow Oblast official website. 29 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
90. "В Астраханской области ввели карантин из-за ситуации с коронавирусом". KaspiyInfo. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
91. "В Петербурге введен режим самоизоляции. Теперь как в Москве" (in Russian). Fontanka. 30 March 2020. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
92. "Which regions of Russia are sheltering in place? A running list". Meduza. 30 March 2020. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
93. "В Ленобласти вводится ограничение на выезд за пределы района проживания" (in Russian). TASS. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
94. "В Дагестане ввели режим самоизоляции". RIA Novosti. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
95. "В Карелии ввели режим самоизоляции". RIA Novosti. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
96. "В Костромской области ввели режим обязательной самоизоляции". RIA Novosti. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
97. "Все сибирские регионы ввели режим самоизоляции". RIA Novosti. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
98. "В Смоленской области ввели режим всеобщей самоизоляции". RIA Novosti. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
99. "Губернатор сделал заявление о карантине по коронавирусу в Ярославской области". 76.ru. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
100. "Власти Югры ввели режим обязательной самоизоляции для жителей региона". RIA Novosti. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
101. "В Еврейской автономной области вводят режим самоизоляции". TASS. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
102. "В Севастополе ввели режим обязательной самоизоляции из-за коронавируса". RIA Novosti. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
103. "Регионы вводят режим самоизоляции по примеру Москвы". Kommersant. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
104. "Режим самоизоляции введен в 51 регионе России". RIA FAN. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
105. "Второй регион России ограничил продажу алкоголя на время самоизоляции". RBK. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
106. "Все регионы Юга России перейдут на режим самоизоляции с полуночи". TASS. 1 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
107. "Все регионы Северного Кавказа ввели режим самоизоляции из-за COVID-19". RIA Novosti. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
108. "На Камчатке ввели режим самоизоляции". RIA Novosti. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
109. "Режим самоизоляции в Хабаровском крае расширили на неработающих граждан". TASS. 1 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
110. "В Ивановской области со 2 апреля вводят режим полной самоизоляции". RIA Novosti. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
111. "В Оренбуржье ввели режим самоизоляции населения из-за коронавируса". RIA Novosti. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
112. "Тюменский губернатор ввел режим самоизоляции в регионе". TASS. 2 April 2020. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
113. "Все регионы ДФО ввели режим самоизоляции". RIA Novosti. 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
114. "Орловская область вводит режим самоизоляции". TASS. 3 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
115. "В Тульской области ввели режим самоизоляции для людей старше 65 лет". RIA Novosti. 3 April 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
116. "China thanks Russia for its assistance in fighting coronavirus". TASS. 9 February 2020.
117. "Where Has Russia Sent Coronavirus Aid Around the World?". The Moscow Times. 1 April 2020.
118. "Russia delivers over 100,000 Covid-19 test kits to 13 states, including Iran, North Korea". RT. 21 March 2020. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
119. "Russian army to send coronavirus help to Italy after Putin phone call". Reuters. 22 March 2020. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
120. "Russian Plane Heads to U.S. With Supplies for Virus Fight". The Moscow Times. 1 April 2020.
121. "U.S. paying Russia for entire planeload of coronavirus equipment: U.S. official". Reuters. 2 April 2020.
122. "Russia losing 1 bln roubles a day in trade with China over coronavirus – minister". National Post. 20 February 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
123. "Coronavirus Hits Russian Tourism for $400M Loss". The Moscow Times. 5 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
124. Ellyatt, Sam Meredith,Holly (5 March 2020). "Oil drops as OPEC agrees on massive oil supply cut to offset virus impact; awaits Russia's approval". CNBC. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
125. "OPEC and how it has dealt with oil price crashes". Reuters. 12 March 2020. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
126. "Oil plunges 10% after Opec deal collapses". BBC News. 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
127. Reed, Stanley (6 March 2020). "Oil Prices Nose-Dive as OPEC and Russia Fail to Reach a Deal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
128. Business, Matt Egan, CNN. "Oil crashes by most since 1991 as Saudi Arabia launches price war". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
129. "Russian Ruble Plummets Amid Oil Market Chaos". The Moscow Times. 9 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
130. "Air travel cancellations could bankrupt multiple Russian airlines". Meduza. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
131. "Russia expands its list of 'systemically important' companies, adding McDonald's, IKEA, and more". Meduza. 23 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
132. "Раздробят и унесут: для вкладов введут налог". Gazeta.ru. 27 March 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
133. "'They need to quarantine Moscow' How small businesses in Russia's capital are scrambling to stay afloat as coronavirus clobbers the economy". Meduza. 27 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
134. "Bankrolling Russia's relief program Putin has proposed sweeping tax cuts to shore up vulnerable businesses as coronavirus cripples the economy, but a lot more might be needed and it's unclear who would foot the bill". Meduza. 26 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
135. "How Putin's Higher Tax on Offshore Gains May Help Russia Weather the Economic Storm Amid COVID-19". Sputnik News. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
136. "Банки пожаловались в ЦБ на заявления клиентов о закрытии вкладов". RBK. 27 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
137. Вирченко, Ксения (25 March 2020). "Ритейл и общепит предупредили о риске коллапса в отрасли". Vedomosti (in Russian). Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
138. ""Книжные обречены". Более сотни книгоиздателей и продавцов обратились к правительству из-за пандемии коронавируса: петиция". Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). 26 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
139. "Представители гостиниц и отелей России обратились в кабмин с просьбой о налоговых льготах" (in Russian). TASS. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
140. "FACTBOX-Global economic policy response to the coronavirus crisis". Reuters. 13 May 2020.
141. "Авиакомпания "Победа" приостановит все полеты с 1 апреля". Vedomosti. 27 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
142. "Russia's State Banks to Offer Interest-Free Salary Loans". The Moscow Times. 26 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
143. "Россия и другие страны ЕАЭС запретят экспорт гречки и чеснока из-за пандемии". Interfax. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
144. "The Great Lockdown: Worst Economic Downturn Since the Great Depression". IMF Blog.
145. "Moody's expects Russian GDP to go down by 5.5% in 2020". TASS. 28 April 2020.
146. ""Аэрофлот" получит почти восемь миллиардов рублей в качестве компенсации убытков из-за коронавируса". Meduza. 18 May 2020.
147. "Putin Declares Coronavirus Under Control Ahead of Constitutional Vote". The Moscow Times. 23 June 2020.
148. "Russia Will Raise Taxes on Top Earners, Putin Announces". The Moscow Times. 23 June 2020.
149. "Income of Russians falls most in 20 years in second quarter, GDP down 9.6%". Reuters.
150. "Russia's economy contracted 4.2% in first half 2020: Ifax cites economy minister". Reuters.
151. "Потери от закрытия границ для иностранных туристов оценили в ₽500 млрд". rbc.ru.
152. "Putin, citing coronavirus, postpones vote on changes to extend his rule". Reuters. 25 March 2020.
153. "Russia's growing coronavirus outbreak and its challenge to Vladimir Putin, explained". Vox. 6 April 2020.
154. Quinn, Eilís (14 May 2020). ""Catastrophic" economic situation prompts merger talks for Nenets AO and Arkhangelsk Oblast". The Barents Observer. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
155. Mukhametshina, Elena (13 May 2020). "Arkhangelsk region and Nenets okrug merge in a year". Vedomosti (in Russian). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
156. "Russian Regions to Become Single Federal Subject in Decade-First". The Moscow Times. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
157. "Архангельская область и Ненецкий округ откладывают объединение". Vedomosti. 27 May 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
158. "Russians Risk Fines, Jail Time for Dodging Coronavirus Quarantine". The Moscow Times. 1 April 2020.
159. "Госдума приняла закон о дистанционном голосовании". TASS. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
160. "Госдума приняла закон о голосовании по почте". RBK Group. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
161. "Второй депутат Госдумы от КПРФ за день сообщил о заражении COVID-19". RBK Group. 25 April 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
162. "У депутата Госдумы Максимовой обнаружили коронавирус". RBK Group. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
163. "Депутат Оксана Пушкина заразилась коронавирусом". RBK Group. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
164. "У шести депутатов Госдумы диагностировали коронавирус". RIA Novosti. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
165. "Матвиенко: пятеро сенаторов перенесли коронавирус". Interfax. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
166. "Путин вернул полномочия премьера Мишустину, переболевшему коронавирусом". BBC. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
167. "Министр строительства России Якушев госпитализирован с коронавирусом". Gazeta.Ru. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
168. "Министр культуры РФ Любимова заболела коронавирусом". Interfax. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
169. "Министр образования Валерий Фальков переболел коронавирусом". RIA Novosti. 14 May 2020.
170. "Kremlin spokesman Peskov confirms he has contracted COVID-19". TASS. 12 May 2020.
171. "Putin spokesman Dmitry Peskov back at work". Hong Kong: The Standard. Associated Press. 25 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
172. "Putin's Virus Response Earns Lower Marks Than Local Leaders': Poll". The Moscow Times. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
173. "ПАНДЕМИЯ: МЕРЫ ВЛАСТЕЙ И "НЕРАБОЧИЕ НЕДЕЛИ"". Levada Center. 30 April 2020.
174. "МЕРЫ ПО БОРЬБЕ С ПАНДЕМИЕЙ КОРОНАВИРУСА". levada.ru. 8 June 2020.
175. "ДОВЕРИЕ ПОЛИТИКАМ". Levada Centre. 29 May 2020.
176. "ОДОБРЕНИЕ ИНСТИТУТОВ ВЛАСТИ". Levada Center. 26 May 2020.
177. "ОДОБРЕНИЕ ОРГАНОВ ВЛАСТИ И ДОВЕРИЕ ПОЛИТИКАМ". Levada Center. 29 July 2020.
178. Times, The Moscow (23 June 2020). "Coronavirus in Russia: The Latest News | June 23". The Moscow Times.
179. "РПЛ, КХЛ и Единая лига ВТБ приостановили матчи до 10 апреля". TASS. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
180. "Russia extends football match ban over virus to May 31". Business Standard India. 2 April 2020.
181. "Euro 2020 postponed until next summer, Uefa confirms". BBC. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
182. "Шойгу приказал отправлять призывников в войска не ранее 20 мая". TASS. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
183. "Putin postpones Victory Day Parade as coronavirus concerns rule out celebrations on 75th anniversary of Nazi defeat". RT. 16 April 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
184. AFP (16 April 2020). "Putin Postpones 75th Victory Day Parade Over Coronavirus". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
185. "Организаторы перенесли шествие «Бессмертного полка» на май 2021 года". rbc.ru.
186. "Instructions to rectors of parishes and monasteries' town churches, abbots and abbesses of the monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church over the threat of spreading coronavirus infection". Russian Orthodox Church. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
187. "Инструкция настоятелям приходов и подворий, игуменам и игумениям монастырей Московской епархии в связи c угрозой распространения коронавирусной инфекции" (in Russian). Russian Orthodox Church. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
188. "Правовое управление Московской Патриархии прокомментировало постановление Правительства Санкт-Петербурга, согласно которому запрещается посещение храмов" (in Russian). Russian Orthodox Church. 29 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
189. "Патриарх Кирилл призвал воздержаться от посещения храмов". RIA Novosti. 29 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
190. "Патриаршее послание Преосвященным архипастырям, священнослужителям, монашествующим и мирянам епархий на территории России" (in Russian). 3 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
191. "Циркулярное письмо митрополита Воскресенского Дионисия от 11 апреля 2020 года" (in Russian). Russian Orthodox Church. 11 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
192. "Установлен порядок богослужений в храмах епархии на дни вредоносного поветрия" (in Russian). St. Petersburg Metropoly. 13 April 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
193. "В большинстве регионов церкви не стали закрывать для прихожан на Пасху". RBK. 16 April 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
194. "Разрушение традиции. Патриарх Кирилл самоудалился, его клирики конфликтуют с властью, прихожане — в полном замешательстве". Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). 16 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
195. "Комментарий: Эпоха патриарха Кирилла подходит к концу" (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
196. ""Пир веры" во время чумы. Как прошла первая карантинная Пасха". Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). 19 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
197. "Монастырь Московского патриархата, который на Пасху посещал Лукашенко, закрыли из-за коронавируса" (in Russian). credo.press. 28 April 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
198. "Health Ministry: COVID-19 cases will spike due to quarantine violations over Easter". Kyiv Post. 21 April 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
199. "Coronavirus: Ukrainian town sealed off after monastery outbreak". BBC. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
200. "Глеб Никитин посетил Дивеево". Nizhniy Novgorod Region government. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
201. "В Москве закрылись мечети Полная версия на сайте ИА" (in Russian). Islam News. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
202. "Мечети Крыма закроют на три недели для профилактики коронавируса" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 23 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
203. "Мечети в Адыгее и на Кубани закрыты в связи с профилактикой коронавируса" (in Russian). TASS. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
204. "Коронавирус в Дагестане: в республике планируют закрыть мечети" (in Russian). Регион Online. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
205. "Синагога Московского еврейского общинного центра закрыта в целях профилактики коронавируса" (in Russian). TASS. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
206. Репина, Светлана (24 March 2020). "Жена раввина московской синагоги рассказала о коронавирусе мужа: разрушил легкие". Moskovsky Komsomolets (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
207. "В московской синагоге ликвидируют очаг COVID-19". Nezavisimaya Gazeta (in Russian). 22 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
208. "Федерация еврейских общин закрыла все свои синагоги в России" (in Russian). Interfax. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
209. "Главный муфтий Ингушетии умер от коронавируса". Kommersant. 12 April 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
210. "Умерший настоятель Елоховского собора Агейкин пророчески говорил о коронавирусе". mk.ru.
211. "Жизнерадостный, щедрый, правильный". Русская Народная Линия. 25 April 2020.
212. "Отошел ко Господу клирик Богоявленского кафедрального собора протодиакон Евгений Трофимов — Московская городская епархия Русской Православной Церкви". moseparh.ru.
213. "От коронавируса впервые умер епископ РПЦ". Интерфакс. 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
214. "COVID-19 унес жизнь еще одного священника". Vesti.ru. 3 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
215. "Преставился ко Господу митрополит Иона (Карпухин) / Новости / Патриархия.ru". Патриархия.ru.
216. "Главный врач Троице-Сергиевой лавры умер от осложнений, вызванных коронавирусом". TASS. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
217. "Отошел ко Господу архимандрит Амвросий (Юрасов) / Новости / Патриархия.ru". Патриархия.ru.
218. "Скончался насельник Троице-Сергиевой лавры архимандрит Лаврентий (Постников)".
219. "Преставился ко Господу насельник Троице-Сергиевой лавры иеродиакон Каллист (Косулин) — Московская городская епархия Русской Православной Церкви". moseparh.ru.
220. "Скончался госпитализированный с подозрением на COVID-19 протоиерей Александр Воскобойников". mk.ru.
221. "Преставился ко Господу архим. Илиан (Племенюк)". stsl.ru.
222. "Скончался клирик храма Живоначальной Троицы в Конькове протоиерей Алексий Пеньков — Московская городская епархия Русской Православной Церкви". moseparh.ru.
223. "Коронавирус унёс жизни ещё двоих священнослужителей Русской Православной Церкви". tsargrad.tv. 13 May 2020.
224. Умер пятый насельник Троице-Сергиевой лавры, заразившийся коронавирусом
225. "Насельник Троице-Сергиевой лавры игумен Ферапонт скончался от СOVID-19". RIA Novosti. 15 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
226. "Умер заразившийся COVID-19 глава Чувашской митрополии РПЦ". RBK Group. 1 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
227. "Умер заразившийся коронавирусом верховный лама Тувы". TASS. 23 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
228. "В Москве скончался композитор Александр Вустин. Его друзья винят коронавирус" (in Russian). Фонтанка. 19 April 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
229. "Иван Щеголев умер после заражения коронавирусом". intermedia.ru. 21 April 2020.
230. "Умер заразившийся коронавирусом режиссер Сергей Литовец". RIA Novosti. 1 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
231. "Умер режиссер Самвел Гаспаров". Intermedia.ru. 4 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
232. "От коронавируса умер старейший артист РАМТ и голос Дарта Вейдера". RBK Group. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
233. "Умер генеральный продюсер "Поле чудес"". TASS. 1 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
234. "Умер писатель-сатирик Анатолий Трушкин". RIA Novosti. 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
235. "Список памяти". sites.google.com.
236. "Российские врачи опубликовали список умерших от коронавируса коллег" [Russian medicals published a list of workmates who died of coronavirus]. RIA Novosti. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
237. "34-летний сотрудник ФСО умер от COVID-19. Офицеры спецслужбы жалуются на недостаток медицинской помощи". Meduza. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
238. "34-летний сотрудник ФСО умер от COVID-19. Офицеры спецслужбы жалуются на недостаток медицинской помощи". Meduza. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
239. "Депутат Мособлдумы Иван Жуков умер из-за коронавируса". RBK Group. 18 April 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
240. "В Сочи умер депутат городского собрания, заразившийся коронавирусом". TASS. 25 April 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
241. "Скончался Виктор Шудегов". A Just Russia. 16 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
242. "В Забайкалье умер депутат, у которого был коронавирус. СМИ узнали об этом благодаря ДТП". Znak.com. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
243. "Первый министр энергетики России умер от коронавируса". RBK Group. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
244. "Экс-глава Чувашии Михаил Игнатьев умер от коронавируса" (in Russian). Interfax. 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
245. "Умер министр из Свердловской области, у которого был коронавирус" (in Russian). Gazeta.ru. 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
246. Ниса Мурзанаева (7 April 2020). "Физик Казарян с положительным тестом на COVID-19 умер в Москве". ТРК «Петербург».
247. "Danila Tlisov (1983–2020)". CERN. 17 April 2020.
248. "От коронавируса погибли два известнейших российских врача династии Гончаровых". Moskovskij Komsomolets. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
249. "Член президиума РАН Евгений Микрин умер в больнице в Коммунарке". TASS. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
250. "В калейдоскопе". N + 1. 15 May 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
251. Андрей Белый (2020), Научный Троицк несет потери, Троицкий вариант — наука
252. "Мамиашвили: тренер сборной РФ по борьбе умер из-за болезни, вызванной коронавирусом". TASS. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
253. "Российский тренер по пятиборью Валерий Ильин умер от коронавируса". RBK Group. 31 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
254. "Умер Абдулманап Нурмагомедов — отец бойца UFC Хабиба Нурмагомедова". Meduza. 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
255. Hodge, Nathan (17 May 2020). "Coronavirus has devastated Moscow. Now it's spreading across Russia's 11 time zones to ill-funded regions". CNN. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
256. "Residential population estimation as of 1 January 2020 and 2019 yearly average". Rosstat. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
257. ""Русское чудо" может спасти мир от коронавируса". tsargrad.tv. 26 May 2020.
258. "Dexamethasone reduces death in hospitalised patients with severe respiratory complications of COVID-19". ox.ac.uk. 15 June 2020.
259. "Шестая версия методических рекомендаций по COVID-19" (PDF). minzdrav.gov.ru. 28 April 2020.
260. CNN, Mary Ilyushina. "Why does Russia, population 146 million, have fewer coronavirus cases than Luxembourg?". CNN. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
261. "Russia's low infection numbers viewed skeptically". NBC News. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
262. "Moscow's mayor warns Putin that regional officials don't understand coronavirus risks and says low levels of testing could explain Russia's small number of confirmed cases". Meduza. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
263. "Russia's Coronavirus Cases Surpass 1,000 in Biggest One-Day Jump". The Moscow Times. 27 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
264. "Russia slams New York Times, Financial Times on virus deaths". Associated Press. 14 May 2020.
265. "Coronavirus: Is Putin rushing Russia out of lockdown?". BBC News. 15 May 2020.
266. "Russia's Health Ministry wants to stop counting coronavirus patients 'without complaints'". Meduza. 27 May 2020.
267. "Russian city of St. Petersburg reports spike in deaths in May amid COVID-19 outbreak". Reuters. 3 June 2020.
268. "Moscow raises May coronavirus death toll by 3,365". Reuters. 10 June 2020.
269. "Росстат: в апреле в России от COVID-19 умерли 1660 человек. Это значительно превышает данные из отчетов оперативного штаба". Meduza. 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
270. "Russia More Than Doubles April Coronavirus Death Toll". The Moscow Times. 13 June 2020.
271. "Russia's Coronavirus Death Spike Explained by Methodology, Statistics Chief Says". The Moscow Times. 23 June 2020.
272. "Глава Росстата — РБК: "Манипулировать статистикой практически невозможно"". rbc.ru. 23 June 2020.
273. "New Figures Suggest Russia's Coronavirus Death Toll Underreported". The Moscow Times. 10 July 2020.
274. "Росстат представил данные о естественном движении населения в июне 2020 года". rosstat.gov.ru.
275. https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/dUhQs3DJ/edn06-2020.htm Rosstat data for June 2020, May 2020, April 2020

External links

• Data and maps, frequently updated:
  • "Coronavirus Russia updates and news" [Latest news and statistics of coronavirus in Russia.] (in English and Russian). Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  • "Статистика распространения коронавируса в России и мире" [Statistics on the spread of coronavirus in Russia and the world] (in Russian).