COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

The COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 23 January 2020, the first known case of COVID-19 in Vietnam was reported.[2][3] As of 17 August 2020, the country had 976 confirmed cases, 467 recoveries, and 24 deaths. More than 723,596 tests have been performed.[4][5] Da Nang, as of August is the most-affected city with 355 confirmed cases and 20 deaths.[1]

COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam
Clockwise, from top: Restaurant closed during nationwide isolation; a policeman putting mask on person in Soc Trang City; wholesale market retailers and buyers registering for COVID-19 rapid testing in Lĩnh Nam; PAVN chemical troops start disinfecting Bach Mai Hospital - the largest cluster in Hanoi.
Map of cities & provinces with confirmed COVID-19 cases (as of 17 August 2020):   1-9 confirmed cases   10-99 confirmed cases   100-299 confirmed cases   ≥ 300 confirmed cases
Disease	COVID-19
Virus strain	SARS-CoV-2
Location	Vietnam
First outbreak	Wuhan, Hubei, China
Index case	Ho Chi Minh City
Arrival date	23 January 2020 (6 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
Confirmed cases	976[1][2]
Active cases	485[1]
Recovered	467[1]
Deaths	24[1]
Government website
ncov.moh.gov.vn ncov.vncdc.gov.vn

Vietnam has suspended the entry of all foreigners from 22 March 2020 until further notice to limit the spread of COVID-19. The measure will not apply to diplomats, officials, foreign investors, experts, and skilled workers. For foreigners that entered the country before 1 March including those with temporary residence permits will also be entitled to extensions till 30 June but must present health declarations.[6]

Vietnam is cited by global media as having one of the best-organized epidemic control programs in the world,[7][8] along the lines of other highlights such as Taiwan and South Korea.[9] Despite inferior economic and technological capacities, the country's response to the outbreak has received acclaim for its immediacy, effectiveness and transparency, in contrast to the alleged cover-up in China, and the poor preparation in the United States and in European countries.[9][10][11][12]

Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.[13][14]

The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,[15][16] but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[17][15]

Timeline

COVID-19 cases in Vietnam  ()      Deaths        Recoveries        Active cases Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Last 15 days Last 15 days
Date			# of cases	# of deaths
2020-01-23		​	2(n.a.)	0(n.a.)
⋮		​	2(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-01-28		​ ​	2(=)	0(n.a.)
⋮		​ ​	2(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-01-31		​ ​	5(+150%)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-01		​ ​	6(+20%)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-02		​ ​	7(+17%)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-03		​ ​	8(+14%)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-04		​ ​	10(+25%)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-05		​ ​	10(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-06		​ ​	12(+20%)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-07		​ ​	13(+8.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-08		​ ​	13(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-09		​ ​	14(+7.7%)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-10		​ ​	14(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-11		​ ​	15(+7.1%)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-12		​ ​	15(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-13		​ ​	16(+6.7%)	0(n.a.)
⋮		​ ​	16(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-18		​ ​	16(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-19		​ ​	16(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-20		​ ​	16(=)	0(n.a.)
⋮		​ ​	16(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-02-26		​	16(=)	0(n.a.)
⋮		​	16(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-06		​ ​	17(+6.2%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-07		​ ​	20(+18%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-08		​ ​	30(+50%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-09		​ ​	31(+3.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-10		​ ​	34(+9.7%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-11		​ ​	38(+12%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-12		​ ​	44(+16%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-13		​ ​	47(+6.8%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-14		​ ​	53(+13%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-15		​ ​	57(+7.5%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-16		​ ​	61(+7%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-17		​ ​	66(+8.2%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-18		​ ​	76(+15%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-19		​ ​	85(+12%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-20		​ ​	91(+7.1%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-21		​ ​	94(+3.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-22		​ ​	113(+20%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-23		​ ​	123(+8.8%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-24		​ ​	134(+8.9%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-25		​ ​	141(+5.2%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-26		​ ​	153(+8.5%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-27		​ ​	163(+6.5%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-28		​ ​	174(+6.7%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-29		​ ​	188(+8%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-30		​ ​	203(+8%)	0(n.a.)
2020-03-31		​ ​	207(+2%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-01		​ ​	218(+5.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-02		​ ​	227(+4.1%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-03		​ ​	237(+4.4%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-04		​ ​	240(+1.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-05		​ ​	241(+0.42%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-06		​ ​	245(+1.7%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-07		​ ​	249(+1.6%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-08		​ ​	251(+0.8%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-09		​ ​	255(+1.6%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-10		​ ​	257(+0.78%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-11		​ ​	258(+0.39%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-12		​ ​	260(+0.78%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-13		​ ​	265(+1.9%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-14		​ ​	266(+0.38%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-15		​ ​	267(+0.38%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-16		​ ​	268(+0.37%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-17		​ ​	268(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-18		​ ​	268(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-19		​ ​	268(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-20		​ ​	268(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-21		​ ​	268(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-22		​ ​	268(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-23		​ ​	268(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-24		​ ​	270(+0.75%)	0(n.a.)
2020-04-25		​ ​	270(=)	0(n.a.)
⋮		​ ​	270(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-03		​ ​	271(+0.37%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-04		​ ​	271(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-05		​ ​	271(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-06		​ ​	271(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-07		​ ​	288(+6.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-08		​ ​	288(=)	0(n.a.)
⋮		​ ​	288(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-10		​ ​	288(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-11		​ ​	288(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-12		​ ​	288(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-13		​ ​	288(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-14		​ ​	288(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-15		​ ​	313(+8.7%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-16		​ ​	318(+1.6%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-17		​ ​	320(+0.63%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-18		​ ​	324(+1.2%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-19		​ ​	324(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-20		​ ​	324(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-21		​ ​	324(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-22		​ ​	324(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-23		​ ​	324(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-24		​ ​	325(+0.31%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-25		​ ​	326(+0.31%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-26		​ ​	327(+0.31%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-27		​ ​	327(=)	0(n.a.)
⋮		​ ​	327(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-29		​ ​	327(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-30		​ ​	328(+0.31%)	0(n.a.)
2020-05-31		​ ​	328(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-01		​ ​	328(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-02		​ ​	328(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-03		​ ​	328(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-04		​ ​	328(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-05		​ ​	328(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-06		​ ​	329(+0.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-07		​ ​	329(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-08		​ ​	332(+0.91%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-09		​ ​	332(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-10		​ ​	332(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-11		​ ​	332(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-12		​ ​	333(+0.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-13		​ ​	334(+0.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-14		​ ​	334(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-15		​ ​	334(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-16		​ ​	334(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-17		​ ​	335(+0.3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-18		​ ​	342(+2.1%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-19		​ ​	349(+2%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-20		​ ​	349(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-21		​ ​	349(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-22		​ ​	349(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-23		​ ​	349(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-24		​ ​	352(+0.86%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-25		​ ​	352(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-26		​ ​	353(+0.28%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-27		​ ​	355(+0.57%)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-28		​ ​	355(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-29		​ ​	355(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-06-30		​ ​	355(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-01		​ ​	355(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-02		​ ​	355(=)	0(n.a.)
⋮		​ ​	355(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-06		​ ​	369(+3.9%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-07		​ ​	369(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-08		​ ​	369(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-09		​ ​	369(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-10		​ ​	369(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-11		​ ​	370(+0.27%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-12		​ ​	372(+0.54%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-13		​ ​	372(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-14		​ ​	373(+0.27%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-15		​ ​	381(+2.1%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-16		​ ​	381(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-17		​ ​	382(+0.26%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-18		​ ​	382(=)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-19		​ ​	383(+0.26%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-20		​ ​	384(+0.26%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-21		​ ​	396(+3.1%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-22		​ ​	408(+3%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-23		​ ​	412(+0.98%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-24		​ ​	413(+0.24%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-25		​ ​	417(+0.97%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-26		​ ​	420(+0.72%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-27		​ ​	431(+2.6%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-28		​ ​	438(+1.6%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-29		​ ​	450(+2.7%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-30		​ ​	464(+3.1%)	0(n.a.)
2020-07-31		​ ​ ​	546(+18%)	2(n.a.)
2020-08-01		​ ​ ​	586(+7.3%)	3(+50%)
2020-08-02		​ ​ ​	620(+5.8%)	6(+100%)
2020-08-03		​ ​ ​	642(+3.5%)	6(=)
2020-08-04		​ ​ ​	670(+4.4%)	8(+33%)
2020-08-05		​ ​ ​	713(+6.4%)	8(=)
2020-08-06		​ ​ ​	747(+4.8%)	10(+25%)
2020-08-07		​ ​ ​	784(+5%)	10(=)
2020-08-08		​ ​ ​	810(+3.3%)	10(=)
2020-08-09		​ ​ ​	841(+3.8%)	11(+10%)
2020-08-10		​ ​ ​	847(+0.71%)	15(+36%)
2020-08-11		​ ​ ​	863(+1.9%)	16(+6.7%)
2020-08-12		​ ​ ​	880(+2%)	17(+6.2%)
2020-08-13		​ ​ ​	905(+2.8%)	20(+18%)
2020-08-14		​ ​ ​	929(+2.7%)	21(+5%)
2020-08-15		​ ​ ​	950(+2.3%)	23(+9.5%)
2020-08-16		​ ​ ​	962(+1.3%)	24(+4.3%)
2020-08-17		​ ​ ​	976(+1.5%)	24(=)
Sources: Ministry of Health of Vietnam (Chart from Vietnam Ministry of Health)

Overview

The first two confirmed cases in Vietnam were admitted to Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City on 23 January 2020, is a 66-year-old Chinese man traveling from epicenter Wuhan to Hanoi to visit his son and his son who believed to have contracted the virus from his father when they met in Nha Trang.[18] The first cluster also appeared in Son Loi Commune, Bình Xuyên District, Vĩnh Phúc after few workers returning from a business trip in Wuhan and infected other people in close contact with them.[19] The Vietnamese government immediately locked down Bình Xuyên District until 4 March 2020 to prevent the disease spread all over the country. Having cases early is one of the main reasons why Vietnam successful in fighting the virus, in the first 16 cases of the disease, the medical staff had to treat many types of patient, including infants, the elderly and people with underlying conditions. This is like "an exercises" for the Vietnam medical system to prepare and study the new virus.[20] [21]

The second phase started from the evening of 6 March, Hanoi Department of Health confirmed the first case in the capital, a 26-year-old woman who travelled through Italy, France and England. This is the 17th case in Vietnam.[22] On the afternoon of 20 March, the Ministry of Health announced 2 patients of COVID-19, 86th and 87th, were two female nurses at Bach Mai Hospital have no history of contact with any COVID-19 patients.[23] In March and April 2020, the number of cases increased rapidly due to the large number of people coming from European countries and the appearance of clusters such as Bach Mai Hospital, Ha Loi Commune in Hanoi and Buddha Bar in Ho Chi Minh City.[24][25][26]

On 21 March, Vietnam suspended entry for all foreigners from midnight of 22 March, and concentrated isolation for 14 days in all cases of entry for Vietnamese citizens.[27] From 1 April, Vietnam implemented nationwide isolation for 15 days.[28] On the same day, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc announced the nationwide outbreak of COVID-19.[29] The drastic epidemic control measures had positive results and the country did not confirm any cases of local transmission from mid-April to the end of July, and the country already started to open up.[30][31]

The country entered a second wave of infection when the Ministry of Health announced the 416th case in Da Nang, which was the first case with an unknown source of infection in 99 days.[32][33] On 28 July, the Da Nang authorities started a 15-day quarantine of the city.[34] Many cases around the country with epidemiological factors related to Da Nang were furthermore detected.[35] On 31 July, Vietnam recorded its first COVID death.[36][37][38]

First wave

January

On 23 January, Vietnam confirmed the first two cases of COVID-19.[39] Vietnam Ministry of Health issued two hotline numbers for information on coronavirus disease, and advised citizens to contact nearest healthcare center if suspecting symptoms.[39] On 24 January, Acting Minister of Health Vũ Đức Đam ordered the activation of the Emergency Epidemic Prevention Centre.[40] Vietnamese doctors documented and reported the two cases to medical journal The New England Journal of Medicine, at that time this was the first concrete evidence to the scientific community about human-to-human transmission of the disease outside China.[41][42] On 29 January, the son fully recovered and was discharged.[43] His father was discharged on 12 February.[41]

On 29 January, the Ministry of Health established 40 mobile emergency response teams, on stand-by to assist affected locations, for quarantine, disinfection, and transporting patients or suspecting patients.[44] A week after the first two cases, three positive cases were confirmed by the Ministry of Health, involving Vietnamese nationals who had returned from Wuhan. Case No. 3 (25-yr-old female) was quarantined and cured in Thanh Hóa Province, while the other two cases (#4: 29-yr-old male; #5: 23-yr-old female) are hospitalised in Hanoi.[45][46] Case No. 5 was discharged on 3 February, fully recovered and tested negative with the virus.[47]

February

Vietnamese panic buying instant noodles in supermarket during the pandemic.

On 1 February, a 25-year-old woman (#6) was declared coronavirus-positive in Khánh Hòa Province. She has worked as a receptionist and had direct contact with the Chinese father and son (cases #1–2).[48] This case was discharged from the hospital on 4 February.[49] Noticeably, this case was the first domestic transmission in Vietnam, leading to an epidemic declaration signed by the Vietnamese Prime Minister and calls for border tightening, aviation permits revoked, and visa restriction.[50][51][52][53]

On 2 February, a Vietnamese American (#7) got infected with coronavirus, due to two-hour layover in Wuhan airport during his trip from the US.[54]

On 3–4 February, Vietnam announced their eighth and ninth case: a 29-year-old female (#8) and a 30-year-old male (#9). They belonged to the same training team with the previous confirmed cases of three (cases #3-through-5).[55][56]

Later on 4 February, the 10th case was identified. A 42-year-old female met and greeted with the case No. 5 during Lunar New Year holiday.[57] Mother (49-year-old, #11) and younger sister (16-year-old, #12) of the case No. 5 were also transmitted on 6 February.[58]

On 7 February, Vietnam confirmed their 13th case, a 29-year-old worker, a member of the same training crew as the 5 previously confirmed cases (case #3,4,5,8,9).[59]

Earlier of the same day, Vietnam declared to have successfully cultured and isolated the virus in the lab, one of the early countries to do this, along with Singapore, Australia, Japan and China.[60]

On 9 February, a 55-year-old woman, a neighbour of case No. 5, tested positive; the 14th case.[61]

On 10 February, three more cases: #4, #5 and #9 were declared to be recovered.[62]

The 15th case was identified on 11 February, a 3-month-old grandchild of case No. 10.[63]

Case No. 15 also marked the 10th case found in Vinh Phuc and prompted Vinh Phuc province leadership to implement quarantine of the at-risk village named Son Loi with more than 10,600 people, activating mobile food shops and handing out free masks to all villagers, in an effort to contain the spread of the virus.[64] 10,600 villagers were divided into groups of 50–60 households each, each group assigned to a supervision team responsible for daily household visits and health-checks. The quarantine of Son Loi village was scheduled to last 14 days.[65]

On 13 February, father of case No. 5 was tested positive, making the number of cases in Vietnam 16.[66]

On 25 February, the 16th was released from the hospital after being tested negative from the COVID-19, temporarily made Vietnam cleared from COVID-19 outbreak.[67] However, quarantine measures continue to be imposed until further notice.[68]

On 3 March, after 20 days without new case of coronavirus, Son Loi village was approved to remove quarantine.[69]

March

CGV Cinema temporarily closed at Hanoi Times City in March 2020.

A quarantine area in Vietnam during COVID-19

On 6 March night, Hanoi urgently announced a new case of coronavirus, the first one found in the capital of Vietnam. The patient (case #17), a 26-year-old woman, had been travelling across Europe during the outbreak. She had been exhibiting several symptoms, but didn't notify the authorities about her travel history or health conditions.[70] Within the night, the government proceeded to track and isolate roughly 200 people who either had close contact, lived on the same street, or had been on the same flight VN0054 from London as patient No. 17.[71][72] The incident also sparked a wave of stockpiling purchases across the city.[73]

On 7 March afternoon, a 27-year-old Vietnamese was diagnosed with COVID-19 and moved into quarantine in Ninh Bình Province for treatment, making this the 18th case. This patient had previously been in Daegu for several days in February and, prior to testing positive, had already been quarantined – along with all passengers on the same flight from South Korea – since he re-entered Vietnam.[74] Just 2 hours later, the Vietnamese Ministry of Health confirmed 2 more cases (#19-#20) in Hanoi, both related to the 17th case.[75] The same day, Hanoi city expanded the scope of contact tracing to F5 and raised the quarantine procedures by one level, meaning F1 to be quarantined in hospitals and treated the same as a patient case, F2-F3 to be moved into central quarantine, and F4-F5 to self-quarantine at home, with temperature checked twice per day.[75]

On 8 March, another case in Hanoi was announced, which was a 61-year-old man.[76] Later this day, 9 more cases was announced, with 4 cases in Quảng Ninh, 2 cases in Lào Cai, 2 cases in Đà Nẵng and 1 case in Thừa Thiên – Huế. All ten cases (#21-#30) were foreigners tracked from the same flight into Vietnam with case No. 17.[77]

On 9 March evening, a 49-year-old British man was tested positive (case #31) and put into quarantine in Quảng Nam Province, previously on the same flight with patient number 17.[78]

On 10 March, a 24-year-old Vietnamese woman who had just returned from England and previously had close contact with case No. 17 while in London, tested positive (case #32). She had flown back to Vietnam in a private jet with quarantined cabin – after becoming aware that case No. 17 was infected – to seek healthcare in her home country.[79] Later that day, another British man was found infected with the virus (case #33), who was on the same flight with case No. 17.[80] Before the end of the day, the 34th case was identified, a 51-year-old businesswoman who had visited the United States, with a brief transit in Korea and Qatar during the trip.[81]

On 11 March, Vietnam confirmed their 35th case of COVID-19, a 29-year-old woman who works in an electronics supermarket in Da Nang, and had physical contact with two infected British tourists.[82] Within the same day, 3 more case were discovered (#36-#38), all are related to patient number 34.[83]

On 12 March morning, Vietnamese Ministry of Health reported the 39th case of the country. This case is a 29-year-old tour guide in Hanoi, who had contact with patient number 24 during a trip to Ninh Binh.[84] Evening of the same day, five more cases were announced (#40-#44), all are related to patient number 34.[85]

On 13 March three more cases (numbers 45 to 47) were announced, related to case No. 34, case No. 17, and the flight VN0054 from London.[86][87]

On 14 March 6 cases were announced (numbers 48 to 53). Aside from cases related to flight VN0054 and patient 34, there are 3 unrelated cases: A Vietnamese came back from Paris, a Vietnamese overseas student who has been travelling across Europe, and a Czech national.[88]

On 16 March, a new case was reported in Vietnam, known as the 61st patient. The patient, a Muslim from the Cham minority, had participated in the Tablighi Jamaat in Sri Petaling mosque, Malaysia, where he got infected before returning to Vietnam and attended the Jamiul Muslimin Mosque in Ho Chi Minh City before returning home in Ninh Thuận. Due to the wide range of people he contacted, it raised the fear of the patient being a super spread patient. Eventually, the Vietnamese authorities decided to isolate and quarantine the whole province, as well as shut the mosque.[89][90][91] Subsequently, a new-found case connected with the man were also discovered the following days.[92] On 22 March, another case also related to the Islamic activities is a fellow Muslim who returned from Malaysia also attended in the same Sri Petaling mosque, before went back to Vietnam and still did Islamic praying five times a day in Jamiul Anwar mosque, despite being asked to quarantine at home.[93]

On 22 March, Vietnam recorded over fourteen new patients, surpassing over 100 patients for the first time. Many returned from various countries, including Britain, Malaysia, and France; which were at the time severely hit by coronavirus.[94]

On 26 March 12 more cases were confirmed.[95]

April

Doctor taking blood sample for COVID-19 rapid testing at Hoang Mai Market, Hanoi.

From 17 to 23 April, no new cases were confirmed.[96][97] However, there were reports of cases who tested positive again after being discharged.[98][99] On 22 April, People's Committee of Đồng Văn District decided to lockdown Dong Van town for six days after confirmed the first cases in the province on 16 April.[100]

On 24 April, two more cases were confirmed: both were Vietnamese students who came back from Japan and quarantined on arrival.[101]

May

A previously discharged patient in Hà Nam was pronounced dead on 4 May, later confirmed to have died from liver failure and not COVID-19. The patient had previously gone to the hospital on 20 March to treat last stage of liver disease, before testing positive for COVID-19 on 7 April. He received treatment for it and was subsequently discharged on 17 April after testing four times negative from coronavirus.[102][103]

On 15 May, Vietnam confirmed 24 new cases, all of them from a repatriating flight from Russia and quarantined after arrival in Thai Binh and Quang Ninh, raising the total number of COVID-19 cases to 312.[104]

On 29 May, after a long period without any confirmed cases of local transmission, Vietnam Airlines announced that it had completely restored its domestic flights after months under lockdown; international flights, however, remain suspended.[105]

June

On 25 June, a flight from Japan to Vietnam took off from Narita International Airport; this was the first flight since the two countries agreed to ease travel restrictions which were imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. More flights to Vietnam are scheduled in the coming months by other countries.[106][107]

Second wave

July

On 6 July, a group of doctors who had been overseeing the treatment of “Patient 91”, a British pilot who was Vietnam’s most critical COVID-19 case, announced that he “has made substantial progress and his health condition allows him to travel”. The patient was discharged from Cho Ray Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City few days later.[108][109]

As of July, Vietnam had gone more than three months without new COVID-19 cases from local transmission. All recent cases were people who had been infected abroad and who had been placed in government quarantine facilities after arrival in Vietnam.[110]

Da Nang C Hospital. After detecting the patient positive with COVID-19 visited there, the authorities decided to quarantine the hospital with everyone inside it for at least 14 days.

On 22 July, a 57-year-old man went to Da Nang C Hospital coughing and feeling tired. After diagnosing him with pneumonia, the doctors took samples for testing for COVID-19, and got a positive result. His samples were sent to the Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang and to the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Hanoi for more tests and the results also came back positive.[111]

The night of 23 July, the Da Nang Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Da Nang CDC) took samples from more than 100 people thought to have been in contact with the man during the previous days, including his family members, and all of them tested negative. More than 50 people who had been in contact with the suspected patient at the Da Nang C Hospital were quarantined immediately and the hospital was locked down the next day. In the afternoon of 24 July, the man suspected of being infected with COVID-19 was suffering from acute and severe pneumonia and had to be supported by ECMO. The Ministry of Health determined that the possibility this is a positive case is very high. The Deputy Director of the Da Nang Department of Health said the patient is being treated at the Da Nang Hospital Department of Tropical Medicine.[112]

On the same day, the Vietnamese Acting Minister of Health Nguyễn Thanh Long ordered the city authorities to suspend all international flights at Da Nang International Airport.[113] The ministry rolled out extensive countermeasures and immediately sent a group of doctors from Cho Ray Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City to Da Nang to assist with the case. Deputy Prime Minister Vũ Đức Đam, head of the National Steering Committee for COVID-19 Prevention and Control, urged all competent forces to remain vigilant and stand ready to deal with new developments of the pandemic.[114] On 25 July, the Ministry of Health confirmed the case in Da Nang, this ended 99 continuous days Vietnam not confirmed any local transmission cases.[115][116]

After the case was confirmed, Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc has ordered the Ministry of Public Security to investigate and deal with a ring that illegally trafficked foreigners into Da Nang and Quang Nam. The police have arrested three people, including two Vietnamese and one Chinese for "organizing illegal entry into Vietnam" after they found that dozens of Chinese nationals were illegally crossing the border. Recent reports of a large number of foreigners, mainly Chinese, illegally entering the country showed "lax immigration management".[117]

On 26 July, Da Nang confirmed three more cases in community, case #418 is a 61-year-old man living in Hải Châu District, the patient condition is serious and had to use the ventilator, authorities are investigating whether this case related to the previously discovered patient in Da Nang one day ago. Two remaining cases (#419, #420) are a 17-year-old teenager and a 71-year-old woman, all of them related with Da Nang C Hospital.[118][119]

On 27 July, Da Nang authorities confirmed 11 new cases, including seven who are being treated in different departments and four are medical personnel at Da Nang Hospital.[120]

On 28 July, Vietnam confirmed 4 cases in Da Nang and 3 cases in Quang Nam Province.[121]

On 29 July, Vietnam confirmed 12 cases in four cities and provinces, including 8 in Da Nang, 2 in Ho Chi Minh City, 1 in Hanoi and 1 in Dak Lak.[122][123]

On 30 July 8 cases in Da Nang, 5 cases in Quang Nam Province and 1 case in Hanoi were confirmed positive with COVID-19.[124]

On 31 July, Vietnam confirmed 82 new cases, this is the highest number of new cases in a day, those including 45 cases in Da Nang, 20 cases in Hanoi, 8 cases in Quang Nam Province, 6 cases in Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, 3 cases in Ho Chi Minh City,[125][126] and on the same day the first two deaths due to COVID-19 occurred in Vietnam: patient 428 and 437, are two elderly 70 and 61 years old man who appeared to contract the virus in Da Nang.[127]

August

Since the second wave, Vietnam has recorded 492 new cases, including 427 cases in 14 cities and provinces related to Da Nang.[128] More than 200 health workers from all over the country have come to the central coastal provinces to support the epidemic prevention, the Cuban government also sent a team of health experts into the epicenter Da Nang.[129]

On 6 August, Vietnam confirmed its tenth death, the first to be diagnosed as having COVID-19 after death.[130] The authorities began mass testing around the country for people coming from Da Nang in July.[131]

On 7 August, an officer of the 377th Air Defence Division tested positive and the local health officials immediately quarantined 14 close contacts. This was the first case related to military personnel in the country.[132]

On 14 August, Vietnam government has decided to isolated Hải Dương city for 15 days after detecting four residents tested positive, none had travel history to Da Nang.[133] On the same day, the Ministry of Health announced that Ho Chi Minh City had 1 new case of COVID-19, patient 912, is a Chinese man who crossed the northern border illegally into Vietnam.[134] Out of 152 cases of illegal entry discovered in Ho Chi Minh City since May, Chinese people account for 72%, Cambodian 11%, the rest are Vietnamese and Korean, the Center for Disease Control in Ho Chi Minh City (HCDC) said. This raises concerns about an outbreak from the people who entered illegally in the city area.[135]

Medical responses

Drug therapy and vaccine development

Further information: COVID-19 vaccine, COVID-19 drug development, and COVID-19 drug repurposing research

SARS-CoV-2 viruses under microscope. These are isolated from a patient in the U.S.

Russian Sputnik V vaccine. In August 2020, Vietnam's health ministry has registered to buy 50 to 150 million doses.

On 7 February 2020, the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Hanoi announced that it had successfully cultured and isolated the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in the lab, the fourth country to do so. The achievement would allow quicker test results for nCoV, meaning thousands of samples could be tested a day, said the institute.[136] It would also serve as a basis for the development of a vaccine against the virus. Assoc. Prof., Dr. Le Quynh Mai, Deputy Director of National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, said the virus causing COVID-19 has evolved into many branches. Three branches have been recorded in the world. Vietnam recorded and isolated two different virus branches, one from patients returning from Wuhan in February and the other from patients returning from Europe in March.[137][138]

In May 2020, Vietnam declared that their COVID-19 vaccine was developed after scientists successfully generated the novel coronavirus antigen in the lab. The vaccine has been developed by collaborating scientists at VABIOTECH in Hanoi and the Bristol University, it will be tested further in animals and evaluated for safety and effectiveness before a manufacturing process is embarked on. According to the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, it will take at least 12–18 months to develop vaccine that can work safely on human.[139][140] During the testing phase, researchers experimented by injecting the mice in many ways and administering multiple antigen doses, with some mice injected with one or two doses of 3-10 micrograms each. After 10 days, 50 mice were in good health and being closely monitored for immune responses. After gaining positive results with immune response and antibody production, the trial vaccine would be developed into a complete and stable version qualified to be used on humans. The research team would also develop commercial production procedures for mass-production, including up to tens of millions of units.[141][142]

In August 2020, Vietnam government announced that they has signed up for 50 to 150 million doses of Sputnik V vaccine from Russia. The Russian would also donate a number of machines, biological products and equipment to Vietnam for COVID-19 prevention, including their vaccine. In the meantime, Vietnamese researchers will still continue developing the country's own vaccine.[143][144]

Treatment

From the experiences gained from the SARS outbreak in 2003, Vietnam has been proactive in treating COVID-19 patients. Accordingly, the key method is to create a well-ventilated environment, do not use air conditioning and regularly disinfect. In addition, the treatment of clinical symptoms combined with physiotherapy and appropriate nutrition and psychological stability also greatly contributes.[145][146]

According to the Vietnam Ministry of Health, specific antiretroviral therapy will also be considered when sufficient evidence of effectiveness is available. To leave the hospital, patients need to have two consecutive negative samples of COVID-19 (both pharyngeal and pharyngeal fluid), taken at least 24 hours/test. After leaving the hospital, the patient must continue to isolate at home for another 14 days. The patient should be in a well-ventilated private room wearing mask, washing hand everyday, limiting contact with other family members and not to go out. Monitor body temperature twice per day, check again immediately if fever or other abnormal signs.[147]

In the second wave in Da Nang, the treatment regimen of Vietnam has many improvements. Compared to the beginning of the year, patients mainly treated by their symptoms and medical staffs will try to improve their condition, while in the new regimen, the antiviral drugs proved more effective for the COVID-19 patients. Specifically, Lopinavir, Ritonavir and Interferon have been used effectively by Vietnam, patients were virus free after 7 days of use. The method of extracting plasma from cured people to treat severe patients is also being considered as an alternative to antiviral drugs, which also included in the new treatment regimen. As for Malaria drugs, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine are no longer used for treatment.[148][149]

New virus strain

The newly acquired COVID-19 strain that has entered Vietnam has a mutation which increases the infection rates, leading to a high number of cases in a second wave. Nguyen Thanh Long - Minister of Health, said that this new strain is imported from outside of Vietnam. The epidemic may already started from early July 2020 and until August, Da Nang has gone through 4 cycles of infection.[150][151]

The basic reproduction number (R0) in the second wave was 5 to 6, while in April this was only from 1.8 to 2.2. The rate of positive results of people who contacted indirectly with the COVID-19 patient are also higher than the previous wave. Scientists point out that this strain of the virus is aggressive and capable of causing a transition to a serious condition more quickly. The health ministry has sent the best experts to Da Nang to help the city contain the spread of the infection and quickly identify the source of the infection. They also has submitted the new strain’s data to a world gene bank for comparison. On 4 August, the Ministry of Health confirmed that the strain of coronavirus in Vietnam in the second wave is D614G, also the dominant mutation wreaking havoc across the globe.[152] The study published by Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico asserts that patients who infected by that mutation actually have more virus in their bodies, making them more likely to spread it to others.[153][154][155]

Relapse

Loading sample into PCR machine for COVID-19 testing.

Many COVID-19 cases in Vietnam have reported positive tests after they were deemed to have recovered from the disease. This also happened in other countries such as United States, South Korea and China. Dr. Oh Myoung-don, head of South Korea Central Clinical Committee for Emerging Disease Control rejected the possibility of "reinfection", assuming that the patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus, most likely due to "the testing kit collected RNA from the dead virus fragments, these may remain in the body for months".[156][157]

Vietnam Deputy Minister of Health Nguyen Thanh Long also agreed with the above opinion, saying that maybe the patient has not fully recovered during the treatment process so the virus has not been completely eliminated and still exists in the body, especially in lung mucous cells.[158] According to Dr. Gao Yan, director of Department of Infectious Disease at Peking University People's Hospital, these patients are less likely to spread the disease.[159]

Testing

See also: COVID-19 testing

As of 18 March 2020, Vietnam has produced at least two sets of COVID-19 test kits. On 3 March, leader of the research team - Assoc. Prof. Dong Van Quyen, Deputy Director of the Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, announced that they are completed the research and development of the SARS-CoV-2 detection kit, based on RT-PCR and realtime RT-PCR. Two days later, the Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology has announced the result of researching and manufacturing biological kit to detect novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) conducted by Military Medical Academy and Viet A Technology JSC.[160]

The kit has been tested for sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and repeatability at the lab of Viet A Technology JSC. and Vietnam Military Medical Academy. The results show that the criteria are equivalent to the kit produced by the CDC and the World Health Organization. Independent testing at the Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, evaluating on patient samples, compatible with 5 types of common devices in medical facilities in the country, gives 100% accurate results in all of the test. The kit detection time is about 2 hours.[161][162] After being licensed by the Ministry of Health, 20 countries have ordered the test kit. The first four countries to be received are Malaysia, Iran, Finland and Ukraine, as of 17 March 2020.[163]

In August 2020, the Ministry of Health has approved the use of GeneXpert, a type of test that has been used in Vietnam tuberculosis prevention network since 2012, for COVID-19 testing. According to Nguyen Viet Nhung, director of the National Lung Hospital in Hanoi, the test is similar to RT-PCR, gives accurate results within 35-45 minutes for both COVID-19 and tuberculosis and could works automatically.[164]

Government responses

Coronavirus pandemic phases in Vietnam[165][166][167]

Stage	No. of cases	Description
First wave
Phase 1 (23 January – 25 February 2020)	16	Cases reported are usually people who have had travel history to China.
Phase 2 (6 – 19 March 2020)	69	The virus has spread globally, many cases reported are from other countries but it is still easy to trace spread and quarantine.
Phase 3 (20 March – 21 April 2020)	183	Infections in community, many cluster begin to appear in high-density areas. The source of the infection is untraceable.
Phase 4 (22 April 2020 – 24 July 2020)	145	Not reported any cases of local transmission, all of the cases are imported and quarantined after arrival.
Second wave
Phase 1 (25 July 2020 – ongoing)	565	New community transmission cases appeared again after more than three months. Officials re-implemented social distancing.

On 16 March 2020, the Vietnamese government required everyone to wear masks when going to public areas to protect themselves and others.[168]

After the Vietnamese government ordered a nationwide isolation, many public areas such as schools and restaurants had to be closed until 15 April 2020.[169]

Vietnam has prepared for the epidemic as early as the very first case in China emerged, around mid-December 2019. Vietnam's Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc ordered measures to prevent and counter the spread of the disease into Vietnam,[170] as well as to warn Vietnamese citizens to avoid visiting areas with outbreaks.[171] Deputy Minister Đỗ Xuân Tuyên said that Vietnam is considering closing the border with China as a necessary countermeasure.[172] According to Kidong Park, World Health Organization representative to Vietnam, the first risk assessment exercise was conducted by the Vietnamese in early January - soon after cases in China started being reported.[8] On 24 January, two days after the first cases, the Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam ordered the cancellation of all flights from and to Wuhan.[173][174] On 31 January, infectious disease expert Nguyễn Thanh Long was appointed as deputy Minister of Health and later as Minister of Health, he served as one of the main government advisors regarding the pandemic.[175]

In February 2020, Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training suspended all school activities across the country until the end of March as part of quarantine measures against the spreading of the virus, and later extended this till the middle of April until further notice.[176] Aggressive measures were also taken to combat possible outbreaks, from 14 days quarantine to restriction of outdoor activities (some sources believe it was more than 20 to 40 days under quarantine),[177] the Vietnam People's Armed Forces also takes part on patrolling and controlling measures.[178]

The government and local media outlets have used the phrase Cuộc chiến với Covid-19 (War with COVID-19) to illustrate the efforts and sacrifices required to contain the pandemic.[179][180][181][182][183]

April nationwide isolation

On 31 March 2020, Vietnamese government ordered a nationwide isolation of 15 days from 1 to 15 April.[169] From 16 April, local airlines could raise the number of domestic flights, which were subsequently further increased on 23 April and again on 29 April.[184][185][186]

On 23 April 2020, Vietnamese government lifted social isolation rule, subsequently allowing re-opening of non-essential services including restaurants. On the same day, schools across the country could be re-opened, with dates varying per each province and city case.[187]

Everyone who enters Vietnam from abroad, however, continued to be quarantined upon arrival for 14 days. From 23 April, plans for repatriation flights to bring Vietnamese citizens abroad back to Vietnam were re-newed, with an initial plan for 13 flights.[185] Among the flights conducted was notably the first-ever direct flight in history operated by Vietnam Airlines from Vietnam to the United States on 7 May.[188]

From 9 May, cinemas were reopened.[189] On 11 May, Vietnamese government started a nationwide tourism campaign, named 'Vietnamese travel Vietnam', to increase domestic demand for travelling and promote domestic tourism.[189]

Quarantine of Da Nang

In late-July, Vietnam was placed on high alert after the government confirmed dozens of community infections, the first since April, all in or around Da Nang.[190]

On 27 July, the government made the drastic decision to begin evacuating 80,000 people from Da Nang, a process it said would take four days with domestic airlines operating approximately 100 flights daily from Da Nang to 11 cities around the country.[191]

On the same day, the Da Nang Municipal People’s Committee announced restrictions applicable for 15 days, starting from 28 July. Six districts in quarantine area include: Hai Chau, Thanh Khe, Son Tra, Ngu Hanh Son, Cam Le, and Lien Chieu District with more than one million people requested to stay at home and only go out in case of extreme necessity such as buying food, medicine,seeking essential goods and services, and medical emergencies. All educational and non-essential services in the city was closed. Face masks were mandated in public and people were ordered to frequently wash their hands with soap or alcoholic sanitisers. Gatherings of more than two people in public are disallowed and maintenance of a minimum distance of 2 meters is required. All types of public transport were halted and personal vehicles were heavily restricted. The Da Nang Department of Health was asked to promptly organize epidemiological investigation, contact-tracing in areas related to the confirmed cases, and massive testing to early detect infection sources and high-risk cases.[192][193]

The rural district of Hoa Vang was the last district to be quarantined, starts from 13:00, 28 July 2020.[194][195] On 31 July, the neighboring city of Hội An were also placed under quarantine for 15 days after at least 4 people tested positive with COVID-19.[196][197]

The authorities also decided to lockdown four hospitals: Da Nang C Hospital , Da Nang Hospital, Da Nang Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Hospital and Hoan My Hospital where the patients visited just before they were confirmed positive for COVID-19.[198][199]

According to the regulation of the Ministry of Transport issued on 27 July to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic:[200]

After the midnight of 28 July 2020, Da Nang International Airport will be temporarily closed. All public vehicles such as tourist buses, taxis, public buses in the area of Da Nang must stop operating, except for government vehicles, emergency vehicles and any vehicles transporting necessities. Any car traveling through Da Nang cannot stop to pick up passengers in the city.

Vietnam Railways has been instructed to suspend the operation of passenger trains to and from Da Nang station. North-South trains are still operating normally on the route but do not stop when entering the city area. Passenger boats and ferry services originating from Da Nang are also prohibited. Aircraft, ships and vehicles transporting cargo are not affected by this regulation.

On 12 August, Da Nang has decided to continue social distancing for another two weeks when the number of cases in the community still shows no signs of stopping. The local government also issued "shopping coupons" for residents, each family will be given five coupons to use within 15 days, in order to prevent large gatherings at markets.[201]

Temporary field hospital

Tien Son Sport Center before its conversion into COVID field hospital.

On 31 July, the Da Nang Party Committee announced that they will use Tien Son Sport Center in Hải Châu District as a temporary field hospital to help the city's hospitals cope with the rising number of COVID-19 patients in the area. The sport center covers a floor space of 10,000 m² (110,000 sq ft) with a maximum capacity of 2,000 beds.[202] In the meeting, the committee also agreed to use the sports ground of the Da Nang Military Command to store necessities and medical equipment to support the prevention and control of the epidemic.[203]

Mr. Huynh Duc Tho, Chairman of Da Nang People's Committee, stated that the situation of COVID-19 epidemic in the area was very dangerous and that drastic action and strong measures would be required to control the outbreak. The Party Committee tasked the city with urgently buying necessary medical equipment, including ECMO machines, ventilators, protective suits and medical masks.[204]

Financial support

On 10 April 2020, Vietnamese government has passed a VND62 trillion ($2.6 billion) financial support package, directly supporting people in difficulties due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Beneficiaries of this support package include employees who have to postpone labour contracts, part-time workers who are unemployed but have not received unemployment benefits, enterprises have no revenue or no financial source to pay salaries, employers, individual business households and people with meritorious services to the nation. However, the disbursement of the support package still faces many difficulties and delays because many reason.[205]

Cyberattacks on China

According to Reuters, APT32, a hacker group backed by Vietnamese government, also known as OceanLotus or Cobalt Kitty, has tried to compromise the personal and professional email accounts of staff at China's Ministry of Emergency Management and the local government of Wuhan, the epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic. This group has also been accused of compromising "governments, businesses and health agencies in search of information about the new disease and attempts to combat it."[206]

However, Vietnam says reports that it has supported hacker group APT32 to steal information on COVID-19 from China are ‘baseless’. "This is baseless information. Vietnam strictly forbids cyberattack behavior targeting organizations and individuals in any form," Foreign Affairs Ministry deputy spokesman Ngo Toan Thang said at an online press meet.[207]

Evacuation of Vietnamese abroad

Since late March, more than 19,600 Vietnamese people have been flown back to the country on 80 repatriation flights from various parts of the world.[208] On 13 July, Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc allowed the resumption of commercial flights to and from China after five months of shutdown of international flights to control COVID-19.[209]

On 28 July, Vietnam Airlines repatriation flight VN05 departed from Hanoi to Equatorial Guinea to bring 219 Vietnamese worker back to Vietnam. According to the airline statement, the Airbus A350 will fly directly from Noi Bai International Airport to the city of Bata for more than 12 hours, then stop picking up passengers and refueling for 3 hours, then return to Vietnam. The aircraft is expected to land at Hanoi at 11:20 on 29 July. Of the 219 returning workers, 129 were infected with COVID-19. On the plane, there are 2 doctors and 2 nurses of the Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases to promptly provide emergency and support to the patients. Health authorities also arrange a variety of medical equipment to support passengers. Medical stretchers are mounted on aircraft, providing emergency aid for serious patients.[210]

Local reactions

Xenophobia

The Asia Times reported that "A number of Vietnamese hotels and guesthouses have reportedly hung signs on their doors saying that Chinese guests are not welcome, while many Vietnamese have gone online to demand the closure of all border crossings with China."[211] Signs suggesting that Chinese customers were not welcome were seen in front of a shop in Phu Quoc and a restaurant in Da Nang.[212]

South Korean nationals are also reportedly screened due to the rampant outbreak of COVID-19 in South Korea, which has extensive trade relationship with Vietnam.[213][214]

Charity

Not only with the help of the government, many sponsors have provided food and water to the poor with many positive actions such as "rice ATMs" and free supermarkets. This assistance has contributed greatly to helping the society most vulnerable.[215]

Refusal to self-isolate

Although the authorities have put in place mandatory measures to prevent the spread of disease, there are some people still escaping the quarantined area or dishonest reporting about their symptoms, these actions caused serious consequences to the public.[216]

Anger was also reported due to the increasing number of the infected cases coming from the Muslim community returning from Malaysia following their attendance of the Tablighi Jamaat festival in Sri Petaling mosque, and two to three patients did not obey the self-quarantine law in Vietnam and still attended Islamic events in Ho Chi Minh City, leading to fury and demands to imprison the Muslim population, even among Vietnamese celebrities.[217]

Frauds

On 3 March 2020, a warehouse containing nearly 1 million masks of unknown origin were discovered after the inspection by the police in Tân Phú District, Ho Chi Minh City.[218] Many other cases involving masks of unknown origins, illegally produced, stored and traded have been detected, prevented and charged in time, such as in An Giang,[219] Lạng Sơn,[220] Cao Bằng,[221] and Quảng Ninh,[222] many other cases of production fake mask, illegal transportation of medical supplies abroad, also including collection and sale discarded masks or used masks to the public.[223][224][225]

On 17 April 2020, at the meeting of the Steering Committee on COVID-19 Prevention and Control of Hanoi, Mr. Nguyen Duc Chung, Chairman of Hanoi People's Committee said that the Investigation Police Department on Economic, Corruption Crimes and Smuggling (C03) of the Ministry of Public Security invited some officials of the Hanoi Center for Disease Control (HCDC) to the investigation about the purchase process of the COVID-19 testing machine.[226][227] On 22 April 2020, investigator determined that Mr. Nguyen Nhat Cam, director of the Hanoi CDC, and his accomplices had raised the purchase price for a COVID-19 test kit package using the real-time PCR system by three times.[228] Accordingly, the Investigation Police Department issued a decision to arrest him and six more people on charges of fraudulently buying COVID-19 testing machines. They will be probed on charges of violating bidding regulations causing serious consequences, an offence that can fetch jail terms of up to 20 years.[229][230]

YTN News incident

On 24 February 2020, a group of 20 South Korean visitors arrived in Da Nang on a flight from Daegu which was South Korea's COVID-19 epicentre.[214][231]

When being informed about the isolation for monitoring by local authorities, some people in the group refused. They were temporarily kept at the Da Nang Lung Disease Hospital before boarding a flight sponsored by the Vietnamese government back to South Korea the following day.[213]

After receiving complaints from few South Korean about the quarantined area, YTN has broadcast a controversial news report that Korean citizens are being "detained" under poor conditions. Accordingly, the people who appeared in the video said that even without any symptoms of coronavirus, they were still "detained" in a locked room, and not provided with adequate meals. Notably, this news also criticised the small isolation room, containing 2-3 people.[213]

Immediately after broadcasting and posting the news video on YouTube, YTN received a backlash from Vietnamese netizens. Some people demanded the news agency to apologise for posting false information. Under pressure from netizens, on 2 March, on their official website, YTN News had to publish an apology about the incident. In the statement, YTN stressed that they would continue to tell the truth and protect South Korean citizens, but at the same time be more careful with broadcasting style to avoid misunderstandings, especially regarding cultural differences.[213][214]

International reactions

International media

An example of a propaganda poster in Vietnam during COVID-19. The main slogan reads: "Staying Home is Patriotic!" The bottom text reads: "Whoever coughs, inform the health services; whoever spreads fake news, inform the police; whoever breaks quarantine, inform the online community"

Even in comparison to other commended examples like South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, Vietnam, before experiencing second wave, had experienced a much lower number of cases and no deaths[9][232][233] — an achievement recalling the success in 2003 when Vietnam became the first country to be cleared of the SARS outbreak.[9] Vietnam responded to the pandemic "early and proactively", as complimented by World Health Organization representative Kidong Park, with risk assessment conducted just after first reported cases in China in January.[9] The country is accredited by Professor Mike Toole from the Burnet Institute with acting "probably faster than any country in the world outside China". Toole points out that Vietnam had already developed three COVID-19 test kits by early March, the time when the U.S. had not even acquired an effective one.[8]

Due to its inability to conduct mass testing like South Korea, Vietnam implements a strict 14-day quarantine policy, and traces people exposed to the virus up to the fourth level of contact. Instead of relying on medicine and technology, the Vietnamese state security apparatus has adopted an widespread of public surveillance system along with a public well-respected military force.[234][235] The Guardian praised Vietnam's propaganda posters reflecting the wartime spirit and Vietnamese nationalism, along with early isolation and tracing objects in contact with the sick helped Vietnam avoid the disaster that Europe is suffering.[236] World Economic Forum said: "Unlike other rich Asian countries, Vietnam is not capable of conducting large-scale mass testing programs;" one-party national mechanism and powerful military-security forces helps the government to make decisions quickly and enact them promptly. Vietnam also has a strong surveillance culture with neighbours who will inform their local police if they suspect any misconduct. "This is not an approach that can be taken in Western societies."[237]

Analysts indicate transparency as the key difference in pandemic management in Vietnam and the neighboring China, despite their similar communist political institutions. Most international experts present in Vietnam refute skepticism and accord high credibility to statistics provided by the Ministry of Health.[8][235][238][239] According to Professor Guy Thwaites, the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Ho Chi Minh City had conducted 20,000 separate tests, of which the results matched those publicized by the government.[239] An investigation by Reuters correspondents in April on 13 funeral organizers in Hanoi found no abnormal upsurge in the number of deaths, if not even a slight decrease due to reduction of traffic accidents during the lockdown.[238] Huong Le Thu, analyst at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, cites reports of deaths during the second wave as a further demonstration that the zero fatality rate in the previous phase "should have not been questioned in the first place".[240] Trien Vinh Le and Huy Quynh Nguyen from the University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City highlight the difference from the censorship policy in China:

As a country with political institutions quite similar to China, Vietnam has long been considered to be a lot more open than China in terms of media censorship and information control. People in Vietnam, for example, can use most of the world’s social networks. Facebook is especially widely used and serves as a giant platform for people sharing information as well as expressing criticism, directly or indirectly, of government policies. While China’s media was slow to reveal its vulnerabilities and information about the mysterious pneumonia in Wuhan, doubts about the disease statistics from China in the early stages were laid bare to the Vietnamese internet community, enabling a stronger sense of prevention. Anecdotally, some scholars were seriously criticized when they proposed that face masks were unnecessary and coronavirus was not as dangerous as seasonal influenza in the United States.[10]

Australia

Simon Birmingham, Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment congratulated Vietnam for its achievements in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.[241]

He also thanked Vietnam for resuming the export of rice, helping rice importing countries including small countries in the Oceania-Pacific region to ensure their food demand.[241]

Chile

Chilean Ambassador to Vietnam Jaime Chomali said Vietnam has recorded only few new infections although having high population which showed that its efforts have produced persuasive outcomes. He feels confident in Vietnam's rapid economic recovery than that of other regional countries.[242]

Germany

In a statement published on its Facebook page on 14 April, the Federal Foreign Office showed appreciation and gratitude for the reactions of the Vietnamese government and people of Vietnam in supporting the European country's efforts in combatting COVID-19.[243]

Japan

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that his government decided to hand out a coronavirus stimulus of ¥100,000 per individual, including Vietnamese living and working in Japan and affirmed to continue efforts to ensure safety for Vietnamese citizens. Two governments agreed to continue working closely in strengthening exchanges and cooperation across all fields. Abe affirmed Japan will continue offering the second support package to help Vietnam cope with the disease and assist the country in economic growth.[244]

Russia

Prime Minister of Russia Mikhail Mishustin agreed with the Vietnamese government to continue facilitating trade between the two countries amid the pandemic. He also spoke highly of Vietnam's response to the COVID-19 and thanked Vietnam for offering 150,000 face masks to help Russia deal with the pandemic.[245] Russian Ambassador Konstantin Vnukov appreciated Vietnam's performance in the fight against COVID-19 and expressed hope that the countries would proceed with their mutual support in the fight against the pandemic.[242]

South Korea

South Korean President Moon Jae-in highly valued the measures taken by the Vietnamese government in containing the pandemic and affirmed that South Korea was ready to share experiences and cooperate with Vietnam in fighting the pandemic and protecting the population.[246]

United Kingdom

Gareth Ward, British Ambassador to Vietnam expressed his thanks for the support of the Vietnamese government for the British repatriation flight and the medical supplies to aid the UK in combating the pandemic.[247]

United States

The United States Ambassador to Vietnam, Daniel Kritenbrink, praised Vietnam for its rapid response to the outbreak.[248] The US delegation also praised Vietnam for its quarantine efforts, and has cooperated with the Vietnamese Embassy in the United States.[249] Matthew Moore, a Hanoi-based official from the CDC expressed "great confidence" in the Vietnamese government's response to the crisis.[238]

Criticism

However, Vietnam also received criticism for its response from anti-communist overseas Vietnamese, who accused the government of not being pro-active enough and censorship.[250] Rumours including video footage also spread that Chinese nationals fled to Vietnam from Guangxi, which triggered public reactions that Chinese nationals might be escaping from the coronavirus outbreak. It was later denied by the Vietnamese and Chinese governments as misleading. The Agence France-Presse also condemned the footage as fake.[251]

Some critics of the government have been arrested for allegedly spreading false information about the coronavirus pandemic.[252]

Impact

Economy

See also: Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Vietnam economy growth rate forecast of some international organizations. In the worst scenario, the growth rate of the country is lower than the economic recession in 1986 after a failed monetary policy during Đổi Mới period.

2020 GDP growth rate forecast by Asian Development Bank
(by percentage)

Sources: Asian Development Bank (ADB)[253]

Like most of the world's economy, Vietnam was hit hard by the outbreak because of the slowdown of private and national industries, the downturn of stock exchanges, and the lower number of incoming tourists, making hundreds of thousands people struggling to find jobs and are relying mostly on unemployment benefits to survive.[254] However, Vietnam's economic growth is expected to be higher than the Asia average of 2.2%. Despite the deceleration in economic activity and the downside risks posed by the pandemic, Vietnam's GDP growth rate is still to remain one of the highest in Southeast Asia, according to Asian Development Bank report.[253][255]

The Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE), on which the VN-Index is based, has lost around 30% in value since the beginning of the year until the end of March and reached its lowest level since January 2017.[256] According to the Private Economic Development Research Board survey of 1,200 enterprises, 26.2% of the company will go bankrupt if the pandemic lasts for 6 months, nearly 30% lose 20–50% of revenue, 60% lose more than half of revenue. Vietnam Industry Agency says industry manufacturing processing is in short supply of raw materials and components (mostly imported from Japan, China, South Korea) leads to the risk of stopping many factory operation.[257]

The Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs said the number of people filing for unemployment in May 2020 surged 44% year-on-year to 157,900. In the first five months 26,000 companies suspended their business. In the worst-case scenario, the number of workers affected by the pandemic could rise to 7.2 million in the second quarter, the ministry estimated.[253]

The Vietnam General Statistics Office said export turnover reached US$99.36 billion, down 1.7% year-on-year. Meanwhile, import value reached US$97.48 billion, down 3%, Vietnam's exports to the EU and ASEAN fell 12% and 13.4%[258]

Stockpiling

Stores across Vietnam quickly sold out of surgical masks and hand sanitisers after the initial cases of coronavirus were reported. This followed a similar trend in many other Asian countries.[259] Interim Health Minister Vũ Đức Đam urged the public to remain calm during the outbreak and avoid excessive emergency shopping.[260] Vietnamese authorities also arrested people profiteering from the outbreak.[261]

Aviation and tourism

See also: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation

See also: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism

Line of grounded Vietnam Airlines and Jetstar Pacific aircraft due to the pandemic at Noi Bai International Airport.

Tourism industry is the most severe affected, Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam said the aviation industry is in the worst situation in 60 years of development. Of the 234 Vietnam registered aircraft, more than 200 were grounded while airlines still have to spend hundreds millions dollars to maintain operations such as: aircraft leasing cost, paying for employee, aircraft maintenance and apron parking fee.[262] Vietnam Airlines estimates its 2020 revenues could decline by US$2.1 billion. This has seen as many as 10,000 employees of the national flag carrier, over 50% of its staff strength, taking unpaid leave. Duong Tri Thanh, CEO of Vietnam Airlines stressing that the carrier was going through the hardest time in its history.[263]

Due to the serious impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, foreign arrivals to Vietnam fell by 48.8% to 3.7 million in the reviewed period, the Vietnam General Statistics Office said

Of the total, 72.9% tourists were from Asia, down 51.4%. The fall was seen in almost all major markets, such as China, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan and France. Tourism revenue was estimated at VND 8.3 trillion (US$360 million), down 54.1%.[258]

Education

See also: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education

Vietnam recorded its first cases just two days before the Tet holidays, which fortunately had schools closed through 1 February. Nonetheless, schools and government authorities extended the holiday season until 10 February on a case-by-case basis. On 6 February, under the lead of Phung Xuan Nha, the Minister of Vietnam Education and Training, the Steering Committee for Disease Prevention and Control met and agreed to let the student's stay at home by an additional week. On 14 February, the Ministry of Health proposed schools to remain closed until the end of February, at which point schools had already closed nationwide. The decision to close schools nationwide, as a formality, came with the national isolation order on 31 March, effective 1 April. Consequently, Vietnamese students have not gone to school this spring semester, but schools are gradually adopting online teaching. On 31 March, the Ministry of Education and Training issued a guide of teaching plans for the second semester of the academic year 2019–2020 for junior high school and high school levels.[264]

Sport

See also: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports

The outbreak also forced the 2020 V.League 1 to be delayed to 7 March until further announcement, which affected the preparation of Vietnam national football team for the upcoming 2022 World Cup qualification.[265][266] It also caused the Vietnamese Grand Prix of the 2020 Formula One World Championship to be postponed until further notice.[267][268]

On 23 May 2020, 2020 V.League 1 played the first match between CLB Dược Nam Hà Nam Định and CLB Hoàng Anh Gia Lai with 10,000 spectators on Thiên Trường Stadium, this is the first professional football match in the world having spectators since the pandemic breaks.[269][270]

In popular culture

Vietnam's National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health commissioned artists to release the song "Ghen Cô Vy" ("Jealous Coronavirus"), a remake of the 2017 song "Ghen" ("Jealous"), to teach people how to thoroughly wash their hands during the worldwide coronavirus outbreak.[271][272] It has gone viral amidst the coronavirus outbreak, first earning praise from John Oliver in his talk show Last Week Tonight with John Oliver and has become increasingly popular among public and frequently duplicated by netizens, with UNICEF recommending the video as a means of fighting back the fear of coronavirus.[273]

Statistics

Number of cases by city & province in Vietnam City or province Total cases In-patient Recoveries Deaths 40 cities & provinces 976 485 467 24 Đà Nẵng 355 275 60 20 Hà Nội 154 33 121 0 Quảng Nam 96 86 7 3 Ho Chi Minh City 77 15 62 0 Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu 37 11 26 0 Thái Bình 31 1 30 0 Bạc Liêu 25 1 24 0 Ninh Bình 23 2 21 0 Vĩnh Phúc 19 0 19 0 Thanh Hóa 18 2 16 0 Hải Dương 14 9 5 0 Khánh Hòa 13 12 1 0 Quảng Ninh 11 0 11 0 Bắc Giang 10 6 4 0 Bình Thuận 9 0 9 0 Nam Định 8 5 3 0 Quảng Ngãi 7 5 2 0 Quảng Trị 7 6 0 1 Đồng Tháp 6 0 6 0 Hoà Bình 6 2 4 0 Hà Nam 5 1 4 0 Hưng Yên 5 0 5 0 Hà Tĩnh 4 0 4 0 Lạng Sơn 4 4 0 0 Tây Ninh 4 0 4 0 Trà Vinh 4 0 4 0 Đắk Lắk 3 3 0 0 Đồng Nai 3 2 1 0 Hải Phòng 3 3 0 0 Cần Thơ 2 0 2 0 Lào Cai 2 0 2 0 Ninh Thuận 2 0 2 0 Thừa Thiên-Huế 2 0 2 0 Bắc Ninh 1 0 1 0 Bến Tre 1 0 1 0 Cà Mau 1 0 1 0 Hà Giang 1 0 1 0 Kiên Giang 1 1 0 0 Lai Châu 1 0 1 0 Thái Nguyên 1 0 1 0 Number of cases by age and conditions

Patient symptom percentage in Vietnam Symptom % Symptomless 36.9 Fever 22.88 Dry cough 18.45 Sore throat 9.96 Muscle or joint pain 6.64 Shortness of breath 3.32 Nasal congestion 1.85 Number of cases by condition:   Cases in hospital: 369 (38% of confirmed cases)   Cases about to be discharged: 116 (12% of confirmed cases)   Discharged cases: 467 (48% of confirmed cases)   Deaths: 24 (2% of confirmed cases) Number of cases by gender:   Male: 49.3% of confirmed cases   Female: 50.7% of confirmed cases Number of cases by source of infection:   Community-spread: 55.4% of confirmed cases   Imported: 44.6% of confirmed cases

No. of confirmed cases, active cases and recoveries

Growth rate of active cases since 6 March 2020 (phase 2)
(a rising straight line indicates exponential growth, while a horizontal line indicates linear growth)

Show logarithmic scale

Show linear scale

Number of active cases since phase 2

Number of new cases since phase 2

Number of deaths since July 2020

Number of recoveries since phase 2

Sources:
Ministry of Health of Vietnam (Chart from Vietnam Ministry of Health)
Vietnam Centre for Disease Control (VNCDC)

Details of first 250 COVID-19 confirmed cases in Vietnam (as of 6 July 2020)

Case	Date	Age	Gender	Nationality	Place of detection	Place of treatment	Been to Wuhan, Hubei	Been to Covid-19 countries (excluding China)	Status	Note	Source
1	23 January 2020	66	Male	China	Ho Chi Minh City	Cho Ray Hospital	Yes	No	Discharged		[2]
2		28					Yes	No	Discharged	Son of case 1
3	30 January 2020	25	Female	Vietnam	Thanh Hoa	Thanh Hoa General Hospital	Yes	No	Discharged		[2]
4		29	Male		Vinh Phuc	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases	Yes	No	Discharged
5		23	Female				Yes	No	Discharged
6	1 February 2020	25	Female	Vietnam	Khanh Hoa	Khanh Hoa Hospital of Tropical Diseases	No	No	Discharged	Related to cases 1 and 2	[2]
7	2 February 2020	73	Male	United States	Ho Chi Minh City	Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Tropical Diseases	Yes	No	Discharged	Stayed at Wuhan Tianhe International Airport before flying to Vietnam	[2]
8	3 February 2020	29	Female	Vietnam	Vinh Phuc	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	Yes	No	Discharged		[2]
9	4 February 2020	30	Male	Vietnam	Vinh Phuc	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	Yes	No	Discharged		[2]
10		42	Female			Binh Xuyen District Medical Centre	No	No	Discharged	Cousin of case 5
11	6 February 2020	49	Female	Vietnam	Vinh Phuc	Binh Xuyen District Medical Centre	No	No	Discharged	Mother of case 5	[2]
12		16					No	No	Discharged	Sister of case 5
13	7 February 2020	29	Female	Vietnam	Vinh Phuc	Tam Dao Health Centre	Yes	No	Discharged		[2]
14	9 February 2020	55	Female	Vietnam	Vinh Phuc	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Neighbor of case 5	[2]
15	11 February 2020	3 months	Female	Vietnam	Vinh Phuc	Vietnam National Children's Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Grandchildren of case 10	[2]
16	13 February 2020	50	Male	Vietnam	Vinh Phuc	Binh Xuyen District Medical Centre	No	No	Discharged	Father of case 5	[2]
17	6 March 2020	26	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged	Visited to United Kingdom, Italy and France. Related to flight VN54 cluster	[274][275]
18	7 March 2020	27	Male	Vietnam	Ninh Binh	Ninh Binh General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged	Worked in Daegu	[276]
19		64	Female		Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Aunt of case 17
20		27	Male				No	No	Discharged	Driver of case 17
21	8 March 2020	61	Male	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged	Flight VN54 cluster	[277]
22		60		United Kingdom	Da Nang	Da Nang Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
23		66					No	Yes	Discharged
24		67	Female	Ireland	Quang Ninh	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
25		50		United Kingdom			No	Yes	Discharged
26		74	Male				No	Yes	Discharged
27		70	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
28		69	Male		Lao Cai		No	Yes	Discharged
29		70	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
30		66			Thua Thien Hue	Hue Central Hospital (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
31	9 March 2020	49	Male	United Kingdom	Quang Nam	Hue Central Hospital (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged	Flight VN54 cluster	[278]
32	10 March 2020	24	Female	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Tropical Diseases	No	Yes	Discharged	Friend and related to case 17 at London before flied to Vietnam	[279]
33		58	Male	United Kingdom	Quang Nam	Hue Central Hospital (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged	Flight VN54 cluster	[280]
34		51	Female	Vietnam	Binh Thuan	Binh Thuan General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged	Visited United States and Qatar
35	11 March 2020	29	Female	Vietnam	Da Nang	Da Nang Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Related to cases 22 and 23 in Da Nang
36		64			Binh Thuan	Binh Thuan General Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Helper of case 34
37		37					No	No	Discharged	Employee of case 34
38		28					No	No	Discharged	Daughter-in-law of case 34
39		25	Male		Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Tour guide for case 24	[281]
40	12 March 2020	59	Male	Vietnam	Binh Thuan	Binh Thuan General Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Husband of case 34
41		28					No	No	Discharged	Son of case 34
42		2	Female				No	No	Discharged	Granddaughter of case 34
43		47					No	No	Discharged	Close contact with case 38
44		13	Male				No	No	Discharged	Son of case 37
45	13 March 2020	25	Male	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Close contact with case 34
46		30	Female		Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged	Flight attendant on flight VN54
47		43					No	No	Discharged	Helper of case 17
48	14 March 2020	31	Male	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Close contact with case 34
49		71		United Kingdom	Thua Thien Hue	Hue Central Hospital (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged	Husband of case 30, related to flight VN54 cluster
50		24	Female	Vietnam	Quang Ninh	2nd Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
51		50	Male		Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
52		22	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
53		53	Male	Czech Republic	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
54	15 March 2020	33	Male	Latvia	Ho Chi Minh City	Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged		[282][283]
55		35		Germany	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
56		30		United Kingdom			No	Yes	Discharged
57		66		United Kingdom	Quang Nam	Quang Nam General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged	Same flight as case 46
58	16 March 2020	26	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged		[282]
59		30					No	Yes	Discharged	Flight attendant on flight VN54
60		29	Male	France			No	Yes	Discharged
61		42		Vietnam	Ninh Thuan	Ninh Thuan General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
62	17 March 2020	18	Male	Vietnam	Quang Ninh	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged		[282]
63		20	Female		Hanoi		No	Yes	Discharged
64		36			Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
65		28					No	No	Discharged	Colleague of case 45 and 48
66		21					No	Yes	Discharged
67	18 March 2020	36	Male	Vietnam	Ninh Thuan	Ninh Thuan General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged	Same flight as case 61	[282]
68		41		United States	Da Nang	Da Nang Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
69		30		Germany	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
70		19		Vietnam			No	Yes	Discharged
71		19	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
72		25		France			No	Yes	Discharged	Girlfriend of case 60
73		11	Male	Vietnam	Hai Duong	Thanh Mien District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged	Same flight as case 46 and 59
74		23			Bac Ninh	Bac Ninh General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
75		40	Female		Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
76		52	Male	France	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
77	19 March 2020	25	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged		[282]
78		22	Male				No	Yes	Discharged
79		48	Female		Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
80		18	Male				No	Yes	Discharged	Son of case 79
81		20					No	Yes	Discharged
82		16	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
83		50		United States			No	Yes	Discharged
84		21	Male	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
85		20					No	Yes	Discharged
86	20 March 2020	54	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Bach Mai Hospital nurses	[282]
87		34					No	No	Discharged
88		25					No	Yes	Discharged
89		22			Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
90		21					No	Yes	Discharged
91		43	Male	United Kingdom		Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Tropical Diseases & Cho Ray Hospital[284]	No	Yes	Discharged	Pilot of Vietnam Airlines, related to Bar Buddha cluster
92	21 March 2020	21	Male	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged		[282]
93		20			Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
94		64	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
95	22 March 2020	20	Male	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged		[282]
96		21	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
97		34	Male	United Kingdom		Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged	Related to Bar Buddha cluster
98		34					No	Yes	Discharged
99		29		Vietnam			No	Yes	Discharged
100		55					No	Yes	Discharged
101		26	Female		Dong Thap	Sa Dec General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged	Passengers on flight VN50
102		9					No	Yes	Discharged
103		22	Male				No	Yes	Discharged
104		33	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
105		35			Tra Vinh	Tra Vinh Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
106		20					No	Yes	Discharged
107		25			Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Daughter of case 86
108		19	Male				No	Yes	Discharged
109		42					No	Yes	Discharged
110		19	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
111		25					No	Yes	Discharged
112		30					No	Yes	Discharged
113		18					No	Yes	Discharged
114	23 March 2020	19	Male	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged		[282]
115		44	Female				No	Yes	Discharged	Daughter of case 94
116		29	Male				No	No	Discharged	Doctor who infected from his patients
117		30			Tay Ninh	Tay Ninh General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged	Visited Cambodia
118		23	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
119		29	Male	United States	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
120		27		Canada			No	Yes	Discharged	Close contact with case 91
121		58		Vietnam		Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged
122		24	Female		Da Nang	Da Nang Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged	Worked as a bartender in Bangkok, Thailand
123		17			Ben Tre	Binh Dai District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged
124	24 March 2020	52	Male	Brazil	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Related to Bar Buddha cluster	[285]
125		22	Female	South Africa		Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	No	Discharged
126		28	Male			Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	No	Discharged
127		23		Vietnam		Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	No	Discharged
128		20			Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
129		20					No	Yes	Discharged
130		30					No	Yes	Discharged
131		23					No	Yes	Discharged
132		25	Female				No	Yes	Discharged
133		66			Lai Chau		No	No	Discharged	Infected from Bach Mai Hospital
134		10	Male		Thanh Hoa		No	Yes	Discharged
135	25 March 2020	27	Female	Vietnam	Da Nang	Da Nang Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged		[285]
136-140		21-36	3 males, 2 females	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	5 Discharged
141		29	Male	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Doctor infected by his patients
142	26 March 2020	26	Male	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged
143		58	Female	South Africa		Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
144		22	Male	Vietnam	Tra Vinh	Tra Vinh Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
145		34	Male	Vietnam	Can Tho	Can Tho Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
146		17	Female	Vietnam	Ha Tinh	Cau Treo General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
147		19	Male	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
148		58		France			No	Yes	Discharged
149		40	Male	Vietnam	Quang Ninh	2nd Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
150		55	Male	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged
151		45	Female	Brazil		Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Close contact with case 124
152		27	Female	Vietnam		Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	No	Discharged	Sister of case 127
153		60	Female	Vietnam		Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
154	27 March 2020	23	Female	Vietnam	Can Tho	Can Tho Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
155-156		21	1 male, 1 female	Vietnam	Bac Lieu	Bac Lieu General Hospital	No	Yes	2 Discharged
157		31	Female	United Kingdom	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Related to Bar Buddha cluster
158		45	Male	Brazil			No	No	Discharged
159		33	Male	Brazil		Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged
160		30	Female	Vietnam			No	Yes	Discharged
161		88	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Infected from Bach Mai Hospital
162		63	Female	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Daughter-in-law of case 161
163		43	Female	Vietnam		Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Grand daughter of case 161
164-166	28 March 2020	23-58	2 males, 1 female	Vietnam	Ninh Binh	Ninh Binh General Hospital	No	Yes	3 Discharged
167		20	Female	Denmark	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
168		49	Females	Vietnam	Ha Nam	Ha Nam General Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
169		49	Females	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged
170		27	Male	Vietnam	Ninh Binh	Kim Son District General Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Related to Bach Mai Hospital cluster
171		19	Female	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
172		35	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Daughter-in-law of case 133
173		43	Female	Vietnam			No	Yes	Discharged
174		57	Female	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
175-177	29 March 2020	38-57	1 male, 2 females	Vietnam	Hanoi		No	No	3 Discharged
178		44	Female	Vietnam	Thai Nguyen		No	No	Discharged
179		62	Male	Vietnam	Thanh Hoa	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
180-182		19-33	1 male, 2 females	Vietnam	Ninh Binh	Ninh Binh General Hospital	No	Yes	3 Discharged
183		43	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Close contact with case 148
184		42	Female	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
185		38	Male	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Infected from Bach Mai Hospital
186		52	Female	France			No	Yes	Discharged	Wife of case 76
187		30	Male	United States			No	Yes	Discharged
188		44	Female	Vietnam	Ha Nam	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
189-196	30 March 2020	21-49	8 females	Vietnam	Hanoi		No	No	8 Discharged
197		41	Male	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Infected from Bach Mai Hospital
198-202		23-61	5 females	Vietnam			No	No	5 Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
203		35	Female	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged
204	31 March 2020	10	Male	Vietnam		Ho Chi Minh City Children's Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
205		41	Male	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
206		48	Male	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Driver of cases 124 and 151
207		49	Male	Brazil			No	No	Discharged	Husband of case 151 and colleague of case 124
208	1 April 2020	38	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
209		55	Female	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Related to case 163
210		26	Female	Vietnam	Ha Tinh	Cau Treo General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
211		23	Female	Vietnam	Ninh Binh	Ninh Binh General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
212		35	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
213		40	Female	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Related to Bach Mai Hospital cluster
214-215		31-45	1 male, 1 female	Vietnam			No	No	2 Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
216-218		25-48	3 females	Vietnam			No	Yes	3 Discharged
219	2 April 2020	59	Female	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Related to case 133 and infected from Bach Mai Hospital
220-222		20-28	1 male, 2 females	Vietnam			No	Yes	3 Discharged
223		29	Female	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
224		39	Male	Brazil	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Related to case 158
225-226		22-35	2 males	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	2 Discharged
227		31	Male	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Son of case 209
228	3 April 2020	29	Male	Vietnam	Ninh Binh	Ninh Binh General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
229		30	Female	Vietnam		Nho Quan District General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
230		28	Female	Vietnam		Ninh Binh General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
231		57	Female	Vietnam	Ha Nam	Ha Nam General Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Working at Bach Mai Hospital
232-233		24-67	1 male, 1 female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	2 Discharged
234		69	Female	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Can Gio District Medical Centre	No	Yes	Discharged
235-236		25-26	1 male, 1 female	United Kingdom		Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	No	2 Discharged	Related to Bar Buddha cluster
237		64	Male	Sweden	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
238	4 April 2020	17	Female	Vietnam	Ha Tinh	Cau Treo General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged	Close contact with case 210
239		71	Male	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	No	Discharged	Infected from Bach Mai Hospital
240		29	Female	Vietnam	Ninh Binh	Ninh Binh General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged	Working in Bangkok, Thailand and related to case 166
241	5 April 2020	20	Male	Vietnam	Bac Lieu	Bac Lieu General Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
242	6 April 2020	34	Female	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
243		47	Male	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Infected in Bach Mai Hospital
244-245		21-44	2 females	Vietnam			No	Yes	2 Discharged	Passengers on flight SU290
246	7 April 2020	33	Male	Vietnam			No	Yes	Discharged
247		28	Male	Vietnam	Dong Nai	Dong Nai Lung Hospital	No	No	Discharged	Close contact with cases 124 and 151
248		20	Male	Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh City	Cu Chi Field Hospital	No	Yes	Discharged
249		55	Male	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch)	No	Yes	Discharged
250	8 April 2020	50	Female	Vietnam			No	No	Discharged	Neighbour of case 243

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External links

• TRANG TIN VỀ DỊCH BỆNH VIÊM ĐƯỜNG HÔ HẤP CẤP COVID-19 - Bộ Y tế - Trang tin về dịch bệnh viêm đường hô hấp cấp COVID-19
• Latest Updates on the Coronavirus cases in Vietnam – Ministry of Health of Vietnam
• CoronaTracker – Statistics on the coronavirus cases in Vietnam
• Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases and historical data by Johns Hopkins University
• COVID-19 Encyclopædia Britannica
• Coronavirus Encyclopædia Britannica
• SARS Encyclopædia Britannica
• COVID-19 in 20 Questions Encyclopædia Britannica
• Questions About COVID-19 Answered Kara Rogers Encyclopædia Britannica (18 June 2020)